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奇葩栖息地 - 用户贡献 [zh-cn]
2024-03-28T20:03:38Z
用户贡献
MediaWiki 1.41.0
https://mh.wdf.ink/w/index.php?title=%E4%BB%A3%E5%BE%AE%E7%A7%AF%E6%8B%BE%E7%BA%A7/%E5%8D%B7%E4%B8%80&diff=3287
代微积拾级/卷一
2024-03-17T10:15:06Z
<p>SkyEye FAST://Edit via InPageEdit</p>
<hr />
<div>{{DISPLAYTITLE:代微积拾级卷一}}<br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;"><br />
; 米利堅羅米士譔<br />
; 英國&nbsp;&nbsp;偉烈亞力&nbsp;&nbsp;口譯&emsp;&emsp;海寧&nbsp;&nbsp;李善蘭&nbsp;&nbsp;筆述<br />
</div><br />
<br />
== 代數幾何一<br>以代數推幾何 ==<br />
<br />
凡幾何題理,以代數顯之,簡而易明。代數號益幾何匪淺,故近時西國論幾何諸書恒用之。<br />
<br />
幾何題中用代數之位,覺甚便。準之作圖,能顯題之全,所設所求諸數,俱包其内。法用代數已知未知諸元,代題已知未知諸數。視圖中諸叚有連屬之理者,依幾何諸題理推之,本題有若干未知數,須推得若干代數式。旣有若干式,以代數術馭之,旣得諸數。<br />
<br />
; 設題<br />
* 今有句,有股弦和,求股。<br />
<br />
如圖,{{zhc|A|B|C}}句股形,命句{{zhc|A|B}}爲乙,股{{zhc|B|C}}爲天,股弦和爲申,則弦必爲<math>申\top天</math>。<br />
<br />
依幾何理,<div style="text-align: center;">{{Math|{{Mfrac|呷|{{zhc|B}}}}<sup>二</sup>丄{{Mfrac|{{zhc|B}}|{{zhc|C}}}}<sup>二</sup><math>\xlongequal{\quad}</math>{{Mfrac|呷|{{zhc|C}}}}<sup>二</sup>}}</div>代作<div style="text-align: center;"><math>乙^二\bot天^二\xlongequal{\quad}(申\top天)^二\xlongequal{\quad}申^二\top二申天\bot天^二</math>。</div>式两邊各去<math>天^二</math>,則得<div style="text-align: center;"><math>乙^二\xlongequal{\quad}申^二\top二申天</math></div>卽爲<div style="text-align: center;"><math>二申天\xlongequal{\quad}申^二\top乙^二</math>,</div>故得<div style="text-align: center;"><math>天\xlongequal{\quad}\frac{二申}{申^二\top乙^二}</math>,</div>觀此式卽知凡句股形之股,等于股弦和冪内減句冪,以倍股弦和約之之數。如句三尺,股弦和九尺,則<math>\frac{二申}{申^二\top乙^二}</math>卽<math>\frac{二\times九}{九^二\top三^二}</math>等于四,卽股也。<br />
<br />
* 今有三角形之底與中垂綫,求所容正方邊。<br />
<br />
如圖,{{zhc|A|B|C}}三角形,呷{{zhc|B}}爲底,{{zhc|C|H}}爲中垂綫,{{zhc|D|E|F|G}}爲所容正方形。命底爲乙,中垂綫爲辛,方邊爲天,則{{zhc|C|I}}必爲<math>辛\top天</math>。{{zhc|G|F}}與{{zhc|A|B}}平行,故依相似三角形之理有比例<div style="text-align: center;">{{Math|{{Mfrac|呷|{{zhc|B}}}}:{{Mfrac|{{zhc|G}}|{{zhc|F}}}}::{{Mfrac|{{zhc|C}}|{{zhc|H}}}}:{{Mfrac|{{zhc|C}}|{{zhc|I}}}}}},</div>代作<div style="text-align: center;"><math>乙:天::辛:辛\top天</math>。</div>凡四率比例,首尾二率相乘等于中二率相乘,故有式<div style="text-align: center;"><math>乙辛\top乙天\xlongequal{\quad}辛天</math>,</div>所以<div style="text-align: center;"><math>天\xlongequal{\quad}\frac{乙\bot辛}{乙辛}</math>,</div>卽知所容正方之邊,等于底與中垂綫相乘,以底垂和約之。如底爲十二尺,中垂綫爲六尺,則得所容方邊四尺。</div>
SkyEye FAST
https://mh.wdf.ink/w/index.php?title=%E6%A8%A1%E5%9D%97:Zhchar&diff=3286
模块:Zhchar
2024-03-17T10:11:42Z
<p>SkyEye FAST://Edit via InPageEdit</p>
<hr />
<div>local p = {}<br />
p.zhchar = function(f)<br />
local args = f<br />
if f == mw.getCurrentFrame() then<br />
args = f:getParent().args<br />
end<br />
local zhchar = {}<br />
<br />
for _, key in ipairs(args) do<br />
key = mw.text.trim(key)<br />
if key ~= '+' and key:find('%+') then<br />
local combozhchar = {}<br />
for comboKey in mw.text.gsplit(key, '%s*%+%s*') do<br />
table.insert(combozhchar, p.key(comboKey, f))<br />
end<br />
table.insert(zhchar, table.concat(combozhchar, '&#8239;+&#8239;'))<br />
else<br />
table.insert(zhchar, p.key(key, f))<br />
end<br />
end<br />
<br />
return table.concat(zhchar)<br />
end<br />
<br />
p.key = function(key, f)<br />
if key == '' then<br />
return ''<br />
end<br />
<br />
local symbols = mw.loadData('Module:Zhchar/Symbols')<br />
local value = symbols[key] or key<br />
if mw.ustring.match(value, '{{RareChar') then<br />
value = f:preprocess(value)<br />
end<br />
return value<br />
end<br />
<br />
return p</div>
SkyEye FAST
https://mh.wdf.ink/w/index.php?title=%E6%A8%A1%E5%9D%97:Zhchar&diff=3285
模块:Zhchar
2024-03-17T10:08:35Z
<p>SkyEye FAST://Edit via InPageEdit</p>
<hr />
<div>local p = {}<br />
p.zhchar = function(f)<br />
local args = f<br />
if f == mw.getCurrentFrame() then<br />
args = f:getParent().args<br />
end<br />
local zhchar = {}<br />
<br />
for _, key in ipairs(args) do<br />
key = mw.text.trim(key)<br />
if key ~= '+' and key:find('%+') then<br />
local combozhchar = {}<br />
for comboKey in mw.text.gsplit(key, '%s*%+%s*') do<br />
table.insert(combozhchar, p.key(comboKey, f))<br />
end<br />
table.insert(zhchar, table.concat(combozhchar, '&#8239;+&#8239;'))<br />
else<br />
table.insert(zhchar, p.key(key, f))<br />
end<br />
end<br />
<br />
return table.concat(zhchar)<br />
end<br />
<br />
p.key = function(key, f)<br />
if key == '' then<br />
return ''<br />
end<br />
<br />
local symbols = mw.loadData('Module:Zhchar/Symbols')<br />
local value = symbols[key] or key<br />
if mw.ustring.match(value, '{{RareChar') then<br />
value = f:expandTemplate{ title = 'RareChar', args = { value } }<br />
end<br />
return value<br />
end<br />
<br />
return p</div>
SkyEye FAST
https://mh.wdf.ink/w/index.php?title=%E6%A8%A1%E5%9D%97:Zhchar&diff=3284
模块:Zhchar
2024-03-17T10:05:43Z
<p>SkyEye FAST://Edit via InPageEdit</p>
<hr />
<div>local p = {}<br />
<br />
p.zhchar = function(frame)<br />
local args = frame<br />
if frame == mw.getCurrentFrame() then<br />
args = frame:getParent().args<br />
end<br />
<br />
local zhchar = {}<br />
<br />
for _, key in ipairs(args) do<br />
key = mw.text.trim(key)<br />
if key ~= '+' and key:find('%+') then<br />
local combozhchar = {}<br />
for comboKey in mw.text.gsplit(key, '%s*%+%s*') do<br />
table.insert(combozhchar, p.key(comboKey))<br />
end<br />
table.insert(zhchar, table.concat(combozhchar, '&#8239;+&#8239;'))<br />
else<br />
table.insert(zhchar, p.key(key))<br />
end<br />
end<br />
<br />
return mw.text.unstrip(table.concat(zhchar))<br />
end<br />
<br />
p.key = function(key)<br />
if key == '' then<br />
return ''<br />
end<br />
<br />
local symbols = mw.loadData('Module:Zhchar/Symbols')<br />
return mw.text.unstrip(symbols[key] or key)<br />
end<br />
<br />
return p</div>
SkyEye FAST
https://mh.wdf.ink/w/index.php?title=%E6%A8%A1%E5%9D%97:Zhchar&diff=3283
模块:Zhchar
2024-03-17T10:02:44Z
<p>SkyEye FAST://Edit via InPageEdit</p>
<hr />
<div>local p = {}<br />
p.zhchar = function( f )<br />
local args = f<br />
if f == mw.getCurrentFrame() then<br />
args = f:getParent().args<br />
end<br />
local zhchar = {}<br />
<br />
for _, key in ipairs( args ) do<br />
key = mw.text.trim( key )<br />
if key ~= '+' and key:find( '%+' ) then<br />
local combozhchar = {}<br />
for comboKey in mw.text.gsplit( key, '%s*%+%s*' ) do<br />
table.insert( combozhchar, p.key( comboKey ) )<br />
end<br />
table.insert( zhchar, table.concat( combozhchar, '&#8239;+&#8239;' ) )<br />
else<br />
table.insert( zhchar, p.key( key ) )<br />
end<br />
end<br />
<br />
return table.concat( zhchar )<br />
end<br />
<br />
p.key = function( key )<br />
if key == '' then<br />
return ''<br />
end<br />
<br />
local symbols = mw.loadData( 'Module:Zhchar/Symbols' )<br />
local rareCharPattern = '{{RareChar|%s*([^|}]+)%s*|%s*([^|}]+)%s*}}'<br />
local rareCharReplacement = function( rareChar, rareCharArgs )<br />
return mw.getCurrentFrame():expandTemplate{ title = 'RareChar', args = { rareChar, rareCharArgs } }<br />
end<br />
<br />
local replacedKey = key:gsub(rareCharPattern, rareCharReplacement)<br />
<br />
return ( symbols[replacedKey] or replacedKey )<br />
end<br />
return p</div>
SkyEye FAST
https://mh.wdf.ink/w/index.php?title=%E6%A8%A1%E5%9D%97:Zhchar&diff=3282
模块:Zhchar
2024-03-17T10:01:11Z
<p>SkyEye FAST://Edit via InPageEdit</p>
<hr />
<div>local p = {}<br />
p.zhchar = function( f )<br />
local args = f<br />
if f == mw.getCurrentFrame() then<br />
args = f:getParent().args<br />
end<br />
local zhchar = {}<br />
<br />
for _, key in ipairs( args ) do<br />
key = mw.text.trim( key )<br />
if key ~= '+' and key:find( '%+' ) then<br />
local combozhchar = {}<br />
for comboKey in mw.text.gsplit( key, '%s*%+%s*' ) do<br />
table.insert( combozhchar, p.key( comboKey ) )<br />
end<br />
table.insert( zhchar, table.concat( combozhchar, '&#8239;+&#8239;' ) )<br />
else<br />
table.insert( zhchar, p.key( key ) )<br />
end<br />
end<br />
<br />
-- Process the returned content to expand Rarechar templates<br />
local result = table.concat( zhchar )<br />
result = mw.text.unstripNoWiki(result) -- Ensure no wiki parsing occurs<br />
result = mw.text.expandTemplate(result) -- Expand templates<br />
<br />
return result<br />
end<br />
<br />
p.key = function( key )<br />
if key == '' then<br />
return ''<br />
end<br />
<br />
local symbols = mw.loadData( 'Module:Zhchar/Symbols' )<br />
local rareCharPattern = '{{RareChar|%s*([^|}]+)%s*|%s*([^|}]+)%s*}}'<br />
local rareCharReplacement = function( rareChar, rareCharArgs )<br />
return mw.text.trim(mw.getCurrentFrame():preprocess('{{RareChar|' .. rareChar .. '|' .. rareCharArgs .. '}}'))<br />
end<br />
<br />
local replacedKey = key:gsub(rareCharPattern, rareCharReplacement)<br />
<br />
return ( symbols[replacedKey] or replacedKey )<br />
end<br />
<br />
return p</div>
SkyEye FAST
https://mh.wdf.ink/w/index.php?title=%E6%A8%A1%E5%9D%97:Zhchar&diff=3281
模块:Zhchar
2024-03-17T09:59:37Z
<p>SkyEye FAST://Edit via InPageEdit</p>
<hr />
<div>local p = {}<br />
p.zhchar = function( f )<br />
local args = f<br />
if f == mw.getCurrentFrame() then<br />
args = f:getParent().args<br />
end<br />
local zhchar = {}<br />
<br />
for _, key in ipairs( args ) do<br />
key = mw.text.trim( key )<br />
if key ~= '+' and key:find( '%+' ) then<br />
local combozhchar = {}<br />
for comboKey in mw.text.gsplit( key, '%s*%+%s*' ) do<br />
table.insert( combozhchar, p.key( comboKey ) )<br />
end<br />
table.insert( zhchar, table.concat( combozhchar, '&#8239;+&#8239;' ) )<br />
else<br />
table.insert( zhchar, p.key( key ) )<br />
end<br />
end<br />
<br />
-- Process the returned content to expand Rarechar templates<br />
local result = table.concat( zhchar )<br />
result = mw.text.unstripNoWiki(result) -- Ensure no wiki parsing occurs<br />
result = mw.text.expandTemplate(result) -- Expand templates<br />
<br />
return result<br />
end<br />
<br />
p.key = function( key )<br />
if key == '' then<br />
return ''<br />
end<br />
<br />
local symbols = mw.loadData( 'Module:Zhchar/Symbols' )<br />
local rareCharPattern = '{{RareChar|%s*([^|}]+)%s*|%s*([^|}]+)%s*}}'<br />
local rareCharReplacement = function( rareChar, rareCharArgs )<br />
return mw.getCurrentFrame():expandTemplate{ title = 'RareChar', args = { rareChar, rareCharArgs } }<br />
end<br />
<br />
local replacedKey = key:gsub(rareCharPattern, rareCharReplacement)<br />
<br />
return ( symbols[replacedKey] or replacedKey )<br />
end<br />
<br />
return p</div>
SkyEye FAST
https://mh.wdf.ink/w/index.php?title=%E6%A8%A1%E5%9D%97:Zhchar&diff=3280
模块:Zhchar
2024-03-17T09:55:22Z
<p>SkyEye FAST://Edit via InPageEdit</p>
<hr />
<div>local p = {}<br />
p.zhchar = function( f )<br />
local args = f<br />
if f == mw.getCurrentFrame() then<br />
args = f:getParent().args<br />
end<br />
local zhchar = {}<br />
<br />
for _, key in ipairs( args ) do<br />
key = mw.text.trim( key )<br />
if key ~= '+' and key:find( '%+' ) then<br />
local combozhchar = {}<br />
for comboKey in mw.text.gsplit( key, '%s*%+%s*' ) do<br />
table.insert( combozhchar, p.key( comboKey ) )<br />
end<br />
table.insert( zhchar, table.concat( combozhchar, '&#8239;+&#8239;' ) )<br />
else<br />
table.insert( zhchar, p.key( key ) )<br />
end<br />
end<br />
<br />
return table.concat( zhchar )<br />
end<br />
<br />
p.key = function( key )<br />
if key == '' then<br />
return ''<br />
end<br />
<br />
local symbols = mw.loadData( 'Module:Zhchar/Symbols' )<br />
return ( symbols[key] or key )<br />
end<br />
return p</div>
SkyEye FAST
https://mh.wdf.ink/w/index.php?title=%E6%A8%A1%E5%9D%97:Zhchar/Symbols&diff=3279
模块:Zhchar/Symbols
2024-03-16T14:35:28Z
<p>SkyEye FAST://Edit via InPageEdit</p>
<hr />
<div>return {<br />
-- Latin<br />
['a'] = '甲',<br />
['b'] = '乙',<br />
['c'] = '丙',<br />
['d'] = '丁',<br />
['e'] = '戊',<br />
['f'] = '己',<br />
['g'] = '庚',<br />
['h'] = '辛',<br />
['i'] = '壬',<br />
['j'] = '癸',<br />
['k'] = '子',<br />
['l'] = '丑',<br />
['m'] = '寅',<br />
['n'] = '卯',<br />
['o'] = '辰',<br />
['p'] = '巳',<br />
['q'] = '午',<br />
['r'] = '未',<br />
['s'] = '申',<br />
['t'] = '酉',<br />
['u'] = '戌',<br />
['v'] = '亥',<br />
['w'] = '物',<br />
['x'] = '天',<br />
['y'] = '地',<br />
['z'] = '人',<br />
['A'] = '呷',<br />
['B'] = '{{RareChar|𠮙|⿰口乙}}',<br />
['C'] = '{{RareChar|𠰳|⿰口丙}}',<br />
['D'] = '叮',<br />
['E'] = '{{RareChar|𱒐|⿰口戊}}',<br />
['F'] = '{{RareChar|𠯇|⿰口己}}',<br />
['G'] = '{{RareChar|𱓒|⿰口庚}}',<br />
['H'] = '{{RareChar|㖕|⿰口辛}}',<br />
['I'] = '{{RareChar|𠰃|⿰口壬}}',<br />
['J'] = '{{RareChar|𱓩|⿰口癸}}',<br />
['K'] = '吇',<br />
['L'] = '吜',<br />
['M'] = '{{RareChar|𠻤|⿰口寅}}',<br />
['N'] = '{{RareChar|𠰭|⿰口卯}}',<br />
['O'] = '㖘',<br />
['P'] = '{{RareChar|𱒄|⿰口巳}}',<br />
['Q'] = '吘',<br />
['R'] = '味',<br />
['S'] = '呻',<br />
['T'] = '唒',<br />
['U'] = '{{RareChar|㖅|⿰口戌}}',<br />
['V'] = '咳',<br />
['W'] = '{{RareChar|𭈘|⿰口物}}',<br />
['X'] = '{{RareChar|𱒆|⿰口天}}',<br />
['Y'] = '哋',<br />
['Z'] = '{{RareChar|㕥|⿰口人}}',<br />
<br />
-- Greek<br />
['α'] = '角',<br />
['β'] = '亢',<br />
['γ'] = '氐',<br />
['δ'] = '房',<br />
['ζ'] = '尾',<br />
['η'] = '箕',<br />
['θ'] = '斗',<br />
['ι'] = '牛',<br />
['κ'] = '女',<br />
['λ'] = '虛',<br />
['μ'] = '危',<br />
['ν'] = '室',<br />
['ξ'] = '壁',<br />
['ο'] = '奎',<br />
['ρ'] = '胃',<br />
['σ'] = '昴',<br />
['τ'] = '畢',<br />
['υ'] = '觜',<br />
['χ'] = '井',<br />
['ω'] = '柳',<br />
['Α'] = '唃',<br />
['Β'] = '吭',<br />
['Γ'] = '呧',<br />
-- ['Δ'] = '口房',<br />
['Ε'] = '吣',<br />
['Ζ'] = '𠳿',<br />
['Η'] = '{{RareChar|𱕍|⿰口箕}}',<br />
['Θ'] = '呌',<br />
['Ι'] = '吽',<br />
['Κ'] = '𠯆',<br />
['Λ'] = '嘘',<br />
['Μ'] = '𠱓',<br />
['Ν'] = '{{RareChar|㗌|⿰口室}}',<br />
-- ['Ξ'] = '口壁',<br />
['Ο'] = '喹',<br />
['Π'] = '嘍',<br />
['Ρ'] = '喟',<br />
['Σ'] = '{{RareChar|𭈾|⿰口昴}}',<br />
['Τ'] = '嗶',<br />
['Υ'] = '嘴',<br />
['Φ'] = '嘇',<br />
['Χ'] = '{{RareChar|𠯤|⿰口井}}',<br />
['Ψ'] = '𠺌',<br />
-- ['Ω'] = '口柳',<br />
<br />
-- Others<br />
['ϕ'] = '{{RareChar|𭡝|⿰扌函}}',<br />
['ψ'] = '涵',<br />
['M'] = '根',<br />
['π'] = '周',<br />
['ε'] = '訥',<br />
['∫'] = '禾',<br />
}</div>
SkyEye FAST
https://mh.wdf.ink/w/index.php?title=%E6%A8%A1%E5%9D%97:Zhchar&diff=3278
模块:Zhchar
2024-03-16T13:50:36Z
<p>SkyEye FAST://Edit via InPageEdit</p>
<hr />
<div>local p = {}<br />
p.zhchar = function( f )<br />
local args = f<br />
if f == mw.getCurrentFrame() then<br />
args = f:getParent().args<br />
end<br />
local zhchar = {}<br />
<br />
for _, key in ipairs( args ) do<br />
key = mw.text.trim( key )<br />
if key ~= '+' and key:find( '%+' ) then<br />
local combozhchar = {}<br />
for comboKey in mw.text.gsplit( key, '%s*%+%s*' ) do<br />
table.insert( combozhchar, p.key( comboKey ) )<br />
end<br />
table.insert( zhchar, table.concat( combozhchar, '&#8239;+&#8239;' ) )<br />
else<br />
table.insert( zhchar, p.key( key ) )<br />
end<br />
end<br />
<br />
return table.concat( zhchar )<br />
end<br />
<br />
p.key = function( key )<br />
if key == '' then<br />
return ''<br />
end<br />
<br />
local symbols = mw.loadData( 'Module:Zhchar/Symbols' )<br />
return '<kbd class="key nowrap">' .. ( symbols[key] or key ) .. '</kbd>'<br />
end<br />
return p</div>
SkyEye FAST
https://mh.wdf.ink/w/index.php?title=%E6%A8%A1%E5%9D%97:Zhchar/Symbols&diff=3277
模块:Zhchar/Symbols
2024-03-16T10:59:44Z
<p>SkyEye FAST://Edit via InPageEdit</p>
<hr />
<div>return {<br />
-- Latin<br />
['a'] = '甲',<br />
['b'] = '乙',<br />
['c'] = '丙',<br />
['d'] = '丁',<br />
['e'] = '戊',<br />
['f'] = '己',<br />
['g'] = '庚',<br />
['h'] = '辛',<br />
['i'] = '壬',<br />
['j'] = '癸',<br />
['k'] = '子',<br />
['l'] = '丑',<br />
['m'] = '寅',<br />
['n'] = '卯',<br />
['o'] = '辰',<br />
['p'] = '巳',<br />
['q'] = '午',<br />
['r'] = '未',<br />
['s'] = '申',<br />
['t'] = '酉',<br />
['u'] = '戌',<br />
['v'] = '亥',<br />
['w'] = '物',<br />
['x'] = '天',<br />
['y'] = '地',<br />
['z'] = '人',<br />
['A'] = '呷',<br />
['B'] = '𠮙',<br />
['C'] = '𠰳',<br />
['D'] = '叮',<br />
['E'] = '𱒐',<br />
['F'] = '𠯇',<br />
['G'] = '𱓒',<br />
['H'] = '㖕',<br />
['I'] = '𠰃',<br />
['J'] = '𱓩',<br />
['K'] = '吇',<br />
['L'] = '吜',<br />
['M'] = '𠻤',<br />
['N'] = '𠰭',<br />
['O'] = '㖘',<br />
['P'] = '𱒄',<br />
['Q'] = '吘',<br />
['R'] = '味',<br />
['S'] = '呻',<br />
['T'] = '唒',<br />
['U'] = '㖅',<br />
['V'] = '咳',<br />
['W'] = '𭈘',<br />
['X'] = '𱒆',<br />
['Y'] = '哋',<br />
['Z'] = '㕥',<br />
<br />
-- Greek<br />
['α'] = '角',<br />
['β'] = '亢',<br />
['γ'] = '氐',<br />
['δ'] = '房',<br />
['ζ'] = '尾',<br />
['η'] = '箕',<br />
['θ'] = '斗',<br />
['ι'] = '牛',<br />
['κ'] = '女',<br />
['λ'] = '虛',<br />
['μ'] = '危',<br />
['ν'] = '室',<br />
['ξ'] = '壁',<br />
['ο'] = '奎',<br />
['ρ'] = '胃',<br />
['σ'] = '昴',<br />
['τ'] = '畢',<br />
['υ'] = '觜',<br />
['χ'] = '井',<br />
['ω'] = '柳',<br />
['Α'] = '唃',<br />
['Β'] = '吭',<br />
['Γ'] = '呧',<br />
-- ['Δ'] = '口房',<br />
['Ε'] = '吣',<br />
['Ζ'] = '𠳿',<br />
['Η'] = '𱕍',<br />
['Θ'] = '呌',<br />
['Ι'] = '吽',<br />
['Κ'] = '𠯆',<br />
['Λ'] = '嘘',<br />
['Μ'] = '𠱓',<br />
['Ν'] = '㗌',<br />
-- ['Ξ'] = '口壁',<br />
['Ο'] = '喹',<br />
['Π'] = '嘍',<br />
['Ρ'] = '喟',<br />
['Σ'] = '𭈾',<br />
['Τ'] = '嗶',<br />
['Υ'] = '嘴',<br />
['Φ'] = '嘇',<br />
['Χ'] = '𠯤',<br />
['Ψ'] = '𠺌',<br />
-- ['Ω'] = '口柳',<br />
<br />
-- Others<br />
['ϕ'] = '𭡝',<br />
['ψ'] = '涵',<br />
['M'] = '根',<br />
['π'] = '周',<br />
['ε'] = '訥',<br />
['∫'] = '禾',<br />
}</div>
SkyEye FAST
https://mh.wdf.ink/w/index.php?title=%E6%A8%A1%E5%9D%97:Zhchar&diff=3276
模块:Zhchar
2024-03-16T10:43:15Z
<p>SkyEye FAST://Edit via InPageEdit</p>
<hr />
<div>local p = {}<br />
p.zhchar = function( f )<br />
local args = f<br />
if f == mw.getCurrentFrame() then<br />
args = f:getParent().args<br />
end<br />
local zhchar = {}<br />
<br />
for _, key in ipairs( args ) do<br />
key = mw.text.trim( key )<br />
if key ~= '+' and key:find( '%+' ) then<br />
local combozhchar = {}<br />
for comboKey in mw.text.gsplit( key, '%s*%+%s*' ) do<br />
table.insert( combozhchar, p.key( comboKey ) )<br />
end<br />
table.insert( zhchar, table.concat( combozhchar, '&#8239;+&#8239;' ) )<br />
else<br />
table.insert( zhchar, p.key( key ) )<br />
end<br />
end<br />
<br />
return table.concat( zhchar )<br />
end<br />
<br />
p.key = function( key )<br />
if key == '' then<br />
return ''<br />
end<br />
<br />
local symbols = mw.loadData( 'Module:Zhchar/Symbols' )<br />
return '<kbd class="key nowrap">' .. ( symbols[key:lower()] or key ) .. '</kbd>'<br />
end<br />
return p</div>
SkyEye FAST
https://mh.wdf.ink/w/index.php?title=%E6%A8%A1%E6%9D%BF:Zhc&diff=3275
模板:Zhc
2024-03-16T10:41:27Z
<p>SkyEye FAST:快速重定向到 → :模板:Chinese_Alphabets</p>
<hr />
<div>#REDIRECT [[:模板:Chinese_Alphabets]]</div>
SkyEye FAST
https://mh.wdf.ink/w/index.php?title=%E6%A8%A1%E6%9D%BF:Zhchar&diff=3274
模板:Zhchar
2024-03-16T10:41:18Z
<p>SkyEye FAST:快速重定向到 → :模板:Chinese_Alphabets</p>
<hr />
<div>#REDIRECT [[:模板:Chinese_Alphabets]]</div>
SkyEye FAST
https://mh.wdf.ink/w/index.php?title=%E6%A8%A1%E6%9D%BF:Chinese_Alphabets&diff=3273
模板:Chinese Alphabets
2024-03-16T10:40:58Z
<p>SkyEye FAST://Edit via InPageEdit</p>
<hr />
<div><includeonly>{{#invoke: zhchar | zhchar }}</includeonly><noinclude><br />
{{documentation}}<br />
<!-- 请将分类/语言链接放在文档页面 --><br />
</noinclude></div>
SkyEye FAST
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代微积拾级/卷一
2024-03-11T15:26:10Z
<p>SkyEye FAST://Edit via InPageEdit</p>
<hr />
<div>{{DISPLAYTITLE:代微积拾级卷一}}<br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;"><br />
; 米利堅羅米士譔<br />
; 英國&nbsp;&nbsp;偉烈亞力&nbsp;&nbsp;口譯&emsp;&emsp;海寧&nbsp;&nbsp;李善蘭&nbsp;&nbsp;筆述<br />
</div><br />
<br />
== 代數幾何一<br>以代數推幾何 ==<br />
<br />
凡幾何題理,以代數顯之,簡而易明。代數號益幾何匪淺,故近時西國論幾何諸書恒用之。<br />
<br />
幾何題中用代數之位,覺甚便。準之作圖,能顯題之全,所設所求諸數,俱包其内。法用代數已知未知諸元,代題已知未知諸數。視圖中諸叚有連屬之理者,依幾何諸題理推之,本題有若干未知數,須推得若干代數式。旣有若干式,以代數術馭之,旣得諸數。<br />
<br />
; 設題<br />
* 今有句,有股弦和,求股。<br />
<br />
如圖,呷{{RareChar|𠮙|⿰口乙}}{{RareChar|𠰳|⿰口丙}}句股形,命句呷{{RareChar|𠮙|⿰口乙}}爲乙,股{{RareChar|𠮙|⿰口乙}}{{RareChar|𠰳|⿰口丙}}爲天,股弦和爲申,則弦必爲<math>申\top天</math>。<br />
<br />
依幾何理,<div style="text-align: center;">{{Math|{{Mfrac|呷|{{RareChar|𠮙|⿰口乙}}}}<sup>二</sup>丄{{Mfrac|{{RareChar|𠮙|⿰口乙}}|{{RareChar|𠰳|⿰口丙}}}}<sup>二</sup><math>\xlongequal{\quad}</math>{{Mfrac|呷|{{RareChar|𠰳|⿰口丙}}}}<sup>二</sup>}}</div>代作<div style="text-align: center;"><math>乙^二\bot天^二\xlongequal{\quad}(申\top天)^二\xlongequal{\quad}申^二\top二申天\bot天^二</math>。</div>式两邊各去<math>天^二</math>,則得<div style="text-align: center;"><math>乙^二\xlongequal{\quad}申^二\top二申天</math></div>卽爲<div style="text-align: center;"><math>二申天\xlongequal{\quad}申^二\top乙^二</math>,</div>故得<div style="text-align: center;"><math>天\xlongequal{\quad}\frac{二申}{申^二\top乙^二}</math>,</div>觀此式卽知凡句股形之股,等于股弦和冪内減句冪,以倍股弦和約之之數。如句三尺,股弦和九尺,則<math>\frac{二申}{申^二\top乙^二}</math>卽<math>\frac{二\times九}{九^二\top三^二}</math>等于四,卽股也。<br />
<br />
* 今有三角形之底與中垂綫,求所容正方邊。<br />
<br />
如圖,呷{{RareChar|𠮙|⿰口乙}}{{RareChar|𠰳|⿰口丙}}三角形,呷{{RareChar|𠮙|⿰口乙}}爲底,{{RareChar|𠰳|⿰口丙}}{{RareChar|㖕|⿰口辛}}爲中垂綫,叮{{RareChar|𱒐|⿰口戊}}{{RareChar|𠯇|⿰口己}}{{RareChar|𱓒|⿰口庚}}爲所容正方形。命底爲乙,中垂綫爲辛,方邊爲天,則{{RareChar|𠰳|⿰口丙}}{{RareChar|𠰃|⿰口壬}}必爲<math>辛\top天</math>。{{RareChar|𱓒|⿰口庚}}{{RareChar|𠯇|⿰口己}}與呷{{RareChar|𠮙|⿰口乙}}平行,故依相似三角形之理有比例<div style="text-align: center;">{{Math|{{Mfrac|呷|{{RareChar|𠮙|⿰口乙}}}}:{{Mfrac|{{RareChar|𱓒|⿰口庚}}|{{RareChar|𠯇|⿰口己}}}}::{{Mfrac|{{RareChar|𠰳|⿰口丙}}|{{RareChar|㖕|⿰口辛}}}}:{{Mfrac|{{RareChar|𠰳|⿰口丙}}|{{RareChar|𠰃|⿰口壬}}}}}},</div>代作<div style="text-align: center;"><math>乙:天::辛:辛\top天</math>。</div>凡四率比例,首尾二率相乘等于中二率相乘,故有式<div style="text-align: center;"><math>乙辛\top乙天\xlongequal{\quad}辛天</math>,</div>所以<div style="text-align: center;"><math>天\xlongequal{\quad}\frac{乙\bot辛}{乙辛}</math>,</div>卽知所容正方之邊,等于底與中垂綫相乘,以底垂和約之。如底爲十二尺,中垂綫爲六尺,則得所容方邊四尺。</div>
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代微积拾级/卷一/英文
2024-03-10T16:45:46Z
<p>SkyEye FAST:</p>
<hr />
<div>{{DISPLAYTITLE:Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus}}<br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: center; font-size: 2rem; font-family: serif;">'''ANALYTICAL GEOMETRY.'''</div><br />
<br />
<h2 style="text-align: center; font-family: serif !important;">SECTION I.<br>APPLICATION OF ALGEBRA TO GEOMETRY</h2><br />
<br />
A<span style="font-size: 0.6rem">RTICLE </span> 1. The relations of Geometrical magnitudes may be expressed by means of algebraic symbols, and the demonstrations of Geometrical theorems may thus be exhibited more concisely than is possible in ordinary language. Indeed, so great is the advantage in the use of algebraic symbols, that they are now employed to some extent in all treatises on Geometry.<br />
<br />
(2.) The algebraic notation may be employed with even greater advantage in the solution of Geometrical problems. For this purpose we first draw a fgure which represents all the parts of the problem, both those which are given and those which are required to be found. The usual symbols or letters for known and unknown quantities are employed to denote both the known and unknown parts of the figurc, or as many of them as muy be necessary. We then observe the relations which the scveral parts of the figure bear to each other from which, by the aid of the proper theorems in Geometry we derive as many independent equations as there are unknown quantities employed. The solution of these equations by the ordinary rules of algebra will determine the value of the unknown quantities. This method will be illustrated by a few examples.<br />
<br />
{{math|''Ex.1. In a right-angled triangle, having given the base and sum of the hypothenuse and perpendicular, to find the perpendicular.''}}<br />
<br />
Let ABC represent the proposed triangle, right-angled at B. Represent the base AB by <math>b</math>, the perpendicular BC by <math>z</math>, and the sum of the hypothenuse and perpendicular by <math>s</math>; then the hypothenuse will be represented by <math>s-x</math>. Then, by Geom., Prop. 11, B. IV.,<div style="text-align: center;"><math>\mathrm{\overline{AB}^2+\overline{BC}^2=\overline{AC}^2}</math>;</div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="text-align: left; float: left;">that is,</span><math>b^2+x^2=(s-x)^2=s^2-2sx+x^2</math>.</div><br />
<br />
Taking away <math>x^3</math> from each side of the equatuon, we have<div style="text-align: center;"><math>b^2=s^2-2sx</math>,</div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="text-align: left; float: left;">or</span><math>2sx=s^2-b^2</math>;</div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="text-align: left; float: left;">Whence</span><math>x=\frac{s^2-b^2}{2s}</math>,</div><br />
<br />
from which we see that in any right-angled triangle, the perpendicular is equal to the square of the sum of the hypothenuse and perpendicular, diminished by the square of the base, and divided by twice the sum of the hypothenuse and perpendicular. Thus, if the base is 3 feet, and the sum of the hypothenuse and perpendicular 9 feet, the expression <math>\frac{s^2-b^2}{2s}</math> becomes <math>\frac{9^2-3^2}{2\times9}=4</math>, the perpendicular.</div>
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代微积拾级/卷一/英文
2024-03-10T10:10:09Z
<p>SkyEye FAST:创建页面,内容为“{{DISPLAYTITLE:Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus}} <div style="text-align: center; font-size: 2rem; font-family: serif;">'''ANALYTICAL GEOMETRY.'''</div> <h2 style="text-align: center; font-family: serif !important;">SECTION I.<br>APPLICATION OF ALGEBRA TO GEOMETRY</h2> A<span style="font-size: 0.6rem">RTICLE </span> 1. The relations of Geometrical magnitudes may be expressed by means of algebraic symbols, and the…”</p>
<hr />
<div>{{DISPLAYTITLE:Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus}}<br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: center; font-size: 2rem; font-family: serif;">'''ANALYTICAL GEOMETRY.'''</div><br />
<br />
<h2 style="text-align: center; font-family: serif !important;">SECTION I.<br>APPLICATION OF ALGEBRA TO GEOMETRY</h2><br />
<br />
A<span style="font-size: 0.6rem">RTICLE </span> 1. The relations of Geometrical magnitudes may be expressed by means of algebraic symbols, and the demonstrations of Geometrical theorems may thus be exhibited more concisely than is possible in ordinary language. Indeed, so great is the advantage in the use of algebraic symbols, that they are now employed to some extent in all treatises on Geometry.<br />
<br />
(2.) The algebraic notation may be employed with even greater advantage in the solution of Geometrical problems. For this purpose we first draw a fgure which represents all the parts of the problem, both those which are given and those which are required to be found. The usual symbols or letters for known and unknown quantities are employed to denote both the known and unknown parts of the figurc, or as many of them as muy be necessary. We then observe the relations which the scveral parts of the figure bear to each other from which, by the aid of the proper theorems in Geometry we derive as many independent equations as there are unknown quantities employed. The solution of these equations by the ordinary rules of algebra will determine the value of the unknown quantities. This method will be illustrated by a few examples.<br />
<br />
{{math|''Ex.1. In a right-angled triangle, having given the base and sum of the hypothenuse and perpendicular, to find the perpendicular.''}}<br />
<br />
Let ABC represent the proposed triangle, right-angled at B. Represent the base AB by {{math|''b''}}, the perpendicular BC by {{math|''z''}}, and the sum of the hypothenuse and perpendicular by {{math|''s''}}; then the hypothenuse will be represented by {{math|''s-x''}}. Then, by Geom., Prop. 11, B. IV.,<div style="text-align: center;"><math>\mathrm{\overline{AB}^2+\overline{BC}^2=\overline{AC}^2}</math>;</div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="text-align: left; float: left;">that is,</span><math>b^2+x^2=(s-x)^2=s^2-2sx+x^2</math>.</div><br />
<br />
Taking away <math>x^3</math> from each side of the equatuon, we have<div style="text-align: center;"><math>b^2=s^2-2sx</math>,</div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="text-align: left; float: left;">or</span><math>2sx=s^2-b^2</math>;</div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="text-align: left; float: left;">Whence</span><math>x=\frac{s^2-b^2}{2s}</math>,</div><br />
<br />
from which we see that in any right-angled triangle, the perpendicular is equal to the square of the sum of the hypothenuse and perpendicular, diminished by the square of the base, and divided by twice the sum of the hypothenuse and perpendicular. Thus, if the base is 3 feet, and the sum of the hypothenuse and perpendicular 9 feet, the expression <math>\frac{s^2-b^2}{2s}</math> becomes <math>\frac{9^2-3^2}{2\times9}=4</math>, the perpendicular.</div>
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代微积拾级
2024-03-10T09:14:25Z
<p>SkyEye FAST://Edit via InPageEdit</p>
<hr />
<div>{{tex}}<br />
<br />
{{Book<br />
| author = {{w|伟烈亚力}}口译<br>{{w|李善兰}}笔述<br>{{w|伊莱亚斯·罗密士}}原著<br />
| date = 1859<br />
| date_suffix = ,清咸丰九年(己未)<br>1851(原著)<br />
| press = 墨海书馆<br />
}}<br />
<br />
{{q|米利堅羅密士譔,英國偉烈亞力口譯,海寧李善蘭筆述。|《代微積拾級》}}<br />
<br />
'''《代微积{{ruby|拾|shè}}级》''',由英国汉学家、来华传教士{{w|伟烈亚力}}(Alexander Wylie,1815年4月6日-1887年2月10日)口译,清代数学家{{w|李善兰}}(1811年1月22日-1882年12月9日)笔述;1859年由上海{{w|墨海书馆}}(The London Missionary Society Press)出版。原著为美国数学家{{w|伊莱亚斯·罗密士}}(Elias Loomis,1811年8月7日-1889年8月15日)于1851年出版的'''《解析几何和微积分初步》(''Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus'')'''。<br />
<br />
据考证,李善兰翻译所用的底本,应为1852年再版的版本,而非1851年的初版(内容差别较大)。原著在1874年改版,在此之前有不下20个版次(包括1856年的第6版、1859年的第10版、1864年的第17版、1868年的第19版等),畅销程度可见一斑。<br />
<br />
1872年(明治5年),这本书被福田半译至日文,但书中并未使用李善兰创立的对应符号系统(参见[[#符号]]),而是使用原著的符号。<br />
<br />
需要注意的是,这本书中的定义以今天的眼光来看并不严谨。一方面,当时的微积分学基础并不牢固,(ε, δ)-极限定义还未出现,书中仍然只使用未严格定义的无穷小量来定义概念;另一方面,这本书本身就是入门教材,不应过于晦涩难懂。<br />
<br />
<gallery><br />
Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus (Chinese, 1859, 1).pdf|page=1|代(解析几何)<br />
Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus (Chinese, 1859, 2).pdf|page=1|微(微分)<br />
Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus (Chinese, 1859, 3).pdf|page=1|积(积分)<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
== 作者 ==<br />
<br />
{{from|'''李善蘭,字壬叔,海寧人。諸生。從陳奐受經,於算術好之獨深。'''十歲即通九章,後得測圓海鏡、句股割圜記,學益進。疑割圜法非自然,精思得其理。嘗謂道有一貫,藝亦然。測圓海鏡每題皆有法有草,法者,本題之法也;草者,用立天元一曲折以求本題之法,乃造法之法,法之源也。算術大至躔離交食,細至米鹽瑣碎,其法至繁,以立天元一演之,莫不能得其法。故立天元一者,算學中之一貫也。並時明算如錢塘戴煦,南匯張文虎,烏程徐有壬、汪曰楨,歸安張福僖,皆相友善。咸豐初,客上海,識英吉利偉烈亞力、艾約瑟、韋廉臣三人,偉烈亞力精天算,通華言。善蘭以歐幾里幾何原本十三卷、續二卷,明時譯得六卷,因與偉烈亞力同譯後九卷,西士精通幾何者尟,其第十卷尤玄奧,未易解,譌奪甚多,善蘭筆受時,輒以意匡補。譯成,偉烈亞力歎曰:「西士他日欲得善本,當求諸中國也!」<br><br>'''偉烈亞力又言美國天算名家羅密士嘗取代數、微分、積分合為一書,分款設題,較若列眉,復與善蘭同譯之,名曰代微積拾級十八卷。代數變天元、四元,別為新法,微分、積分二術,又藉徑於代數,實中土未有之奇秘。善蘭隨體剖析自然,得力於海鏡為多。'''<br><br>粵匪陷吳、越,依曾國籓軍中。同治七年,用巡撫郭嵩燾薦,徵入同文館,充算學總教習、總理衙門章京,授戶部郎中、三品卿銜。課同文館生以海鏡,而以代數演之,合中、西為一法,成就甚眾。光緒十年,卒於官,年垂七十。<br><br>善蘭聰彊絕人,其於算,能執理之至簡,馭數至繁,故衍之無不可通之數,抉之即無不可窮之理。所著則古昔齋算學,詳藝文志。世謂梅文鼎悟借根之出天元,善蘭能變四元而為代數,蓋梅氏後一人云。|《清史稿·列傳二百九十四·疇人二》}}<br />
<br />
== 影印本 ==<br />
* [[:File:Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus (Chinese, 1859, 1).pdf|卷一-卷九(解析几何)]]([[Media:Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus (Chinese, 1859, 1).pdf|源文件]])<br />
* [[:File:Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus (Chinese, 1859, 2).pdf|卷十-卷十六(微分)]]([[Media:Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus (Chinese, 1859, 2).pdf|源文件]])<br />
* [[:File:Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus (Chinese, 1859, 3).pdf|卷十七-卷十八(积分)]]([[Media:Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus (Chinese, 1859, 3).pdf|源文件]])<br />
* [[:File:Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus.pdf|英文原著]]([[Media:Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus.pdf|源文件]])<br />
<br />
== 原文 ==<br />
* [[/卷一|卷一]]([[/卷一/英文|英文]])<br />
<br />
== 符号 ==<br />
<br />
=== 字母 ===<br />
<br />
[[File:Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus (Chinese, 1859, 1).pdf|page=11|right|thumb|符号表,注意希腊字母{{lang|el|Ρ}}与{{lang|el|Μ}}对应颠倒]]<br />
<br />
在书中,小写{{w|拉丁字母}}以天干(10个)、地支(12个)和物(w)、天(x)、地(y)、人(z)对应;小写{{w|希腊字母}}以{{w|二十八宿}}的前24个对应。大写字母将小写字母对应的汉字左侧加上“口”来表示,即使加上口字旁的字已存在,也按照小写的读音来读(例如小写的v对应“亥”,那么大写的V对应的“咳”也读作hài)。另外还有一些专用的符号单独对应。<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; font-family:serif !important;"<br />
|+ 符号对照表<br />
|-<br />
! ''A''<br />
| {{ruby|呷|jiǎ}}<br />
! ''a''<br />
| 甲<br />
! {{lang|el|Α}}<br />
| {{ruby|唃|jiǎo}}<br />
! {{lang|el|α}}<br />
| {{ruby|角|jiǎo}}<br />
! F<br />
| {{RareChar|{{ruby|㖤|hán}}|⿰口函}}<br />
|-<br />
! ''B''<br />
| {{RareChar|{{ruby|𠮙|yǐ}}|⿰口乙}}<br />
! ''b''<br />
| 乙<br />
! {{lang|el|Β}}<br />
| {{ruby|吭|kàng}}<br />
! {{lang|el|β}}<br />
| {{ruby|亢|kàng}}<br />
! ''f''<br />
| 函<br />
|-<br />
! ''C''<br />
| {{RareChar|{{ruby|𠰳|bǐng}}|⿰口丙}}<br />
! ''c''<br />
| 丙<br />
! {{lang|el|Γ}}<br />
| {{ruby|呧|dǐ}}<br />
! {{lang|el|γ}}<br />
| {{ruby|氐|dǐ}}<br />
! {{lang|el|ϕ}}<br />
| {{RareChar|{{ruby|𭡝|hán}}|⿰扌函}}<br />
|-<br />
! ''D''<br />
| 叮<br />
! ''d''<br />
| 丁<br />
! {{lang|el|Δ}}<br />
| [[File:Uppercase Delta.svg|16px]]<br />
! {{lang|el|δ}}<br />
| 房<br />
! {{lang|el|ψ}}<br />
| 涵<br />
|-<br />
! ''E''<br />
| {{RareChar|{{ruby|𱒐|wù}}|⿰口戊}}<br />
! ''e''<br />
| 戊<br />
! {{lang|el|Ε}}<br />
| {{ruby|吣|xīn}}<br />
|<br />
|<br />
! {{lang|el|M}}<br />
| 根<br />
|-<br />
! ''F''<br />
| {{RareChar|{{ruby|𠯇|jǐ}}|⿰口己}}<br />
! ''f''<br />
| 己<br />
! {{lang|el|Ζ}}<br />
| {{ruby|𠳿|wěi}}<br />
! {{lang|el|ζ}}<br />
| 尾<br />
! {{lang|el|π}}<br />
| 周{{note|group="表注"|指{{w|圆周率}}。}}<br />
|-<br />
! ''G''<br />
| {{RareChar|{{ruby|𱓒|gēng}}|⿰口庚}}<br />
! ''g''<br />
| 庚<br />
! {{lang|el|Η}}<br />
| {{RareChar|{{ruby|𱕍|jī}}|⿰口箕}}<br />
! {{lang|el|η}}<br />
| {{ruby|箕|jī}}<br />
! {{lang|el|ε}}<br />
| {{ruby|訥|nè}}(讷){{note|group="表注"|指{{w|自然常数}},疑似应为e。}}<br />
|-<br />
! ''H''<br />
| {{RareChar|{{ruby|㖕|xīn}}|⿰口辛}}<br />
! ''h''<br />
| 辛<br />
! {{lang|el|Θ}}<br />
| {{ruby|呌|dǒu}}<br />
! {{lang|el|θ}}<br />
| {{ruby|斗|dǒu}}<br />
! ''d''<br />
| {{ruby|彳|wēi}}{{note|group="表注"|音同“微”,指微分号。}}<br />
|-<br />
! ''I''<br />
| {{RareChar|{{ruby|𠰃|rén}}|⿰口壬}}<br />
! ''i''<br />
| 壬<br />
! {{lang|el|Ι}}<br />
| {{ruby|吽|níu}}<br />
! {{lang|el|ι}}<br />
| 牛<br />
! ''∫''<br />
| {{ruby|禾|jī}}{{note|group="表注"|音同“积”,指积分号。}}<br />
|-<br />
! ''J''<br />
| {{RareChar|{{ruby|𱓩|guǐ}}|⿰口癸}}<br />
! ''j''<br />
| 癸<br />
! {{lang|el|Κ}}<br />
| {{ruby|𠯆|nǚ}}<br />
! {{lang|el|κ}}<br />
| 女<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! ''K''<br />
| {{ruby|吇|zǐ}}<br />
! ''k''<br />
| 子<br />
! {{lang|el|Λ}}<br />
| {{ruby|嘘|xū}}<br />
! {{lang|el|λ}}<br />
| 虛<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! ''L''<br />
| {{ruby|吜|choǔ}}<br />
! ''l''<br />
| 丑<br />
! {{lang|el|Μ}}<br />
| {{ruby|𠱓|wēi}}{{note|group="表注"|书中表格与{{lang|el|Ρ}}颠倒。}}<br />
! {{lang|el|μ}}<br />
| 危<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! ''M''<br />
| {{RareChar|{{ruby|𠻤|yín}}|⿰口寅}}<br />
! ''m''<br />
| 寅<br />
! {{lang|el|Ν}}<br />
| {{RareChar|{{ruby|㗌|shì}}|⿰口室}}<br />
! {{lang|el|ν}}<br />
| 室<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! ''N''<br />
| {{RareChar|{{ruby|𠰭|mǎo}}|⿰口卯}}<br />
! ''n''<br />
| 卯<br />
! {{lang|el|Ξ}}<br />
| [[File:Uppercase Xi.svg|16px]]<br />
! {{lang|el|ξ}}<br />
| 壁<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! ''O''<br />
| {{ruby|㖘|chén}}<br />
! ''o''<br />
| 辰<br />
! {{lang|el|Ο}}<br />
| {{ruby|喹|kuí}}<br />
! {{lang|el|ο}}<br />
| 奎<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! ''P''<br />
| {{RareChar|{{ruby|𱒄|sì}}|⿰口巳}}<br />
! ''p''<br />
| 巳<br />
! {{lang|el|Π}}<br />
| {{ruby|嘍|lóu}}(喽)<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! ''Q''<br />
| {{ruby|吘|wǔ}}<br />
! ''q''<br />
| 午<br />
! {{lang|el|Ρ}}<br />
| {{ruby|喟|wèi}}{{note|group="表注"|书中表格与{{lang|el|Μ}}颠倒。}}<br />
! {{lang|el|ρ}}<br />
| 胃<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! ''R''<br />
| 味<br />
! ''r''<br />
| 未<br />
! {{lang|el|Σ}}<br />
| {{RareChar|{{ruby|𭈾|mǎo}}|⿰口昴}}<br />
! {{lang|el|σ}}<br />
| {{ruby|昴|mǎo}}<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! ''S''<br />
| 呻<br />
! ''s''<br />
| 申<br />
! {{lang|el|Τ}}<br />
| {{ruby|嗶|bì}}(哔)<br />
! {{lang|el|τ}}<br />
| 畢(毕)<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! ''T''<br />
| {{ruby|唒|yǒu}}<br />
! ''t''<br />
| 酉<br />
! {{lang|el|Υ}}<br />
| {{ruby|嘴|zī}}<br />
! {{lang|el|υ}}<br />
| {{ruby|觜|zī}}<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! ''U''<br />
| {{RareChar|{{ruby|㖅|xù}}|⿰口戌}}<br />
! ''u''<br />
| 戌<br />
! {{lang|el|Φ}}<br />
| {{ruby|嘇|shēn}}({{RareChar|𰇼|⿰口参}})<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! ''V''<br />
| {{ruby|咳|hài}}<br />
! ''v''<br />
| 亥<br />
! {{lang|el|Χ}}<br />
| {{RareChar|{{ruby|𠯤|jǐn}}|⿰口井}}<br />
! {{lang|el|χ}}<br />
| 井<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! ''W''<br />
| {{RareChar|{{ruby|𭈘|wù}}|⿰口物}}<br />
! ''w''<br />
| 物<br />
! {{lang|el|Ψ}}<br />
| {{ruby|𠺌|guǐ}}<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! ''X''<br />
| {{RareChar|{{ruby|𱒆|tiān}}|⿰口天}}<br />
! ''x''<br />
| 天<br />
! {{lang|el|Ω}}<br />
| [[File:Uppercase Omega.svg|16px]]<br />
! {{lang|el|ω}}<br />
| 柳<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! ''Y''<br />
| {{ruby|哋|dì}}<br />
! ''y''<br />
| 地<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! Z<br />
| {{RareChar|{{ruby|㕥|rén}}|⿰口人}}<br />
! z<br />
| 人<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== 运算符及其他引进符号 ===<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; font-family:serif !important;"<br />
|-<br />
! LaTeX<br />
! HTML<br />
! 说明<br />
|-<br />
! <math>\bot</math>{{note|group="表注"|{{cd|\bot}}}}<br />
! ⊥{{note|group="表注"|U+22A5,{{cd|&amp;bottom;|&amp;bot;|&amp;perp;|&amp;UpTee;|&amp;#8869;}}}}<br />
| 正也,加也{{note|group="表注"|此处并非垂直符号<math>\perp</math>({{cd|\perp}})或⟂(U+27C2,{{cd|&amp;#10178;}})。不使用加号+(U+002B,{{cd|&amp;#plus;|&amp;#43;}})是因为易与汉字数字“十”混淆。此为“上”的古字(丄,U+4E04,{{cd|&amp;#19972;}})。}}<br />
|-<br />
! <math>\top</math>{{note|group="表注"|{{cd|\top}}}}<br />
! ⊤{{note|group="表注"|U+22A4,{{cd|&amp;top;|&amp;DownTee;|&amp;#8868;}}}}<br />
| 負也,減也{{note|group="表注"|不使用减号−(U+2212,{{cd|&amp;minus;|&amp;#8722;}})或连字暨减号-(U+002D,{{cd|&amp;#45;}})是因为易与汉字数字“一”混淆。此为“下”的古字(丅,U+4E05,{{cd|&amp;#19973;}} )。}}<br />
|-<br />
! <math>\times</math>{{note|group="表注"|{{cd|\times}}}}<br />
! ×{{note|group="表注"|U+00D7,{{cd|&amp;times;|&amp;#215;}}}}<br />
| 相乘也<br />
|-<br />
! <math>\div</math>{{note|group="表注"|{{cd|\div}}}}<br />
! ÷{{note|group="表注"|U+00F7,{{cd|&amp;divide;|&amp;#247;}}}}<br />
| 約也,或作<math>-</math><br />
|-<br />
! <math>::::</math> <br />
! ::::<br />
| 四率比例也<br />
|-<br />
! <math>()</math><br />
! ()<br />
| 括諸數為一數也,名曰括弧<br />
|-<br />
! <math>\sqrt{}</math>{{note|group="表注"|{{cd|\sqrt{&#125; }}}}<br />
! √<br />
| 開方根也<br />
|-<br />
! <math>=</math><br />
! =<br />
| 等於{{note|group="表注"|与原符号不同,书中为防止与汉字数字“二”混淆而被拉长。}}<br />
|-<br />
! <math><</math><br />
! <<br />
| 右大於左<br />
|-<br />
! <math>></math><br />
! ><br />
| 左大於右<br />
|-<br />
! <math>0</math><br />
! 0<br />
| 無也<br />
|-<br />
! <math>\infty</math>{{note|group="表注"|{{cd|\infty}}}}<br />
! ∞<br />
| 無窮也<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== 注释 ===<br />
<br />
{{notelist|表注}}<br />
<br />
== 术语 ==<br />
<br />
书中新创了大量术语,其中有很多沿用至今。<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed"<br />
|+ 术语表<br />
! 原文<br />
! 译文<br />
|-<br />
! Abbreviated expression <br />
| 簡式<br />
|-<br />
! Abscissa <br />
| 橫線<br />
|-<br />
! Acute angle <br />
| 銳角<br />
|-<br />
! Add <br />
| 加<br />
|-<br />
! Addition <br />
| 加法<br />
|-<br />
! Adjacent angle <br />
| 旁角<br />
|-<br />
! Algebra <br />
| 代數學<br />
|-<br />
! Algebra curve <br />
| 代數曲線<br />
|-<br />
! Altitude <br />
| 高,股,中垂線<br />
|-<br />
! Anomaly <br />
| 奇式<br />
|-<br />
! Answer <br />
| 答<br />
|-<br />
! Antecedent <br />
| 前{{ruby|率|shuài}}<br />
|-<br />
! Approximation <br />
| 迷率<br />
|-<br />
! Arc <br />
| 弧<br />
|-<br />
! Area <br />
| 面積<br />
|-<br />
! Arithmetic <br />
| 數學<br />
|-<br />
! Asymptote <br />
| 漸近線<br />
|-<br />
! Axiom <br />
| 公論<br />
|-<br />
! Axis <br />
| 軸,軸線<br />
|-<br />
! Axis major <br />
| 長徑,長軸<br />
|-<br />
! Axis minor <br />
| 短徑,短軸<br />
|-<br />
! Axis of abscissas <br />
| 橫軸<br />
|-<br />
! Axis of coordinates <br />
| 總橫軸<br />
|-<br />
! Axis of ordinate <br />
| 縱軸<br />
|-<br />
! Base <br />
| 底,勾<br />
|-<br />
! Binominal <br />
| 二項式<br />
|-<br />
! Binomial theorem <br />
| 合名法<br />
|-<br />
! Biquadratic parabola <br />
| 三乘方拋物線<br />
|-<br />
! Bisect <br />
| 平分<br />
|-<br />
! Brackets <br />
| 括弧<br />
|-<br />
! Center of an ellipse <br />
| 中點<br />
|-<br />
! Chord <br />
| 通弦<br />
|-<br />
! Circle <br />
| 平圜<br />
|-<br />
! Circular expression <br />
| 圜式<br />
|-<br />
! Circumference <br />
| 周<br />
|-<br />
! Circumsoribed <br />
| 外切<br />
|-<br />
! Coefficient <br />
| 係數<br />
|-<br />
! Common algebra expression <br />
| 代數常式<br />
|-<br />
! Coincide <br />
| 合<br />
|-<br />
! Commensurable <br />
| 有等數<br />
|-<br />
! Common <br />
| 公<br />
|-<br />
! Complement <br />
| 餘<br />
|-<br />
! Complementary angle <br />
| 餘角<br />
|-<br />
! Concave <br />
| 凹<br />
|-<br />
! Concentric <br />
| 同心<br />
|-<br />
! Cone <br />
| 圓錐<br />
|-<br />
! Conjugate axis <br />
| 相屬軸<br />
|-<br />
! Conjugate diameter <br />
| 相屬徑<br />
|-<br />
! Conjugate hyperbola <br />
| 相屬雙曲線<br />
|-<br />
! Consequent <br />
| 後率<br />
|-<br />
! Constant <br />
| 常數<br />
|-<br />
! Construct <br />
| 做圖<br />
|-<br />
! Contact <br />
| 切<br />
|-<br />
! Converging series <br />
| 斂級數<br />
|-<br />
! Convex <br />
| 凸<br />
|-<br />
! Coordinates <br />
| 總橫線<br />
|-<br />
! Corollary <br />
| 系<br />
|-<br />
! Cosecant <br />
| 餘割<br />
|-<br />
! Cosine <br />
| 餘弦<br />
|-<br />
! Cotangent <br />
| 餘切<br />
|-<br />
! Coversedsine <br />
| 餘矢<br />
|-<br />
! Cube <br />
| 立方<br />
|-<br />
! Cube root <br />
| 立方根<br />
|-<br />
! Cubical parabola <br />
| 立方根拋物線<br />
|-<br />
! Curvature <br />
| 曲率<br />
|-<br />
! Curve <br />
| 曲線<br />
|-<br />
! Cusp <br />
| 歧點<br />
|-<br />
! Cycloid <br />
| 擺線<br />
|-<br />
! Cylinder <br />
| 圜柱<br />
|-<br />
! Decagon <br />
| 十邊形<br />
|-<br />
! Decrease <br />
| 損<br />
|-<br />
! Decreasing function <br />
| 損函數<br />
|-<br />
! Definition <br />
| 界說<br />
|-<br />
! Degree of an expression <br />
| 次<br />
|-<br />
! Degree of angular measurement <br />
| 度<br />
|-<br />
! Denominator <br />
| 分母,母數<br />
|-<br />
! Dependent variable <br />
| 因變數<br />
|-<br />
! Diagonal <br />
| 對角線<br />
|-<br />
! Diameter <br />
| 徑<br />
|-<br />
! Difference <br />
| 較<br />
|-<br />
! Differential <br />
| 微分<br />
|-<br />
! Differential calculus <br />
| 微分學<br />
|-<br />
! Differential coefficient <br />
| 微係數<br />
|-<br />
! Differentiate <br />
| 求微分<br />
|-<br />
! Direction <br />
| 方向<br />
|-<br />
! Directrix <br />
| 準線<br />
|-<br />
! Distance <br />
| 距線<br />
|-<br />
! Diverging lines <br />
| 漸遠線<br />
|-<br />
! Diverging series <br />
| 發級數<br />
|-<br />
! Divide <br />
| 約<br />
|-<br />
! Dividend <br />
| 實<br />
|-<br />
! Division (absolute) <br />
| 約法<br />
|-<br />
! Division (concrete) <br />
| 除法<br />
|-<br />
! Divisor <br />
| 法<br />
|-<br />
! Dodecahedron <br />
| 十二面體<br />
|-<br />
! Duplicate <br />
| 倍比例<br />
|-<br />
! Edge of polyhedron <br />
| 稜<br />
|-<br />
! Ellipse <br />
| 橢圓<br />
|-<br />
! Equal <br />
| 等<br />
|-<br />
! Equation <br />
| 方程式<br />
|-<br />
! Equation of condition <br />
| 偶方程式<br />
|-<br />
! Equiangular <br />
| 等角<br />
|-<br />
! Equilateral <br />
| 等邊<br />
|-<br />
! Equimultiple <br />
| 等倍數<br />
|-<br />
! Evolute <br />
| 漸申線<br />
|-<br />
! Evolution <br />
| 開方<br />
|-<br />
! Expand <br />
| 詳<br />
|-<br />
! Expansion <br />
| 詳式<br />
|-<br />
! Explicit function <br />
| 陽函數<br />
|-<br />
! Exponent <br />
| 指數<br />
|-<br />
! Expression <br />
| 式<br />
|-<br />
! Extreme and mean ratio <br />
| 中末比例<br />
|-<br />
! Extremes of a proportion <br />
| 首尾二率<br />
|-<br />
! Face <br />
| 面<br />
|-<br />
! Factor <br />
| 乘數<br />
|-<br />
! Figure <br />
| 行、圖<br />
|-<br />
! Focus of a conic section <br />
| 心<br />
|-<br />
! Formula <br />
| 法<br />
|-<br />
! Fourth proportional <br />
| 四率<br />
|-<br />
! Fraction <br />
| 分<br />
|-<br />
! Fractional expression <br />
| 分式<br />
|-<br />
! Frustum <br />
| 截圜錐<br />
|-<br />
! Function <br />
| 函數<br />
|-<br />
! General expression <br />
| 公式<br />
|-<br />
! Generate <br />
| 生<br />
|-<br />
! Generating circle <br />
| 母輪<br />
|-<br />
! Generating point <br />
| 母點<br />
|-<br />
! Geometry <br />
| 幾何學<br />
|-<br />
! Given ratio <br />
| 定率<br />
|-<br />
! Great circle <br />
| 大圈<br />
|-<br />
! Greater <br />
| 大<br />
|-<br />
! Hemisphere <br />
| 半球<br />
|-<br />
! Hendecagon <br />
| 十一邊形<br />
|-<br />
! Heptagon <br />
| 七邊形<br />
|-<br />
! Hexagon <br />
| 六邊形<br />
|-<br />
! Hexahedron <br />
| 六面體<br />
|-<br />
! Homogeneous <br />
| 同類<br />
|-<br />
! Homologous <br />
| 相當<br />
|-<br />
! Hypoerbola <br />
| 雙曲線,雙線<br />
|-<br />
! Hyperbolic spiral <br />
| 雙線螺旋<br />
|-<br />
! Hypotheneuse <br />
| 弦<br />
|-<br />
! Icosahedron <br />
| 二十面體<br />
|-<br />
! Implicit function <br />
| 陰函數<br />
|-<br />
! Impossible expression <br />
| 不能式<br />
|-<br />
! Inclination <br />
| 倚度<br />
|-<br />
! Incommensurable <br />
| 無等數<br />
|-<br />
! Increase <br />
| 增<br />
|-<br />
! Increasing function <br />
| 增函數<br />
|-<br />
! Increment <br />
| 長數<br />
|-<br />
! Indefinite <br />
| 無定<br />
|-<br />
! Independent variable <br />
| 自變數<br />
|-<br />
! Indeterminate <br />
| 未定<br />
|-<br />
! Infinite <br />
| 無窮<br />
|-<br />
! Inscribed <br />
| 內切,所容<br />
|-<br />
! Integral <br />
| 積分<br />
|-<br />
! Integral calculus <br />
| 積分學<br />
|-<br />
! Integrate <br />
| 求積分<br />
|-<br />
! Interior <br />
| 裏<br />
|-<br />
! Intersect <br />
| 交<br />
|-<br />
! Intersect at right angles <br />
| 正交<br />
|-<br />
! Inverse circular expression <br />
| 反圜式<br />
|-<br />
! Inverse proportion <br />
| 反比例<br />
|-<br />
! Irrational <br />
| 無比例<br />
|-<br />
! Isolated point <br />
| 特點<br />
|-<br />
! Isosceles triangle <br />
| 二等邊三角形<br />
|-<br />
! Join <br />
| 聯<br />
|-<br />
! Known <br />
| 已知<br />
|-<br />
! Law of continuity <br />
| 漸變之理<br />
|-<br />
! Leg of an angle <br />
| 夾角邊<br />
|-<br />
! Lemma <br />
| 例<br />
|-<br />
! Length <br />
| 長短<br />
|-<br />
! Less <br />
| 小<br />
|-<br />
! Limits <br />
| 限<br />
|-<br />
! Limited <br />
| 有限<br />
|-<br />
! Line <br />
| 線<br />
|-<br />
! Logarithm <br />
| 對數<br />
|-<br />
! Logarithmic curve <br />
| 對數曲線<br />
|-<br />
! Logarithmic spiral <br />
| 對數螺線<br />
|-<br />
! Lowest term <br />
| 最小率<br />
|-<br />
! Maximum <br />
| 極大<br />
|-<br />
! Mean proportion <br />
| 中率<br />
|-<br />
! Means <br />
| 中二率<br />
|-<br />
! Measure <br />
| 度<br />
|-<br />
! Meet <br />
| 遇<br />
|-<br />
! Minimum <br />
| 極小<br />
|-<br />
! Modulus <br />
| 對數根<br />
|-<br />
! Monomial <br />
| 一項式<br />
|-<br />
! Multinomial <br />
| 多項式<br />
|-<br />
! Multiple <br />
| 倍數<br />
|-<br />
! Multiple point <br />
| 倍點<br />
|-<br />
! Multiplicand <br />
| 實<br />
|-<br />
! Multiplication <br />
| 乘法<br />
|-<br />
! Multiplier <br />
| 法<br />
|-<br />
! Multiply <br />
| 乘<br />
|-<br />
! Negative <br />
| 負<br />
|-<br />
! Nonagon <br />
| 九邊形<br />
|-<br />
! Normal <br />
| 法線<br />
|-<br />
! Notation <br />
| 命位,紀法<br />
|-<br />
! Number <br />
| 數<br />
|-<br />
! Numerator <br />
| 分子,子數<br />
|-<br />
! Oblique <br />
| 斜<br />
|-<br />
! Obtuse <br />
| 鈍<br />
|-<br />
! Octagon <br />
| 八邊形<br />
|-<br />
! Octahedron <br />
| 八面體<br />
|-<br />
! Opposite <br />
| 對<br />
|-<br />
! Ordinate <br />
| 縱線<br />
|-<br />
! Origin of coordinate <br />
| 原點<br />
|-<br />
! Parabola <br />
| 拋物線<br />
|-<br />
! Parallel <br />
| 平行<br />
|-<br />
! Parallelogram <br />
| 平行邊形<br />
|-<br />
! Parallelepiped <br />
| 立方體<br />
|-<br />
! Parameter <br />
| 通徑<br />
|-<br />
! Part <br />
| 分,段<br />
|-<br />
! Partial differential <br />
| 偏微分<br />
|-<br />
! Partial differential coefficient <br />
| 偏微係數<br />
|-<br />
! Particular case <br />
| 私式<br />
|-<br />
! Pentagon <br />
| 五邊形<br />
|-<br />
! Perpendicular <br />
| 垂線,股<br />
|-<br />
! Plane <br />
| 平面<br />
|-<br />
! Point <br />
| 點<br />
|-<br />
! Point of contact <br />
| 切點<br />
|-<br />
! Point of inflection <br />
| 彎點<br />
|-<br />
! Point of intersection <br />
| 交點<br />
|-<br />
! Polar curve <br />
| 極曲線<br />
|-<br />
! Polar distance <br />
| 極距<br />
|-<br />
! Pole <br />
| 極<br />
|-<br />
! Polygon <br />
| 多邊形<br />
|-<br />
! Polyhedron <br />
| 多面體<br />
|-<br />
! Polynomial <br />
| 多項式<br />
|-<br />
! Positive <br />
| 正<br />
|-<br />
! Postulate <br />
| 求<br />
|-<br />
! Power <br />
| 方<br />
|-<br />
! Primitive axis <br />
| 舊軸<br />
|-<br />
! Problem <br />
| 題<br />
|-<br />
! Produce <br />
| 引長<br />
|-<br />
! Product <br />
| 得數<br />
|-<br />
! Proportion <br />
| 比例<br />
|-<br />
! Proposition <br />
| 款<br />
|-<br />
! Quadrant <br />
| 象限<br />
|-<br />
! Quadrilateral figure <br />
| 四邊形<br />
|-<br />
! Quadrinomial <br />
| 四項式<br />
|-<br />
! Quam proxime <br />
| 任近<br />
|-<br />
! Quantity <br />
| 幾何<br />
|-<br />
! Question <br />
| 問<br />
|-<br />
! Quindecagon <br />
| 十五邊形<br />
|-<br />
! Quotient <br />
| 得數<br />
|-<br />
! Radius <br />
| 半徑<br />
|-<br />
! Radius vector <br />
| 帶徑<br />
|-<br />
! Ratio <br />
| 率<br />
|-<br />
! Rational expression <br />
| 有比例式<br />
|-<br />
! Reciprocal <br />
| 交互<br />
|-<br />
! Rectangle <br />
| 矩形<br />
|-<br />
! Rectangular <br />
| 正<br />
|-<br />
! Reduce <br />
| 化<br />
|-<br />
! Reduce to a simple form <br />
| 相消<br />
|-<br />
! Regular <br />
| 正<br />
|-<br />
! Relation <br />
| 連屬之理<br />
|-<br />
! Represent <br />
| 顯<br />
|-<br />
! Reverse <br />
| 相反<br />
|-<br />
! Revolution <br />
| 匝<br />
|-<br />
! Right angle <br />
| 直角<br />
|-<br />
! Right-angled triangle <br />
| 勾股形<br />
|-<br />
! Round <br />
| 圜<br />
|-<br />
! Root <br />
| 根<br />
|-<br />
! Root of equation <br />
| 滅數<br />
|-<br />
! Scalene triangle <br />
| 不等邊三角形<br />
|-<br />
! Scholium <br />
| 案<br />
|-<br />
! Secant <br />
| 割線<br />
|-<br />
! Secant (trigonometrical) <br />
| 正割<br />
|-<br />
! Segment <br />
| 截段<br />
|-<br />
! Semicircle <br />
| 半圜周<br />
|-<br />
! Semicubical parabola <br />
| 半立方拋物線<br />
|-<br />
! Semibiquadratic parabola <br />
| 半三乘方拋物線<br />
|-<br />
! Series <br />
| 級數<br />
|-<br />
! Sextant <br />
| 記限<br />
|-<br />
! Side <br />
| 邊<br />
|-<br />
! Sign <br />
| 號<br />
|-<br />
! Similar <br />
| 相似<br />
|-<br />
! Sine <br />
| 正弦<br />
|-<br />
! Singular point <br />
| 獨異點<br />
|-<br />
! Smaller <br />
| 少<br />
|-<br />
! Solid <br />
| 體<br />
|-<br />
! Solidity <br />
| 體積<br />
|-<br />
! Sphere <br />
| 立圜體,球<br />
|-<br />
! Spiral <br />
| 螺線<br />
|-<br />
! Spiral of archimedes <br />
| 亞奇默德螺線<br />
|-<br />
! Square <br />
| 方,正方,冪<br />
|-<br />
! Square root <br />
| 平方根<br />
|-<br />
! Straight line <br />
| 直線<br />
|-<br />
! Subnormal <br />
| 次法線<br />
|-<br />
! Subtangent <br />
| 次切線<br />
|-<br />
! Subtract <br />
| 減<br />
|-<br />
! Subtraction <br />
| 減法<br />
|-<br />
! Sum <br />
| 和<br />
|-<br />
! Supplement <br />
| 外角<br />
|-<br />
! Supplementary chord <br />
| 餘通弦<br />
|-<br />
! Surface <br />
| 面<br />
|-<br />
! Surface of revolution <br />
| 曲面積<br />
|-<br />
! Symbol of quantity <br />
| 元<br />
|-<br />
! Table <br />
| 表<br />
|-<br />
! Tangent <br />
| 切線<br />
|-<br />
! Tangent (trigonometrical) <br />
| 正切<br />
|-<br />
! Term of an expression <br />
| 項<br />
|-<br />
! Term of ratio <br />
| 率<br />
|-<br />
! Tetrahedron <br />
| 四面體<br />
|-<br />
! Theorem <br />
| 術<br />
|-<br />
! Total differential <br />
| 全微分<br />
|-<br />
! Transcendental curve <br />
| 越曲線<br />
|-<br />
! Transcendental expression <br />
| 越式<br />
|-<br />
! Transcendental function <br />
| 越函數<br />
|-<br />
! Transform <br />
| 易<br />
|-<br />
! Transverse axis <br />
| 橫軸,橫徑<br />
|-<br />
! Trapezoid <br />
| 二平行邊四邊形<br />
|-<br />
! Triangle <br />
| 三角形<br />
|-<br />
! Trident <br />
| 三齒線<br />
|-<br />
! Trigonometry <br />
| 三角法<br />
|-<br />
! Trinomial <br />
| 三項式<br />
|-<br />
! Triplicate <br />
| 三倍<br />
|-<br />
! Trisection <br />
| 三等分<br />
|-<br />
! Unequal <br />
| 不等<br />
|-<br />
! Unit <br />
| 一<br />
|-<br />
! Unknown <br />
| 未知<br />
|-<br />
! Unlimited <br />
| 無線<br />
|-<br />
! Value <br />
| 同數<br />
|-<br />
! Variable <br />
| 變數<br />
|-<br />
! Variation <br />
| 變<br />
|-<br />
! Verification <br />
| 證<br />
|-<br />
! Versedsine <br />
| 正矢<br />
|-<br />
! Vertex <br />
| 頂點<br />
|-<br />
! Vertical plane <br />
| 縱面<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== 函数 ==<br />
<br />
<tabber><br />
文言=<br />
在卷十的开头,可以看到那句经典名句:<br />
<br />
{{from|微分之數有二,一曰常數,一曰變數;變數以天地人物等字代之,常數以甲乙子丑等字代之。<br><br>凡式中常數之同數俱不變。如直線之式爲<math>地\xlongequal{\quad}甲天\bot乙</math>,則線之甲與乙,俱僅有一同數任在何點永不變,而天與地之同數則每點皆變也。<br><br>'''凡此變數中函彼變數,則此爲彼之函數。'''<br><br>如直線之式爲<math>地\xlongequal{\quad}甲天\bot乙</math>,則地爲天之函數;又平圜之式爲<math>地\xlongequal{\quad}\sqrt{味^二\top甲^二}</math>,味爲半徑,天爲正弦,地爲餘弦;橢圓之式爲<math>地\xlongequal{\quad}</math>{{sfrac|呷|{{RareChar|𠮙|⿰口乙}}}}<math>\sqrt{二呷天\top天^二}</math>,皆地爲天之函數也。<br><br>設不明顯天之函數,但指地爲天之因變數,則如下式:<math>天\xlongequal{\quad}函(地)</math>,<math>地\xlongequal{\quad}函(天)</math>,此天爲地之函數,亦地爲天之函數。|《代微積拾級·卷十 微分一·例》}}<br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">[[File:Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus (Chinese, 1859, 2).pdf|page=4|300px]][[File:Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus (Chinese, 1859, 2).pdf|page=3|300px]]</div><br />
|-|<br />
English=<br />
原文如下:<br />
{{from|1=A<span style{{=}}"font-size: 0.6rem;>RTICLE</span> (157.) I<span style{{=}}"font-size: 0.6rem;>N</span> the Differential Calculus, as in Analytical Geometry, there are two classes of quantities to be considered, viz., ''variables'' and ''constants''.<br><br>Variable quantities are generally represented by the last letters of the alphabet, ''x'', ''y'', ''z'', etc., and any values may be assigned to them which will satisfy the equations into which they enter.<br><br>Constant quantities are generally represented by the firstletters of the alphabet, ''a'', ''b'', ''c'', etc., and these always retain the same values throughout the same investigation.<br><br>Thus, in the equation of a straight line, <br><div style="text-align: center;"><math>y=ax+b</math>,</div>the quantities a and b have but one value for the same line, while ''x'' and ''y'' vary in value for every point of the line.<br><br>(158.) '''One variable is said to be a ''function'' of another variable, when the first is equal to a certain algebraic expression containing the second.''' Thus, in the equation of a straight line <br><div style="text-align: center;"><math>y=ax+b</math>,</div>''y'' is a function of ''x''. <br><br>So, also, in the equation of a circle, <br><div style="text-align: center;"><math>y=\sqrt{R^2-x^2}</math>;</div>and in the equation of the ellipse, <br><div style="text-align: center;"><math>y=\frac{B}{A}\sqrt{2Ax-x^2}</math>.</div>(159.) When we wish merely to denote that ''y'' is ''dependent'' upon ''x'' for its value, without giving the particular expression which shows the value of ''x'', we employ the notation<br><div style="text-align: center;"><math>y=F(x)</math>, or <math>y=f(x)</math>,<br><span style{{=}}"text-align: left; float: left;">or</span><math>x=F(y)</math>, or <math>x=f(y)</math>,</div>which expressions are read, ''y'' is a function of ''x'', or ''x'' is a function of ''y''.|2=''Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus'', Differential Calculus, Section I, Definitions and First Principles}}<br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">[[File:Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus.pdf|page=124|300px]][[File:Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus.pdf|page=125|300px]]</div><br />
</tabber><br />
<br />
“凡此变数中函彼变数,则此为彼之函数”(One variable is said to be a function of another variable, when the first is equal to a certain algebraic expression containing the second.)这句话,往往被讹传为出现在李善兰另一译作《代数学》中,其实并非如此,出处就是《代微积拾级》。<br />
<br />
== 微分 ==<br />
<br />
<tabber><br />
文言=<br />
同样是卷十,可以看到微分的定义:<br />
<br />
{{from|'''函數與變數之變比例俱謂之微分''',用彳號記之。如 <math>戌\xlongequal{\quad}天^三</math>,則得比例 {{RareChar|𢓍|⿰彳天}} : [[File:Differential u.svg|16px]] <math>:: 一 : 三天^二</math>。{{RareChar|𢓍|⿰彳天}}[[File:Differential u.svg|16px]],爲天與戌之微分。后皆仿此,用表天與戌之變比例。以一四兩率相乘,二三兩率相乘,則得[[File:Differential u.svg|16px]]<math>\xlongequal{\quad}三天^二</math>{{RareChar|𢓍|⿰彳天}}。此顯函數戌之變比例,等于 三天<sup>二</sup> 乘變數天之變比例。以{{RareChar|𢓍|⿰彳天}}約之,得{{sfrac|{{RareChar|𢓍|⿰彳天}}|[[File:Differential u.svg|16px]]}}<math>\xlongequal{\quad}三天^二</math>。此顯變數之變比例,約函數之變比例,等于函數之微係數也。如戌爲天之函數,三天 爲戌之微係數,此舉立方以㮣其餘。|《代微積拾級·卷十 微分一·論函數微分·第二款》}}<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">[[File:Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus (Chinese, 1859, 2).pdf|page=19|300px]][[File:Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus (Chinese, 1859, 2).pdf|page=18|300px]]</div><br />
|-|<br />
English=<br />
原文如下:<br />
{{from|1=(170.) '''The rate of variation of a function or of any variable quantity is called its ''differential''''', and is denoted by the letter ''d'' placed before it. Thus, if<br><div style="text-align: center;"><math>u=x^3</math>,</div>then<br><div style="text-align: center;"><math>dx:du::1:3x^2</math>.</div>The expressions ''dx'', ''du'' are read differential of ''x'', differential of ''u'', and denote the rates of variation of ''x'' and ''u''.<br><br>If we multiply together the extremes and the means of the preceding proportion, we have<br><div style="text-align: center;"><math>du=3x^2dx</math>,</div>which signifies that the rate of increase of the function ''u'' is 3''x''<sup>2</sup> times that of the variable ''x''.<br><br>If we divide each member of the last equation by ''dx'', we have<br><div style="text-align: center;"><math>\frac{du}{dx}=3x^2</math>,</div>which expresses the ratio of the rate of variation of the function to that of the independent variable, and is called the ''differential coefficient'' of ''u'' regarded as a function of ''x''.|2=''Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus'', Differential Calculus, Section I, Differentiation of Algebraic Functions, Proposition II - Theorem}}<br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">[[File:Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus.pdf|page=131|300px]]</div><br />
<br />
注意,时至今日,微分号为了与量区别而记作<math>\mathrm{d}</math>,书中的微分号仍然是斜体<math>d</math>。<br />
<br />
</tabber><br />
<br />
书中所称“Differential Coefficient”,译作“微系数”,今天称作'''导数(Derivative)'''。无论是中英文,这种古老的说法都已很罕见。<br />
<br />
== 积分 ==<br />
<br />
<tabber><br />
文言=<br />
在卷十七,定义了积分:<br />
<br />
{{from|積分爲微分之還原,其法之要,在識別微分所由生之函數。如已得 天<sup>二</sup> 之微分爲 二天{{RareChar|𢓍|⿰彳天}},則有 二天{{RareChar|𢓍|⿰彳天}},即知所由生之函數爲 天<sup>二</sup>,而 天<sup>二</sup> 即爲積分。<br><br>'''已得微分所由生之函數爲積分。'''而積分或有常數附之,或無常數附之,既不能定,故式中恒附以常數,命爲{{RareChar|𠰳|⿰口丙}}。{{RareChar|𠰳|⿰口丙}}或有同數,或爲〇,須攷題乃知。<br><br>來本之視微分,若函數諸小較之一,諸小較并之,即成函數。故微分之左係一禾字,指欲取諸微分之積分也。如下式 禾二天{{RareChar|𢓍|⿰彳天}}<math>\xlongequal{\quad} 天^二 \bot</math>{{RareChar|𠰳|⿰口丙}}。來氏說今西國天算家大率不用,而惟用此禾字,取其一覽了然也。|《代微積拾級·卷十七 積分一·總論》}}<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">[[File:Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus (Chinese, 1859, 3).pdf|page=4|300px]][[File:Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus (Chinese, 1859, 3).pdf|page=3|300px]]</div><br />
|-|<br />
English=<br />
原文如下:<br />
{{from|1=A<span style{{=}}"font-size: 70%;>RTICLE</span> (291.) T<span style{{=}}"font-size: 70%;>HE</span> Integral Calculus is the reverse of the Differential Calculus, its object being to determine the expression or function from which a given differential has been derived.<br><br>Thus we have found that the differential of ''x''<sup>2</sup> is 2''xdx'', therefore, if we have given 2''xdx'', we know that it must have been derived from ''x'', or plus a constant term.<br><br>(292.) '''The function from which the given differential has been derived, is called its ''integral''.''' Hence, as we are not certain whether the integral has a constant quantity or not added to it, we annex a constant quantity represented by C, the value of which is to be determined from the nature of the problem. <br><br>(293.) Leibnitz considered the differentials of functions as indefinitely small differences, and the sum of these indefinitely small differences he regarded as making up the function; hence the letter S was placed before the differential to show that the sum was to be taken. As it was frequently required to place S before a compound expression, it was elongated into the sign ''∫'', which, being placed before a differential, denotes that its integral is to be taken. Thus,<br><div style="text-align: center;"><math>\int 2xdx = x^2+C</math>.</div>This sign ''∫'' is still retained ever by those whu reject the philosophy of Leibnitz. |2=''Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus'', Integral Calculus, Section I, Integration of Monomial Differentials}}<br />
<br />
实际上,书中的积分号仅仅写作<span style="font-family:serif;">''∫''</span>,没有写得像今天的<math>\int</math>那么长。<br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">[[File:Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus.pdf|page=228|300px]]</div><br />
</tabber><br />
<br />
[[分类:数学]]<br />
<br />
{{Study}}</div>
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代微积拾级/卷一
2024-03-10T09:11:17Z
<p>SkyEye FAST:</p>
<hr />
<div>{{DISPLAYTITLE:代微积拾级卷一}}<br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;"><br />
; 米利堅羅米士譔<br />
; 英國&nbsp;&nbsp;偉烈亞力&nbsp;&nbsp;口譯&emsp;&emsp;海寧&nbsp;&nbsp;李善蘭&nbsp;&nbsp;筆述<br />
</div><br />
<br />
== 代数几何一<br>以代数推几何 ==<br />
<br />
凡幾何題理,以代數顯之,簡而易明。代數號益幾何匪淺,故近時西國論幾何諸書恒用之。<br />
<br />
幾何題中用代數之位,覺甚便。準之作圖,能顯題之全,所設所求諸數,俱包其内。法用代數已知未知諸元,代題已知未知諸數。視圖中諸叚有連屬之理者,依幾何諸題理推之,本題有若干未知數,須推得若干代數式。旣有若干式,以代數術馭之,旣得諸數。<br />
<br />
; 設題<br />
* 今有句,有股弦和,求股。<br />
<br />
如圖,呷{{RareChar|𠮙|⿰口乙}}{{RareChar|𠰳|⿰口丙}}句股形,命句呷{{RareChar|𠮙|⿰口乙}}爲乙,股{{RareChar|𠮙|⿰口乙}}{{RareChar|𠰳|⿰口丙}}爲天,股弦和爲申,則弦必爲<math>申\top天</math>。<br />
<br />
依幾何理,<div style="text-align: center;">{{Math|{{Mfrac|呷|{{RareChar|𠮙|⿰口乙}}}}<sup>二</sup>丄{{Mfrac|{{RareChar|𠮙|⿰口乙}}|{{RareChar|𠰳|⿰口丙}}}}<sup>二</sup><math>\xlongequal{\quad}</math>{{Mfrac|呷|{{RareChar|𠰳|⿰口丙}}}}<sup>二</sup>}}</div>代作<div style="text-align: center;"><math>乙^二\bot天^二\xlongequal{\quad}(申\top天)^二\xlongequal{\quad}申^二\top二申天\bot天^二</math>。</div>式两邊各去<math>天^二</math>,則得<div style="text-align: center;"><math>乙^二\xlongequal{\quad}申^二\top二申天</math></div>卽爲<div style="text-align: center;"><math>二申天\xlongequal{\quad}申^二\top乙^二</math>,</div>故得<div style="text-align: center;"><math>天\xlongequal{\quad}\frac{二申}{申^二\top乙^二}</math>,</div>觀此式卽知凡句股形之股,等于股弦和冪内減句冪,以倍股弦和約之之數。如句三尺,股弦和九尺,則<math>\frac{二申}{申^二\top乙^二}</math>卽<math>\frac{二\times九}{九^二\top三^二}</math>等于四,卽股也。<br />
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* 今有三角形之底與中垂綫,求所容正方邊。<br />
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如圖,呷{{RareChar|𠮙|⿰口乙}}{{RareChar|𠰳|⿰口丙}}三角形,呷{{RareChar|𠮙|⿰口乙}}爲底,{{RareChar|𠰳|⿰口丙}}{{RareChar|㖕|⿰口辛}}爲中垂綫,叮{{RareChar|𱒐|⿰口戊}}{{RareChar|𠯇|⿰口己}}{{RareChar|𱓒|⿰口庚}}爲所容正方形。命底爲乙,中垂綫爲辛,方邊爲天,則{{RareChar|𠰳|⿰口丙}}{{RareChar|𠰃|⿰口壬}}必爲<math>辛\top天</math>。{{RareChar|𱓒|⿰口庚}}{{RareChar|𠯇|⿰口己}}與呷{{RareChar|𠮙|⿰口乙}}平行,故依相似三角形之理有比例<div style="text-align: center;">{{Math|{{Mfrac|呷|{{RareChar|𠮙|⿰口乙}}}}:{{Mfrac|{{RareChar|𱓒|⿰口庚}}|{{RareChar|𠯇|⿰口己}}}}::{{Mfrac|{{RareChar|𠰳|⿰口丙}}|{{RareChar|㖕|⿰口辛}}}}:{{Mfrac|{{RareChar|𠰳|⿰口丙}}|{{RareChar|𠰃|⿰口壬}}}}}},</div>代作<div style="text-align: center;"><math>乙:天::辛:辛\top天</math>。</div>凡四率比例,首尾二率相乘等于中二率相乘,故有式<div style="text-align: center;"><math>乙辛\top乙天\xlongequal{\quad}辛天</math>,</div>所以<div style="text-align: center;"><math>天\xlongequal{\quad}\frac{乙\bot辛}{乙辛}</math>,</div>卽知所容正方之邊,等于底與中垂綫相乘,以底垂和約之。如底爲十二尺,中垂綫爲六尺,則得所容方邊四尺。</div>
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代微积拾级/卷一
2024-03-10T08:46:40Z
<p>SkyEye FAST:</p>
<hr />
<div>{{DISPLAYTITLE:代微积拾级卷一}}<br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;"><br />
; 米利堅羅米士譔<br />
; 英國&nbsp;&nbsp;偉烈亞力&nbsp;&nbsp;口譯&emsp;&emsp;海寧&nbsp;&nbsp;李善蘭&nbsp;&nbsp;筆述<br />
</div><br />
<br />
== 代数几何一<br>以代数推几何 ==<br />
<br />
凡幾何題理,以代數顯之,簡而易明。代數號益幾何匪淺,故近時西國論幾何諸書恒用之。<br />
<br />
幾何題中用代數之位,覺甚便。準之作圖,能顯題之全,所設所求諸數,俱包其内。法用代數已知未知諸元,代題已知未知諸數。視圖中諸叚有連屬之理者,依幾何諸題理推之,本題有若干未知數,須推得若干代數式。旣有若干式,以代數術馭之,旣得諸數。<br />
<br />
; 設題<br />
今有句,有股弦和,求股。<br />
<br />
如圖呷{{RareChar|𠮙|⿰口乙}}{{RareChar|𠰳|⿰口丙}}句股形,命句呷{{RareChar|𠮙|⿰口乙}}爲乙,股{{RareChar|𠮙|⿰口乙}}{{RareChar|𠰳|⿰口丙}}爲天,股弦和爲申,則弦必爲申丅天。<br />
<br />
依幾何理,<div style="text-align: center;">{{math|{{Mfrac|呷|{{RareChar|𠮙|⿰口乙}}}}<sup>二</sup>丄{{Mfrac|{{RareChar|𠮙|⿰口乙}}|{{RareChar|𠰳|⿰口丙}}}}<sup>二</sup><math>\xlongequal{\quad}</math>{{Mfrac|呷|{{RareChar|𠰳|⿰口丙}}}}<sup>二</sup>}}</div>代作<div style="text-align: center;"><math>乙^二\bot天^二\xlongequal{\quad}(申\top天)^二\xlongequal{\quad}申^二\top二申天\bot天^二</math></div>式两邊各去<math>天^二</math>,則得<div style="text-align: center;"><math>乙^二\xlongequal{\quad}申^二\top二申天</math></div>卽爲<div style="text-align: center;"><math>二申天\xlongequal{\quad}申^二\top乙^二</math>,</div>故得<div style="text-align: center;"><math>天\xlongequal{\quad}\frac{二申}{申^二\top乙^二}</math>,</div>觀此式卽知凡句股形之股,等于股弦和冪内減句冪,以倍股弦和約之之數。如句三尺,股弦和九尺,則<math>\frac{二申}{申^二\top乙^二}</math>卽<math>\frac{二\times九}{九^二\top三^二}</math>等于四,卽股也。</div>
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代微积拾级
2024-03-10T08:37:07Z
<p>SkyEye FAST:/* 函数 *///Edit via InPageEdit</p>
<hr />
<div>{{tex}}<br />
<br />
{{Book<br />
| author = {{w|伟烈亚力}}口译<br>{{w|李善兰}}笔述<br>{{w|伊莱亚斯·罗密士}}原著<br />
| date = 1859<br />
| date_suffix = ,清咸丰九年(己未)<br>1851(原著)<br />
| press = 墨海书馆<br />
}}<br />
<br />
{{q|米利堅羅密士譔,英國偉烈亞力口譯,海寧李善蘭筆述。|《代微積拾級》}}<br />
<br />
'''《代微积{{ruby|拾|shè}}级》''',由英国汉学家、来华传教士{{w|伟烈亚力}}(Alexander Wylie,1815年4月6日-1887年2月10日)口译,清代数学家{{w|李善兰}}(1811年1月22日-1882年12月9日)笔述;1859年由上海{{w|墨海书馆}}(The London Missionary Society Press)出版。原著为美国数学家{{w|伊莱亚斯·罗密士}}(Elias Loomis,1811年8月7日-1889年8月15日)于1851年出版的'''《解析几何和微积分初步》(''Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus'')'''。<br />
<br />
据考证,李善兰翻译所用的底本,应为1852年再版的版本,而非1851年的初版(内容差别较大)。原著在1874年改版,在此之前有不下20个版次(包括1856年的第6版、1859年的第10版、1864年的第17版、1868年的第19版等),畅销程度可见一斑。<br />
<br />
1872年(明治5年),这本书被福田半译至日文,但书中并未使用李善兰创立的对应符号系统(参见[[#符号]]),而是使用原著的符号。<br />
<br />
需要注意的是,这本书中的定义以今天的眼光来看并不严谨。一方面,当时的微积分学基础并不牢固,(ε, δ)-极限定义还未出现,书中仍然只使用未严格定义的无穷小量来定义概念;另一方面,这本书本身就是入门教材,不应过于晦涩难懂。<br />
<br />
<gallery><br />
Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus (Chinese, 1859, 1).pdf|page=1|代(解析几何)<br />
Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus (Chinese, 1859, 2).pdf|page=1|微(微分)<br />
Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus (Chinese, 1859, 3).pdf|page=1|积(积分)<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
== 作者 ==<br />
<br />
{{from|'''李善蘭,字壬叔,海寧人。諸生。從陳奐受經,於算術好之獨深。'''十歲即通九章,後得測圓海鏡、句股割圜記,學益進。疑割圜法非自然,精思得其理。嘗謂道有一貫,藝亦然。測圓海鏡每題皆有法有草,法者,本題之法也;草者,用立天元一曲折以求本題之法,乃造法之法,法之源也。算術大至躔離交食,細至米鹽瑣碎,其法至繁,以立天元一演之,莫不能得其法。故立天元一者,算學中之一貫也。並時明算如錢塘戴煦,南匯張文虎,烏程徐有壬、汪曰楨,歸安張福僖,皆相友善。咸豐初,客上海,識英吉利偉烈亞力、艾約瑟、韋廉臣三人,偉烈亞力精天算,通華言。善蘭以歐幾里幾何原本十三卷、續二卷,明時譯得六卷,因與偉烈亞力同譯後九卷,西士精通幾何者尟,其第十卷尤玄奧,未易解,譌奪甚多,善蘭筆受時,輒以意匡補。譯成,偉烈亞力歎曰:「西士他日欲得善本,當求諸中國也!」<br><br>'''偉烈亞力又言美國天算名家羅密士嘗取代數、微分、積分合為一書,分款設題,較若列眉,復與善蘭同譯之,名曰代微積拾級十八卷。代數變天元、四元,別為新法,微分、積分二術,又藉徑於代數,實中土未有之奇秘。善蘭隨體剖析自然,得力於海鏡為多。'''<br><br>粵匪陷吳、越,依曾國籓軍中。同治七年,用巡撫郭嵩燾薦,徵入同文館,充算學總教習、總理衙門章京,授戶部郎中、三品卿銜。課同文館生以海鏡,而以代數演之,合中、西為一法,成就甚眾。光緒十年,卒於官,年垂七十。<br><br>善蘭聰彊絕人,其於算,能執理之至簡,馭數至繁,故衍之無不可通之數,抉之即無不可窮之理。所著則古昔齋算學,詳藝文志。世謂梅文鼎悟借根之出天元,善蘭能變四元而為代數,蓋梅氏後一人云。|《清史稿·列傳二百九十四·疇人二》}}<br />
<br />
== 影印本 ==<br />
* [[:File:Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus (Chinese, 1859, 1).pdf|卷一-卷九(解析几何)]]([[Media:Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus (Chinese, 1859, 1).pdf|源文件]])<br />
* [[:File:Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus (Chinese, 1859, 2).pdf|卷十-卷十六(微分)]]([[Media:Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus (Chinese, 1859, 2).pdf|源文件]])<br />
* [[:File:Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus (Chinese, 1859, 3).pdf|卷十七-卷十八(积分)]]([[Media:Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus (Chinese, 1859, 3).pdf|源文件]])<br />
* [[:File:Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus.pdf|英文原著]]([[Media:Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus.pdf|源文件]])<br />
<br />
== 符号 ==<br />
<br />
=== 字母 ===<br />
<br />
[[File:Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus (Chinese, 1859, 1).pdf|page=11|right|thumb|符号表,注意希腊字母{{lang|el|Ρ}}与{{lang|el|Μ}}对应颠倒]]<br />
<br />
在书中,小写{{w|拉丁字母}}以天干(10个)、地支(12个)和物(w)、天(x)、地(y)、人(z)对应;小写{{w|希腊字母}}以{{w|二十八宿}}的前24个对应。大写字母将小写字母对应的汉字左侧加上“口”来表示,即使加上口字旁的字已存在,也按照小写的读音来读(例如小写的v对应“亥”,那么大写的V对应的“咳”也读作hài)。另外还有一些专用的符号单独对应。<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; font-family:serif !important;"<br />
|+ 符号对照表<br />
|-<br />
! ''A''<br />
| {{ruby|呷|jiǎ}}<br />
! ''a''<br />
| 甲<br />
! {{lang|el|Α}}<br />
| {{ruby|唃|jiǎo}}<br />
! {{lang|el|α}}<br />
| {{ruby|角|jiǎo}}<br />
! F<br />
| {{RareChar|{{ruby|㖤|hán}}|⿰口函}}<br />
|-<br />
! ''B''<br />
| {{RareChar|{{ruby|𠮙|yǐ}}|⿰口乙}}<br />
! ''b''<br />
| 乙<br />
! {{lang|el|Β}}<br />
| {{ruby|吭|kàng}}<br />
! {{lang|el|β}}<br />
| {{ruby|亢|kàng}}<br />
! ''f''<br />
| 函<br />
|-<br />
! ''C''<br />
| {{RareChar|{{ruby|𠰳|bǐng}}|⿰口丙}}<br />
! ''c''<br />
| 丙<br />
! {{lang|el|Γ}}<br />
| {{ruby|呧|dǐ}}<br />
! {{lang|el|γ}}<br />
| {{ruby|氐|dǐ}}<br />
! {{lang|el|ϕ}}<br />
| {{RareChar|{{ruby|𭡝|hán}}|⿰扌函}}<br />
|-<br />
! ''D''<br />
| 叮<br />
! ''d''<br />
| 丁<br />
! {{lang|el|Δ}}<br />
| [[File:Uppercase Delta.svg|16px]]<br />
! {{lang|el|δ}}<br />
| 房<br />
! {{lang|el|ψ}}<br />
| 涵<br />
|-<br />
! ''E''<br />
| {{RareChar|{{ruby|𱒐|wù}}|⿰口戊}}<br />
! ''e''<br />
| 戊<br />
! {{lang|el|Ε}}<br />
| {{ruby|吣|xīn}}<br />
|<br />
|<br />
! {{lang|el|M}}<br />
| 根<br />
|-<br />
! ''F''<br />
| {{RareChar|{{ruby|𠯇|jǐ}}|⿰口己}}<br />
! ''f''<br />
| 己<br />
! {{lang|el|Ζ}}<br />
| {{ruby|𠳿|wěi}}<br />
! {{lang|el|ζ}}<br />
| 尾<br />
! {{lang|el|π}}<br />
| 周{{note|group="表注"|指{{w|圆周率}}。}}<br />
|-<br />
! ''G''<br />
| {{RareChar|{{ruby|𱓒|gēng}}|⿰口庚}}<br />
! ''g''<br />
| 庚<br />
! {{lang|el|Η}}<br />
| {{RareChar|{{ruby|𱕍|jī}}|⿰口箕}}<br />
! {{lang|el|η}}<br />
| {{ruby|箕|jī}}<br />
! {{lang|el|ε}}<br />
| {{ruby|訥|nè}}(讷){{note|group="表注"|指{{w|自然常数}},疑似应为e。}}<br />
|-<br />
! ''H''<br />
| {{RareChar|{{ruby|㖕|xīn}}|⿰口辛}}<br />
! ''h''<br />
| 辛<br />
! {{lang|el|Θ}}<br />
| {{ruby|呌|dǒu}}<br />
! {{lang|el|θ}}<br />
| {{ruby|斗|dǒu}}<br />
! ''d''<br />
| {{ruby|彳|wēi}}{{note|group="表注"|音同“微”,指微分号。}}<br />
|-<br />
! ''I''<br />
| {{RareChar|{{ruby|𠰃|rén}}|⿰口壬}}<br />
! ''i''<br />
| 壬<br />
! {{lang|el|Ι}}<br />
| {{ruby|吽|níu}}<br />
! {{lang|el|ι}}<br />
| 牛<br />
! ''∫''<br />
| {{ruby|禾|jī}}{{note|group="表注"|音同“积”,指积分号。}}<br />
|-<br />
! ''J''<br />
| {{RareChar|{{ruby|𱓩|guǐ}}|⿰口癸}}<br />
! ''j''<br />
| 癸<br />
! {{lang|el|Κ}}<br />
| {{ruby|𠯆|nǚ}}<br />
! {{lang|el|κ}}<br />
| 女<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! ''K''<br />
| {{ruby|吇|zǐ}}<br />
! ''k''<br />
| 子<br />
! {{lang|el|Λ}}<br />
| {{ruby|嘘|xū}}<br />
! {{lang|el|λ}}<br />
| 虛<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! ''L''<br />
| {{ruby|吜|choǔ}}<br />
! ''l''<br />
| 丑<br />
! {{lang|el|Μ}}<br />
| {{ruby|𠱓|wēi}}{{note|group="表注"|书中表格与{{lang|el|Ρ}}颠倒。}}<br />
! {{lang|el|μ}}<br />
| 危<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! ''M''<br />
| {{RareChar|{{ruby|𠻤|yín}}|⿰口寅}}<br />
! ''m''<br />
| 寅<br />
! {{lang|el|Ν}}<br />
| {{RareChar|{{ruby|㗌|shì}}|⿰口室}}<br />
! {{lang|el|ν}}<br />
| 室<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! ''N''<br />
| {{RareChar|{{ruby|𠰭|mǎo}}|⿰口卯}}<br />
! ''n''<br />
| 卯<br />
! {{lang|el|Ξ}}<br />
| [[File:Uppercase Xi.svg|16px]]<br />
! {{lang|el|ξ}}<br />
| 壁<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! ''O''<br />
| {{ruby|㖘|chén}}<br />
! ''o''<br />
| 辰<br />
! {{lang|el|Ο}}<br />
| {{ruby|喹|kuí}}<br />
! {{lang|el|ο}}<br />
| 奎<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! ''P''<br />
| {{RareChar|{{ruby|𱒄|sì}}|⿰口巳}}<br />
! ''p''<br />
| 巳<br />
! {{lang|el|Π}}<br />
| {{ruby|嘍|lóu}}(喽)<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! ''Q''<br />
| {{ruby|吘|wǔ}}<br />
! ''q''<br />
| 午<br />
! {{lang|el|Ρ}}<br />
| {{ruby|喟|wèi}}{{note|group="表注"|书中表格与{{lang|el|Μ}}颠倒。}}<br />
! {{lang|el|ρ}}<br />
| 胃<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! ''R''<br />
| 味<br />
! ''r''<br />
| 未<br />
! {{lang|el|Σ}}<br />
| {{RareChar|{{ruby|𭈾|mǎo}}|⿰口昴}}<br />
! {{lang|el|σ}}<br />
| {{ruby|昴|mǎo}}<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! ''S''<br />
| 呻<br />
! ''s''<br />
| 申<br />
! {{lang|el|Τ}}<br />
| {{ruby|嗶|bì}}(哔)<br />
! {{lang|el|τ}}<br />
| 畢(毕)<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! ''T''<br />
| {{ruby|唒|yǒu}}<br />
! ''t''<br />
| 酉<br />
! {{lang|el|Υ}}<br />
| {{ruby|嘴|zī}}<br />
! {{lang|el|υ}}<br />
| {{ruby|觜|zī}}<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! ''U''<br />
| {{RareChar|{{ruby|㖅|xù}}|⿰口戌}}<br />
! ''u''<br />
| 戌<br />
! {{lang|el|Φ}}<br />
| {{ruby|嘇|shēn}}({{RareChar|𰇼|⿰口参}})<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! ''V''<br />
| {{ruby|咳|hài}}<br />
! ''v''<br />
| 亥<br />
! {{lang|el|Χ}}<br />
| {{RareChar|{{ruby|𠯤|jǐn}}|⿰口井}}<br />
! {{lang|el|χ}}<br />
| 井<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! ''W''<br />
| {{RareChar|{{ruby|𭈘|wù}}|⿰口物}}<br />
! ''w''<br />
| 物<br />
! {{lang|el|Ψ}}<br />
| {{ruby|𠺌|guǐ}}<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! ''X''<br />
| {{RareChar|{{ruby|𱒆|tiān}}|⿰口天}}<br />
! ''x''<br />
| 天<br />
! {{lang|el|Ω}}<br />
| [[File:Uppercase Omega.svg|16px]]<br />
! {{lang|el|ω}}<br />
| 柳<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! ''Y''<br />
| {{ruby|哋|dì}}<br />
! ''y''<br />
| 地<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! Z<br />
| {{RareChar|{{ruby|㕥|rén}}|⿰口人}}<br />
! z<br />
| 人<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== 运算符及其他引进符号 ===<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; font-family:serif !important;"<br />
|-<br />
! LaTeX<br />
! HTML<br />
! 说明<br />
|-<br />
! <math>\bot</math>{{note|group="表注"|{{cd|\bot}}}}<br />
! ⊥{{note|group="表注"|U+22A5,{{cd|&amp;bottom;|&amp;bot;|&amp;perp;|&amp;UpTee;|&amp;#8869;}}}}<br />
| 正也,加也{{note|group="表注"|此处并非垂直符号<math>\perp</math>({{cd|\perp}})或⟂(U+27C2,{{cd|&amp;#10178;}})。不使用加号+(U+002B,{{cd|&amp;#plus;|&amp;#43;}})是因为易与汉字数字“十”混淆。此为“上”的古字(丄,U+4E04,{{cd|&amp;#19972;}})。}}<br />
|-<br />
! <math>\top</math>{{note|group="表注"|{{cd|\top}}}}<br />
! ⊤{{note|group="表注"|U+22A4,{{cd|&amp;top;|&amp;DownTee;|&amp;#8868;}}}}<br />
| 負也,減也{{note|group="表注"|不使用减号−(U+2212,{{cd|&amp;minus;|&amp;#8722;}})或连字暨减号-(U+002D,{{cd|&amp;#45;}})是因为易与汉字数字“一”混淆。此为“下”的古字(丅,U+4E05,{{cd|&amp;#19973;}} )。}}<br />
|-<br />
! <math>\times</math>{{note|group="表注"|{{cd|\times}}}}<br />
! ×{{note|group="表注"|U+00D7,{{cd|&amp;times;|&amp;#215;}}}}<br />
| 相乘也<br />
|-<br />
! <math>\div</math>{{note|group="表注"|{{cd|\div}}}}<br />
! ÷{{note|group="表注"|U+00F7,{{cd|&amp;divide;|&amp;#247;}}}}<br />
| 約也,或作<math>-</math><br />
|-<br />
! <math>::::</math> <br />
! ::::<br />
| 四率比例也<br />
|-<br />
! <math>()</math><br />
! ()<br />
| 括諸數為一數也,名曰括弧<br />
|-<br />
! <math>\sqrt{}</math>{{note|group="表注"|{{cd|\sqrt{&#125; }}}}<br />
! √<br />
| 開方根也<br />
|-<br />
! <math>=</math><br />
! =<br />
| 等於{{note|group="表注"|与原符号不同,书中为防止与汉字数字“二”混淆而被拉长。}}<br />
|-<br />
! <math><</math><br />
! <<br />
| 右大於左<br />
|-<br />
! <math>></math><br />
! ><br />
| 左大於右<br />
|-<br />
! <math>0</math><br />
! 0<br />
| 無也<br />
|-<br />
! <math>\infty</math>{{note|group="表注"|{{cd|\infty}}}}<br />
! ∞<br />
| 無窮也<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== 注释 ===<br />
<br />
{{notelist|表注}}<br />
<br />
== 术语 ==<br />
<br />
书中新创了大量术语,其中有很多沿用至今。<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed"<br />
|+ 术语表<br />
! 原文<br />
! 译文<br />
|-<br />
! Abbreviated expression <br />
| 簡式<br />
|-<br />
! Abscissa <br />
| 橫線<br />
|-<br />
! Acute angle <br />
| 銳角<br />
|-<br />
! Add <br />
| 加<br />
|-<br />
! Addition <br />
| 加法<br />
|-<br />
! Adjacent angle <br />
| 旁角<br />
|-<br />
! Algebra <br />
| 代數學<br />
|-<br />
! Algebra curve <br />
| 代數曲線<br />
|-<br />
! Altitude <br />
| 高,股,中垂線<br />
|-<br />
! Anomaly <br />
| 奇式<br />
|-<br />
! Answer <br />
| 答<br />
|-<br />
! Antecedent <br />
| 前{{ruby|率|shuài}}<br />
|-<br />
! Approximation <br />
| 迷率<br />
|-<br />
! Arc <br />
| 弧<br />
|-<br />
! Area <br />
| 面積<br />
|-<br />
! Arithmetic <br />
| 數學<br />
|-<br />
! Asymptote <br />
| 漸近線<br />
|-<br />
! Axiom <br />
| 公論<br />
|-<br />
! Axis <br />
| 軸,軸線<br />
|-<br />
! Axis major <br />
| 長徑,長軸<br />
|-<br />
! Axis minor <br />
| 短徑,短軸<br />
|-<br />
! Axis of abscissas <br />
| 橫軸<br />
|-<br />
! Axis of coordinates <br />
| 總橫軸<br />
|-<br />
! Axis of ordinate <br />
| 縱軸<br />
|-<br />
! Base <br />
| 底,勾<br />
|-<br />
! Binominal <br />
| 二項式<br />
|-<br />
! Binomial theorem <br />
| 合名法<br />
|-<br />
! Biquadratic parabola <br />
| 三乘方拋物線<br />
|-<br />
! Bisect <br />
| 平分<br />
|-<br />
! Brackets <br />
| 括弧<br />
|-<br />
! Center of an ellipse <br />
| 中點<br />
|-<br />
! Chord <br />
| 通弦<br />
|-<br />
! Circle <br />
| 平圜<br />
|-<br />
! Circular expression <br />
| 圜式<br />
|-<br />
! Circumference <br />
| 周<br />
|-<br />
! Circumsoribed <br />
| 外切<br />
|-<br />
! Coefficient <br />
| 係數<br />
|-<br />
! Common algebra expression <br />
| 代數常式<br />
|-<br />
! Coincide <br />
| 合<br />
|-<br />
! Commensurable <br />
| 有等數<br />
|-<br />
! Common <br />
| 公<br />
|-<br />
! Complement <br />
| 餘<br />
|-<br />
! Complementary angle <br />
| 餘角<br />
|-<br />
! Concave <br />
| 凹<br />
|-<br />
! Concentric <br />
| 同心<br />
|-<br />
! Cone <br />
| 圓錐<br />
|-<br />
! Conjugate axis <br />
| 相屬軸<br />
|-<br />
! Conjugate diameter <br />
| 相屬徑<br />
|-<br />
! Conjugate hyperbola <br />
| 相屬雙曲線<br />
|-<br />
! Consequent <br />
| 後率<br />
|-<br />
! Constant <br />
| 常數<br />
|-<br />
! Construct <br />
| 做圖<br />
|-<br />
! Contact <br />
| 切<br />
|-<br />
! Converging series <br />
| 斂級數<br />
|-<br />
! Convex <br />
| 凸<br />
|-<br />
! Coordinates <br />
| 總橫線<br />
|-<br />
! Corollary <br />
| 系<br />
|-<br />
! Cosecant <br />
| 餘割<br />
|-<br />
! Cosine <br />
| 餘弦<br />
|-<br />
! Cotangent <br />
| 餘切<br />
|-<br />
! Coversedsine <br />
| 餘矢<br />
|-<br />
! Cube <br />
| 立方<br />
|-<br />
! Cube root <br />
| 立方根<br />
|-<br />
! Cubical parabola <br />
| 立方根拋物線<br />
|-<br />
! Curvature <br />
| 曲率<br />
|-<br />
! Curve <br />
| 曲線<br />
|-<br />
! Cusp <br />
| 歧點<br />
|-<br />
! Cycloid <br />
| 擺線<br />
|-<br />
! Cylinder <br />
| 圜柱<br />
|-<br />
! Decagon <br />
| 十邊形<br />
|-<br />
! Decrease <br />
| 損<br />
|-<br />
! Decreasing function <br />
| 損函數<br />
|-<br />
! Definition <br />
| 界說<br />
|-<br />
! Degree of an expression <br />
| 次<br />
|-<br />
! Degree of angular measurement <br />
| 度<br />
|-<br />
! Denominator <br />
| 分母,母數<br />
|-<br />
! Dependent variable <br />
| 因變數<br />
|-<br />
! Diagonal <br />
| 對角線<br />
|-<br />
! Diameter <br />
| 徑<br />
|-<br />
! Difference <br />
| 較<br />
|-<br />
! Differential <br />
| 微分<br />
|-<br />
! Differential calculus <br />
| 微分學<br />
|-<br />
! Differential coefficient <br />
| 微係數<br />
|-<br />
! Differentiate <br />
| 求微分<br />
|-<br />
! Direction <br />
| 方向<br />
|-<br />
! Directrix <br />
| 準線<br />
|-<br />
! Distance <br />
| 距線<br />
|-<br />
! Diverging lines <br />
| 漸遠線<br />
|-<br />
! Diverging series <br />
| 發級數<br />
|-<br />
! Divide <br />
| 約<br />
|-<br />
! Dividend <br />
| 實<br />
|-<br />
! Division (absolute) <br />
| 約法<br />
|-<br />
! Division (concrete) <br />
| 除法<br />
|-<br />
! Divisor <br />
| 法<br />
|-<br />
! Dodecahedron <br />
| 十二面體<br />
|-<br />
! Duplicate <br />
| 倍比例<br />
|-<br />
! Edge of polyhedron <br />
| 稜<br />
|-<br />
! Ellipse <br />
| 橢圓<br />
|-<br />
! Equal <br />
| 等<br />
|-<br />
! Equation <br />
| 方程式<br />
|-<br />
! Equation of condition <br />
| 偶方程式<br />
|-<br />
! Equiangular <br />
| 等角<br />
|-<br />
! Equilateral <br />
| 等邊<br />
|-<br />
! Equimultiple <br />
| 等倍數<br />
|-<br />
! Evolute <br />
| 漸申線<br />
|-<br />
! Evolution <br />
| 開方<br />
|-<br />
! Expand <br />
| 詳<br />
|-<br />
! Expansion <br />
| 詳式<br />
|-<br />
! Explicit function <br />
| 陽函數<br />
|-<br />
! Exponent <br />
| 指數<br />
|-<br />
! Expression <br />
| 式<br />
|-<br />
! Extreme and mean ratio <br />
| 中末比例<br />
|-<br />
! Extremes of a proportion <br />
| 首尾二率<br />
|-<br />
! Face <br />
| 面<br />
|-<br />
! Factor <br />
| 乘數<br />
|-<br />
! Figure <br />
| 行、圖<br />
|-<br />
! Focus of a conic section <br />
| 心<br />
|-<br />
! Formula <br />
| 法<br />
|-<br />
! Fourth proportional <br />
| 四率<br />
|-<br />
! Fraction <br />
| 分<br />
|-<br />
! Fractional expression <br />
| 分式<br />
|-<br />
! Frustum <br />
| 截圜錐<br />
|-<br />
! Function <br />
| 函數<br />
|-<br />
! General expression <br />
| 公式<br />
|-<br />
! Generate <br />
| 生<br />
|-<br />
! Generating circle <br />
| 母輪<br />
|-<br />
! Generating point <br />
| 母點<br />
|-<br />
! Geometry <br />
| 幾何學<br />
|-<br />
! Given ratio <br />
| 定率<br />
|-<br />
! Great circle <br />
| 大圈<br />
|-<br />
! Greater <br />
| 大<br />
|-<br />
! Hemisphere <br />
| 半球<br />
|-<br />
! Hendecagon <br />
| 十一邊形<br />
|-<br />
! Heptagon <br />
| 七邊形<br />
|-<br />
! Hexagon <br />
| 六邊形<br />
|-<br />
! Hexahedron <br />
| 六面體<br />
|-<br />
! Homogeneous <br />
| 同類<br />
|-<br />
! Homologous <br />
| 相當<br />
|-<br />
! Hypoerbola <br />
| 雙曲線,雙線<br />
|-<br />
! Hyperbolic spiral <br />
| 雙線螺旋<br />
|-<br />
! Hypotheneuse <br />
| 弦<br />
|-<br />
! Icosahedron <br />
| 二十面體<br />
|-<br />
! Implicit function <br />
| 陰函數<br />
|-<br />
! Impossible expression <br />
| 不能式<br />
|-<br />
! Inclination <br />
| 倚度<br />
|-<br />
! Incommensurable <br />
| 無等數<br />
|-<br />
! Increase <br />
| 增<br />
|-<br />
! Increasing function <br />
| 增函數<br />
|-<br />
! Increment <br />
| 長數<br />
|-<br />
! Indefinite <br />
| 無定<br />
|-<br />
! Independent variable <br />
| 自變數<br />
|-<br />
! Indeterminate <br />
| 未定<br />
|-<br />
! Infinite <br />
| 無窮<br />
|-<br />
! Inscribed <br />
| 內切,所容<br />
|-<br />
! Integral <br />
| 積分<br />
|-<br />
! Integral calculus <br />
| 積分學<br />
|-<br />
! Integrate <br />
| 求積分<br />
|-<br />
! Interior <br />
| 裏<br />
|-<br />
! Intersect <br />
| 交<br />
|-<br />
! Intersect at right angles <br />
| 正交<br />
|-<br />
! Inverse circular expression <br />
| 反圜式<br />
|-<br />
! Inverse proportion <br />
| 反比例<br />
|-<br />
! Irrational <br />
| 無比例<br />
|-<br />
! Isolated point <br />
| 特點<br />
|-<br />
! Isosceles triangle <br />
| 二等邊三角形<br />
|-<br />
! Join <br />
| 聯<br />
|-<br />
! Known <br />
| 已知<br />
|-<br />
! Law of continuity <br />
| 漸變之理<br />
|-<br />
! Leg of an angle <br />
| 夾角邊<br />
|-<br />
! Lemma <br />
| 例<br />
|-<br />
! Length <br />
| 長短<br />
|-<br />
! Less <br />
| 小<br />
|-<br />
! Limits <br />
| 限<br />
|-<br />
! Limited <br />
| 有限<br />
|-<br />
! Line <br />
| 線<br />
|-<br />
! Logarithm <br />
| 對數<br />
|-<br />
! Logarithmic curve <br />
| 對數曲線<br />
|-<br />
! Logarithmic spiral <br />
| 對數螺線<br />
|-<br />
! Lowest term <br />
| 最小率<br />
|-<br />
! Maximum <br />
| 極大<br />
|-<br />
! Mean proportion <br />
| 中率<br />
|-<br />
! Means <br />
| 中二率<br />
|-<br />
! Measure <br />
| 度<br />
|-<br />
! Meet <br />
| 遇<br />
|-<br />
! Minimum <br />
| 極小<br />
|-<br />
! Modulus <br />
| 對數根<br />
|-<br />
! Monomial <br />
| 一項式<br />
|-<br />
! Multinomial <br />
| 多項式<br />
|-<br />
! Multiple <br />
| 倍數<br />
|-<br />
! Multiple point <br />
| 倍點<br />
|-<br />
! Multiplicand <br />
| 實<br />
|-<br />
! Multiplication <br />
| 乘法<br />
|-<br />
! Multiplier <br />
| 法<br />
|-<br />
! Multiply <br />
| 乘<br />
|-<br />
! Negative <br />
| 負<br />
|-<br />
! Nonagon <br />
| 九邊形<br />
|-<br />
! Normal <br />
| 法線<br />
|-<br />
! Notation <br />
| 命位,紀法<br />
|-<br />
! Number <br />
| 數<br />
|-<br />
! Numerator <br />
| 分子,子數<br />
|-<br />
! Oblique <br />
| 斜<br />
|-<br />
! Obtuse <br />
| 鈍<br />
|-<br />
! Octagon <br />
| 八邊形<br />
|-<br />
! Octahedron <br />
| 八面體<br />
|-<br />
! Opposite <br />
| 對<br />
|-<br />
! Ordinate <br />
| 縱線<br />
|-<br />
! Origin of coordinate <br />
| 原點<br />
|-<br />
! Parabola <br />
| 拋物線<br />
|-<br />
! Parallel <br />
| 平行<br />
|-<br />
! Parallelogram <br />
| 平行邊形<br />
|-<br />
! Parallelepiped <br />
| 立方體<br />
|-<br />
! Parameter <br />
| 通徑<br />
|-<br />
! Part <br />
| 分,段<br />
|-<br />
! Partial differential <br />
| 偏微分<br />
|-<br />
! Partial differential coefficient <br />
| 偏微係數<br />
|-<br />
! Particular case <br />
| 私式<br />
|-<br />
! Pentagon <br />
| 五邊形<br />
|-<br />
! Perpendicular <br />
| 垂線,股<br />
|-<br />
! Plane <br />
| 平面<br />
|-<br />
! Point <br />
| 點<br />
|-<br />
! Point of contact <br />
| 切點<br />
|-<br />
! Point of inflection <br />
| 彎點<br />
|-<br />
! Point of intersection <br />
| 交點<br />
|-<br />
! Polar curve <br />
| 極曲線<br />
|-<br />
! Polar distance <br />
| 極距<br />
|-<br />
! Pole <br />
| 極<br />
|-<br />
! Polygon <br />
| 多邊形<br />
|-<br />
! Polyhedron <br />
| 多面體<br />
|-<br />
! Polynomial <br />
| 多項式<br />
|-<br />
! Positive <br />
| 正<br />
|-<br />
! Postulate <br />
| 求<br />
|-<br />
! Power <br />
| 方<br />
|-<br />
! Primitive axis <br />
| 舊軸<br />
|-<br />
! Problem <br />
| 題<br />
|-<br />
! Produce <br />
| 引長<br />
|-<br />
! Product <br />
| 得數<br />
|-<br />
! Proportion <br />
| 比例<br />
|-<br />
! Proposition <br />
| 款<br />
|-<br />
! Quadrant <br />
| 象限<br />
|-<br />
! Quadrilateral figure <br />
| 四邊形<br />
|-<br />
! Quadrinomial <br />
| 四項式<br />
|-<br />
! Quam proxime <br />
| 任近<br />
|-<br />
! Quantity <br />
| 幾何<br />
|-<br />
! Question <br />
| 問<br />
|-<br />
! Quindecagon <br />
| 十五邊形<br />
|-<br />
! Quotient <br />
| 得數<br />
|-<br />
! Radius <br />
| 半徑<br />
|-<br />
! Radius vector <br />
| 帶徑<br />
|-<br />
! Ratio <br />
| 率<br />
|-<br />
! Rational expression <br />
| 有比例式<br />
|-<br />
! Reciprocal <br />
| 交互<br />
|-<br />
! Rectangle <br />
| 矩形<br />
|-<br />
! Rectangular <br />
| 正<br />
|-<br />
! Reduce <br />
| 化<br />
|-<br />
! Reduce to a simple form <br />
| 相消<br />
|-<br />
! Regular <br />
| 正<br />
|-<br />
! Relation <br />
| 連屬之理<br />
|-<br />
! Represent <br />
| 顯<br />
|-<br />
! Reverse <br />
| 相反<br />
|-<br />
! Revolution <br />
| 匝<br />
|-<br />
! Right angle <br />
| 直角<br />
|-<br />
! Right-angled triangle <br />
| 勾股形<br />
|-<br />
! Round <br />
| 圜<br />
|-<br />
! Root <br />
| 根<br />
|-<br />
! Root of equation <br />
| 滅數<br />
|-<br />
! Scalene triangle <br />
| 不等邊三角形<br />
|-<br />
! Scholium <br />
| 案<br />
|-<br />
! Secant <br />
| 割線<br />
|-<br />
! Secant (trigonometrical) <br />
| 正割<br />
|-<br />
! Segment <br />
| 截段<br />
|-<br />
! Semicircle <br />
| 半圜周<br />
|-<br />
! Semicubical parabola <br />
| 半立方拋物線<br />
|-<br />
! Semibiquadratic parabola <br />
| 半三乘方拋物線<br />
|-<br />
! Series <br />
| 級數<br />
|-<br />
! Sextant <br />
| 記限<br />
|-<br />
! Side <br />
| 邊<br />
|-<br />
! Sign <br />
| 號<br />
|-<br />
! Similar <br />
| 相似<br />
|-<br />
! Sine <br />
| 正弦<br />
|-<br />
! Singular point <br />
| 獨異點<br />
|-<br />
! Smaller <br />
| 少<br />
|-<br />
! Solid <br />
| 體<br />
|-<br />
! Solidity <br />
| 體積<br />
|-<br />
! Sphere <br />
| 立圜體,球<br />
|-<br />
! Spiral <br />
| 螺線<br />
|-<br />
! Spiral of archimedes <br />
| 亞奇默德螺線<br />
|-<br />
! Square <br />
| 方,正方,冪<br />
|-<br />
! Square root <br />
| 平方根<br />
|-<br />
! Straight line <br />
| 直線<br />
|-<br />
! Subnormal <br />
| 次法線<br />
|-<br />
! Subtangent <br />
| 次切線<br />
|-<br />
! Subtract <br />
| 減<br />
|-<br />
! Subtraction <br />
| 減法<br />
|-<br />
! Sum <br />
| 和<br />
|-<br />
! Supplement <br />
| 外角<br />
|-<br />
! Supplementary chord <br />
| 餘通弦<br />
|-<br />
! Surface <br />
| 面<br />
|-<br />
! Surface of revolution <br />
| 曲面積<br />
|-<br />
! Symbol of quantity <br />
| 元<br />
|-<br />
! Table <br />
| 表<br />
|-<br />
! Tangent <br />
| 切線<br />
|-<br />
! Tangent (trigonometrical) <br />
| 正切<br />
|-<br />
! Term of an expression <br />
| 項<br />
|-<br />
! Term of ratio <br />
| 率<br />
|-<br />
! Tetrahedron <br />
| 四面體<br />
|-<br />
! Theorem <br />
| 術<br />
|-<br />
! Total differential <br />
| 全微分<br />
|-<br />
! Transcendental curve <br />
| 越曲線<br />
|-<br />
! Transcendental expression <br />
| 越式<br />
|-<br />
! Transcendental function <br />
| 越函數<br />
|-<br />
! Transform <br />
| 易<br />
|-<br />
! Transverse axis <br />
| 橫軸,橫徑<br />
|-<br />
! Trapezoid <br />
| 二平行邊四邊形<br />
|-<br />
! Triangle <br />
| 三角形<br />
|-<br />
! Trident <br />
| 三齒線<br />
|-<br />
! Trigonometry <br />
| 三角法<br />
|-<br />
! Trinomial <br />
| 三項式<br />
|-<br />
! Triplicate <br />
| 三倍<br />
|-<br />
! Trisection <br />
| 三等分<br />
|-<br />
! Unequal <br />
| 不等<br />
|-<br />
! Unit <br />
| 一<br />
|-<br />
! Unknown <br />
| 未知<br />
|-<br />
! Unlimited <br />
| 無線<br />
|-<br />
! Value <br />
| 同數<br />
|-<br />
! Variable <br />
| 變數<br />
|-<br />
! Variation <br />
| 變<br />
|-<br />
! Verification <br />
| 證<br />
|-<br />
! Versedsine <br />
| 正矢<br />
|-<br />
! Vertex <br />
| 頂點<br />
|-<br />
! Vertical plane <br />
| 縱面<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== 函数 ==<br />
<br />
<tabber><br />
文言=<br />
在卷十的开头,可以看到那句经典名句:<br />
<br />
{{from|微分之數有二,一曰常數,一曰變數;變數以天地人物等字代之,常數以甲乙子丑等字代之。<br><br>凡式中常數之同數俱不變。如直線之式爲<math>地\xlongequal{\quad}甲天\bot乙</math>,則線之甲與乙,俱僅有一同數任在何點永不變,而天與地之同數則每點皆變也。<br><br>'''凡此變數中函彼變數,則此爲彼之函數。'''<br><br>如直線之式爲<math>地\xlongequal{\quad}甲天\bot乙</math>,則地爲天之函數;又平圜之式爲<math>地\xlongequal{\quad}\sqrt{味^二\top甲^二}</math>,味爲半徑,天爲正弦,地爲餘弦;橢圓之式爲<math>地\xlongequal{\quad}</math>{{sfrac|呷|{{RareChar|𠮙|⿰口乙}}}}<math>\sqrt{二呷天\top天^二}</math>,皆地爲天之函數也。<br><br>設不明顯天之函數,但指地爲天之因變數,則如下式:<math>天\xlongequal{\quad}函(地)</math>,<math>地\xlongequal{\quad}函(天)</math>,此天爲地之函數,亦地爲天之函數。|《代微積拾級·卷十 微分一·例》}}<br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">[[File:Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus (Chinese, 1859, 2).pdf|page=4|300px]][[File:Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus (Chinese, 1859, 2).pdf|page=3|300px]]</div><br />
|-|<br />
English=<br />
原文如下:<br />
{{from|1=A<span style{{=}}"font-size: 0.6rem;>RTICLE</span> (157.) I<span style{{=}}"font-size: 0.6rem;>N</span> the Differential Calculus, as in Analytical Geometry, there are two classes of quantities to be considered, viz., ''variables'' and ''constants''.<br><br>Variable quantities are generally represented by the last letters of the alphabet, ''x'', ''y'', ''z'', etc., and any values may be assigned to them which will satisfy the equations into which they enter.<br><br>Constant quantities are generally represented by the firstletters of the alphabet, ''a'', ''b'', ''c'', etc., and these always retain the same values throughout the same investigation.<br><br>Thus, in the equation of a straight line, <br><div style="text-align: center;"><math>y=ax+b</math>,</div>the quantities a and b have but one value for the same line, while ''x'' and ''y'' vary in value for every point of the line.<br><br>(158.) '''One variable is said to be a ''function'' of another variable, when the first is equal to a certain algebraic expression containing the second.''' Thus, in the equation of a straight line <br><div style="text-align: center;"><math>y=ax+b</math>,</div>''y'' is a function of ''x''. <br><br>So, also, in the equation of a circle, <br><div style="text-align: center;"><math>y=\sqrt{R^2-x^2}</math>;</div>and in the equation of the ellipse, <br><div style="text-align: center;"><math>y=\frac{B}{A}\sqrt{2Ax-x^2}</math>.</div>(159.) When we wish merely to denote that ''y'' is ''dependent'' upon ''x'' for its value, without giving the particular expression which shows the value of ''x'', we employ the notation<br><div style="text-align: center;"><math>y=F(x)</math>, or <math>y=f(x)</math>,<br><span style{{=}}"text-align: left; float: left;">or</span><math>x=F(y)</math>, or <math>x=f(y)</math>,</div>which expressions are read, ''y'' is a function of ''x'', or ''x'' is a function of ''y''.|2=''Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus'', Differential Calculus, Section I, Definitions and First Principles}}<br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">[[File:Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus.pdf|page=124|300px]][[File:Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus.pdf|page=125|300px]]</div><br />
</tabber><br />
<br />
“凡此变数中函彼变数,则此为彼之函数”(One variable is said to be a function of another variable, when the first is equal to a certain algebraic expression containing the second.)这句话,往往被讹传为出现在李善兰另一译作《代数学》中,其实并非如此,出处就是《代微积拾级》。<br />
<br />
== 微分 ==<br />
<br />
<tabber><br />
文言=<br />
同样是卷十,可以看到微分的定义:<br />
<br />
{{from|'''函數與變數之變比例俱謂之微分''',用彳號記之。如 <math>戌\xlongequal{\quad}天^三</math>,則得比例 {{RareChar|𢓍|⿰彳天}} : [[File:Differential u.svg|16px]] <math>:: 一 : 三天^二</math>。{{RareChar|𢓍|⿰彳天}}[[File:Differential u.svg|16px]],爲天與戌之微分。后皆仿此,用表天與戌之變比例。以一四兩率相乘,二三兩率相乘,則得[[File:Differential u.svg|16px]]<math>\xlongequal{\quad}三天^二</math>{{RareChar|𢓍|⿰彳天}}。此顯函數戌之變比例,等于 三天<sup>二</sup> 乘變數天之變比例。以{{RareChar|𢓍|⿰彳天}}約之,得{{sfrac|{{RareChar|𢓍|⿰彳天}}|[[File:Differential u.svg|16px]]}}<math>\xlongequal{\quad}三天^二</math>。此顯變數之變比例,約函數之變比例,等于函數之微係數也。如戌爲天之函數,三天 爲戌之微係數,此舉立方以㮣其餘。|《代微積拾級·卷十 微分一·論函數微分·第二款》}}<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">[[File:Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus (Chinese, 1859, 2).pdf|page=19|300px]][[File:Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus (Chinese, 1859, 2).pdf|page=18|300px]]</div><br />
|-|<br />
English=<br />
原文如下:<br />
{{from|1=(170.) '''The rate of variation of a function or of any variable quantity is called its ''differential''''', and is denoted by the letter ''d'' placed before it. Thus, if<br><div style="text-align: center;"><math>u=x^3</math>,</div>then<br><div style="text-align: center;"><math>dx:du::1:3x^2</math>.</div>The expressions ''dx'', ''du'' are read differential of ''x'', differential of ''u'', and denote the rates of variation of ''x'' and ''u''.<br><br>If we multiply together the extremes and the means of the preceding proportion, we have<br><div style="text-align: center;"><math>du=3x^2dx</math>,</div>which signifies that the rate of increase of the function ''u'' is 3''x''<sup>2</sup> times that of the variable ''x''.<br><br>If we divide each member of the last equation by ''dx'', we have<br><div style="text-align: center;"><math>\frac{du}{dx}=3x^2</math>,</div>which expresses the ratio of the rate of variation of the function to that of the independent variable, and is called the ''differential coefficient'' of ''u'' regarded as a function of ''x''.|2=''Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus'', Differential Calculus, Section I, Differentiation of Algebraic Functions, Proposition II - Theorem}}<br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">[[File:Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus.pdf|page=131|300px]]</div><br />
<br />
注意,时至今日,微分号为了与量区别而记作<math>\mathrm{d}</math>,书中的微分号仍然是斜体<math>d</math>。<br />
<br />
</tabber><br />
<br />
书中所称“Differential Coefficient”,译作“微系数”,今天称作'''导数(Derivative)'''。无论是中英文,这种古老的说法都已很罕见。<br />
<br />
== 积分 ==<br />
<br />
<tabber><br />
文言=<br />
在卷十七,定义了积分:<br />
<br />
{{from|積分爲微分之還原,其法之要,在識別微分所由生之函數。如已得 天<sup>二</sup> 之微分爲 二天{{RareChar|𢓍|⿰彳天}},則有 二天{{RareChar|𢓍|⿰彳天}},即知所由生之函數爲 天<sup>二</sup>,而 天<sup>二</sup> 即爲積分。<br><br>'''已得微分所由生之函數爲積分。'''而積分或有常數附之,或無常數附之,既不能定,故式中恒附以常數,命爲{{RareChar|𠰳|⿰口丙}}。{{RareChar|𠰳|⿰口丙}}或有同數,或爲〇,須攷題乃知。<br><br>來本之視微分,若函數諸小較之一,諸小較并之,即成函數。故微分之左係一禾字,指欲取諸微分之積分也。如下式 禾二天{{RareChar|𢓍|⿰彳天}}<math>\xlongequal{\quad} 天^二 \bot</math>{{RareChar|𠰳|⿰口丙}}。來氏說今西國天算家大率不用,而惟用此禾字,取其一覽了然也。|《代微積拾級·卷十七 積分一·總論》}}<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">[[File:Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus (Chinese, 1859, 3).pdf|page=4|300px]][[File:Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus (Chinese, 1859, 3).pdf|page=3|300px]]</div><br />
|-|<br />
English=<br />
原文如下:<br />
{{from|1=A<span style{{=}}"font-size: 70%;>RTICLE</span> (291.) T<span style{{=}}"font-size: 70%;>HE</span> Integral Calculus is the reverse of the Differential Calculus, its object being to determine the expression or function from which a given differential has been derived.<br><br>Thus we have found that the differential of ''x''<sup>2</sup> is 2''xdx'', therefore, if we have given 2''xdx'', we know that it must have been derived from ''x'', or plus a constant term.<br><br>(292.) '''The function from which the given differential has been derived, is called its ''integral''.''' Hence, as we are not certain whether the integral has a constant quantity or not added to it, we annex a constant quantity represented by C, the value of which is to be determined from the nature of the problem. <br><br>(293.) Leibnitz considered the differentials of functions as indefinitely small differences, and the sum of these indefinitely small differences he regarded as making up the function; hence the letter S was placed before the differential to show that the sum was to be taken. As it was frequently required to place S before a compound expression, it was elongated into the sign ''∫'', which, being placed before a differential, denotes that its integral is to be taken. Thus,<br><div style="text-align: center;"><math>\int 2xdx = x^2+C</math>.</div>This sign ''∫'' is still retained ever by those whu reject the philosophy of Leibnitz. |2=''Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus'', Integral Calculus, Section I, Integration of Monomial Differentials}}<br />
<br />
实际上,书中的积分号仅仅写作<span style="font-family:serif;">''∫''</span>,没有写得像今天的<math>\int</math>那么长。<br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">[[File:Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus.pdf|page=228|300px]]</div><br />
</tabber><br />
<br />
[[分类:数学]]<br />
<br />
{{Study}}</div>
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代微积拾级
2024-03-10T08:35:41Z
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<hr />
<div>{{tex}}<br />
<br />
{{Book<br />
| author = {{w|伟烈亚力}}口译<br>{{w|李善兰}}笔述<br>{{w|伊莱亚斯·罗密士}}原著<br />
| date = 1859<br />
| date_suffix = ,清咸丰九年(己未)<br>1851(原著)<br />
| press = 墨海书馆<br />
}}<br />
<br />
{{q|米利堅羅密士譔,英國偉烈亞力口譯,海寧李善蘭筆述。|《代微積拾級》}}<br />
<br />
'''《代微积{{ruby|拾|shè}}级》''',由英国汉学家、来华传教士{{w|伟烈亚力}}(Alexander Wylie,1815年4月6日-1887年2月10日)口译,清代数学家{{w|李善兰}}(1811年1月22日-1882年12月9日)笔述;1859年由上海{{w|墨海书馆}}(The London Missionary Society Press)出版。原著为美国数学家{{w|伊莱亚斯·罗密士}}(Elias Loomis,1811年8月7日-1889年8月15日)于1851年出版的'''《解析几何和微积分初步》(''Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus'')'''。<br />
<br />
据考证,李善兰翻译所用的底本,应为1852年再版的版本,而非1851年的初版(内容差别较大)。原著在1874年改版,在此之前有不下20个版次(包括1856年的第6版、1859年的第10版、1864年的第17版、1868年的第19版等),畅销程度可见一斑。<br />
<br />
1872年(明治5年),这本书被福田半译至日文,但书中并未使用李善兰创立的对应符号系统(参见[[#符号]]),而是使用原著的符号。<br />
<br />
需要注意的是,这本书中的定义以今天的眼光来看并不严谨。一方面,当时的微积分学基础并不牢固,(ε, δ)-极限定义还未出现,书中仍然只使用未严格定义的无穷小量来定义概念;另一方面,这本书本身就是入门教材,不应过于晦涩难懂。<br />
<br />
<gallery><br />
Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus (Chinese, 1859, 1).pdf|page=1|代(解析几何)<br />
Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus (Chinese, 1859, 2).pdf|page=1|微(微分)<br />
Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus (Chinese, 1859, 3).pdf|page=1|积(积分)<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
== 作者 ==<br />
<br />
{{from|'''李善蘭,字壬叔,海寧人。諸生。從陳奐受經,於算術好之獨深。'''十歲即通九章,後得測圓海鏡、句股割圜記,學益進。疑割圜法非自然,精思得其理。嘗謂道有一貫,藝亦然。測圓海鏡每題皆有法有草,法者,本題之法也;草者,用立天元一曲折以求本題之法,乃造法之法,法之源也。算術大至躔離交食,細至米鹽瑣碎,其法至繁,以立天元一演之,莫不能得其法。故立天元一者,算學中之一貫也。並時明算如錢塘戴煦,南匯張文虎,烏程徐有壬、汪曰楨,歸安張福僖,皆相友善。咸豐初,客上海,識英吉利偉烈亞力、艾約瑟、韋廉臣三人,偉烈亞力精天算,通華言。善蘭以歐幾里幾何原本十三卷、續二卷,明時譯得六卷,因與偉烈亞力同譯後九卷,西士精通幾何者尟,其第十卷尤玄奧,未易解,譌奪甚多,善蘭筆受時,輒以意匡補。譯成,偉烈亞力歎曰:「西士他日欲得善本,當求諸中國也!」<br><br>'''偉烈亞力又言美國天算名家羅密士嘗取代數、微分、積分合為一書,分款設題,較若列眉,復與善蘭同譯之,名曰代微積拾級十八卷。代數變天元、四元,別為新法,微分、積分二術,又藉徑於代數,實中土未有之奇秘。善蘭隨體剖析自然,得力於海鏡為多。'''<br><br>粵匪陷吳、越,依曾國籓軍中。同治七年,用巡撫郭嵩燾薦,徵入同文館,充算學總教習、總理衙門章京,授戶部郎中、三品卿銜。課同文館生以海鏡,而以代數演之,合中、西為一法,成就甚眾。光緒十年,卒於官,年垂七十。<br><br>善蘭聰彊絕人,其於算,能執理之至簡,馭數至繁,故衍之無不可通之數,抉之即無不可窮之理。所著則古昔齋算學,詳藝文志。世謂梅文鼎悟借根之出天元,善蘭能變四元而為代數,蓋梅氏後一人云。|《清史稿·列傳二百九十四·疇人二》}}<br />
<br />
== 影印本 ==<br />
* [[:File:Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus (Chinese, 1859, 1).pdf|卷一-卷九(解析几何)]]([[Media:Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus (Chinese, 1859, 1).pdf|源文件]])<br />
* [[:File:Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus (Chinese, 1859, 2).pdf|卷十-卷十六(微分)]]([[Media:Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus (Chinese, 1859, 2).pdf|源文件]])<br />
* [[:File:Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus (Chinese, 1859, 3).pdf|卷十七-卷十八(积分)]]([[Media:Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus (Chinese, 1859, 3).pdf|源文件]])<br />
* [[:File:Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus.pdf|英文原著]]([[Media:Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus.pdf|源文件]])<br />
<br />
== 符号 ==<br />
<br />
=== 字母 ===<br />
<br />
[[File:Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus (Chinese, 1859, 1).pdf|page=11|right|thumb|符号表,注意希腊字母{{lang|el|Ρ}}与{{lang|el|Μ}}对应颠倒]]<br />
<br />
在书中,小写{{w|拉丁字母}}以天干(10个)、地支(12个)和物(w)、天(x)、地(y)、人(z)对应;小写{{w|希腊字母}}以{{w|二十八宿}}的前24个对应。大写字母将小写字母对应的汉字左侧加上“口”来表示,即使加上口字旁的字已存在,也按照小写的读音来读(例如小写的v对应“亥”,那么大写的V对应的“咳”也读作hài)。另外还有一些专用的符号单独对应。<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; font-family:serif !important;"<br />
|+ 符号对照表<br />
|-<br />
! ''A''<br />
| {{ruby|呷|jiǎ}}<br />
! ''a''<br />
| 甲<br />
! {{lang|el|Α}}<br />
| {{ruby|唃|jiǎo}}<br />
! {{lang|el|α}}<br />
| {{ruby|角|jiǎo}}<br />
! F<br />
| {{RareChar|{{ruby|㖤|hán}}|⿰口函}}<br />
|-<br />
! ''B''<br />
| {{RareChar|{{ruby|𠮙|yǐ}}|⿰口乙}}<br />
! ''b''<br />
| 乙<br />
! {{lang|el|Β}}<br />
| {{ruby|吭|kàng}}<br />
! {{lang|el|β}}<br />
| {{ruby|亢|kàng}}<br />
! ''f''<br />
| 函<br />
|-<br />
! ''C''<br />
| {{RareChar|{{ruby|𠰳|bǐng}}|⿰口丙}}<br />
! ''c''<br />
| 丙<br />
! {{lang|el|Γ}}<br />
| {{ruby|呧|dǐ}}<br />
! {{lang|el|γ}}<br />
| {{ruby|氐|dǐ}}<br />
! {{lang|el|ϕ}}<br />
| {{RareChar|{{ruby|𭡝|hán}}|⿰扌函}}<br />
|-<br />
! ''D''<br />
| 叮<br />
! ''d''<br />
| 丁<br />
! {{lang|el|Δ}}<br />
| [[File:Uppercase Delta.svg|16px]]<br />
! {{lang|el|δ}}<br />
| 房<br />
! {{lang|el|ψ}}<br />
| 涵<br />
|-<br />
! ''E''<br />
| {{RareChar|{{ruby|𱒐|wù}}|⿰口戊}}<br />
! ''e''<br />
| 戊<br />
! {{lang|el|Ε}}<br />
| {{ruby|吣|xīn}}<br />
|<br />
|<br />
! {{lang|el|M}}<br />
| 根<br />
|-<br />
! ''F''<br />
| {{RareChar|{{ruby|𠯇|jǐ}}|⿰口己}}<br />
! ''f''<br />
| 己<br />
! {{lang|el|Ζ}}<br />
| {{ruby|𠳿|wěi}}<br />
! {{lang|el|ζ}}<br />
| 尾<br />
! {{lang|el|π}}<br />
| 周{{note|group="表注"|指{{w|圆周率}}。}}<br />
|-<br />
! ''G''<br />
| {{RareChar|{{ruby|𱓒|gēng}}|⿰口庚}}<br />
! ''g''<br />
| 庚<br />
! {{lang|el|Η}}<br />
| {{RareChar|{{ruby|𱕍|jī}}|⿰口箕}}<br />
! {{lang|el|η}}<br />
| {{ruby|箕|jī}}<br />
! {{lang|el|ε}}<br />
| {{ruby|訥|nè}}(讷){{note|group="表注"|指{{w|自然常数}},疑似应为e。}}<br />
|-<br />
! ''H''<br />
| {{RareChar|{{ruby|㖕|xīn}}|⿰口辛}}<br />
! ''h''<br />
| 辛<br />
! {{lang|el|Θ}}<br />
| {{ruby|呌|dǒu}}<br />
! {{lang|el|θ}}<br />
| {{ruby|斗|dǒu}}<br />
! ''d''<br />
| {{ruby|彳|wēi}}{{note|group="表注"|音同“微”,指微分号。}}<br />
|-<br />
! ''I''<br />
| {{RareChar|{{ruby|𠰃|rén}}|⿰口壬}}<br />
! ''i''<br />
| 壬<br />
! {{lang|el|Ι}}<br />
| {{ruby|吽|níu}}<br />
! {{lang|el|ι}}<br />
| 牛<br />
! ''∫''<br />
| {{ruby|禾|jī}}{{note|group="表注"|音同“积”,指积分号。}}<br />
|-<br />
! ''J''<br />
| {{RareChar|{{ruby|𱓩|guǐ}}|⿰口癸}}<br />
! ''j''<br />
| 癸<br />
! {{lang|el|Κ}}<br />
| {{ruby|𠯆|nǚ}}<br />
! {{lang|el|κ}}<br />
| 女<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! ''K''<br />
| {{ruby|吇|zǐ}}<br />
! ''k''<br />
| 子<br />
! {{lang|el|Λ}}<br />
| {{ruby|嘘|xū}}<br />
! {{lang|el|λ}}<br />
| 虛<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! ''L''<br />
| {{ruby|吜|choǔ}}<br />
! ''l''<br />
| 丑<br />
! {{lang|el|Μ}}<br />
| {{ruby|𠱓|wēi}}{{note|group="表注"|书中表格与{{lang|el|Ρ}}颠倒。}}<br />
! {{lang|el|μ}}<br />
| 危<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! ''M''<br />
| {{RareChar|{{ruby|𠻤|yín}}|⿰口寅}}<br />
! ''m''<br />
| 寅<br />
! {{lang|el|Ν}}<br />
| {{RareChar|{{ruby|㗌|shì}}|⿰口室}}<br />
! {{lang|el|ν}}<br />
| 室<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! ''N''<br />
| {{RareChar|{{ruby|𠰭|mǎo}}|⿰口卯}}<br />
! ''n''<br />
| 卯<br />
! {{lang|el|Ξ}}<br />
| [[File:Uppercase Xi.svg|16px]]<br />
! {{lang|el|ξ}}<br />
| 壁<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! ''O''<br />
| {{ruby|㖘|chén}}<br />
! ''o''<br />
| 辰<br />
! {{lang|el|Ο}}<br />
| {{ruby|喹|kuí}}<br />
! {{lang|el|ο}}<br />
| 奎<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! ''P''<br />
| {{RareChar|{{ruby|𱒄|sì}}|⿰口巳}}<br />
! ''p''<br />
| 巳<br />
! {{lang|el|Π}}<br />
| {{ruby|嘍|lóu}}(喽)<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! ''Q''<br />
| {{ruby|吘|wǔ}}<br />
! ''q''<br />
| 午<br />
! {{lang|el|Ρ}}<br />
| {{ruby|喟|wèi}}{{note|group="表注"|书中表格与{{lang|el|Μ}}颠倒。}}<br />
! {{lang|el|ρ}}<br />
| 胃<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! ''R''<br />
| 味<br />
! ''r''<br />
| 未<br />
! {{lang|el|Σ}}<br />
| {{RareChar|{{ruby|𭈾|mǎo}}|⿰口昴}}<br />
! {{lang|el|σ}}<br />
| {{ruby|昴|mǎo}}<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! ''S''<br />
| 呻<br />
! ''s''<br />
| 申<br />
! {{lang|el|Τ}}<br />
| {{ruby|嗶|bì}}(哔)<br />
! {{lang|el|τ}}<br />
| 畢(毕)<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! ''T''<br />
| {{ruby|唒|yǒu}}<br />
! ''t''<br />
| 酉<br />
! {{lang|el|Υ}}<br />
| {{ruby|嘴|zī}}<br />
! {{lang|el|υ}}<br />
| {{ruby|觜|zī}}<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! ''U''<br />
| {{RareChar|{{ruby|㖅|xù}}|⿰口戌}}<br />
! ''u''<br />
| 戌<br />
! {{lang|el|Φ}}<br />
| {{ruby|嘇|shēn}}({{RareChar|𰇼|⿰口参}})<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! ''V''<br />
| {{ruby|咳|hài}}<br />
! ''v''<br />
| 亥<br />
! {{lang|el|Χ}}<br />
| {{RareChar|{{ruby|𠯤|jǐn}}|⿰口井}}<br />
! {{lang|el|χ}}<br />
| 井<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! ''W''<br />
| {{RareChar|{{ruby|𭈘|wù}}|⿰口物}}<br />
! ''w''<br />
| 物<br />
! {{lang|el|Ψ}}<br />
| {{ruby|𠺌|guǐ}}<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! ''X''<br />
| {{RareChar|{{ruby|𱒆|tiān}}|⿰口天}}<br />
! ''x''<br />
| 天<br />
! {{lang|el|Ω}}<br />
| [[File:Uppercase Omega.svg|16px]]<br />
! {{lang|el|ω}}<br />
| 柳<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! ''Y''<br />
| {{ruby|哋|dì}}<br />
! ''y''<br />
| 地<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! Z<br />
| {{RareChar|{{ruby|㕥|rén}}|⿰口人}}<br />
! z<br />
| 人<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== 运算符及其他引进符号 ===<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; font-family:serif !important;"<br />
|-<br />
! LaTeX<br />
! HTML<br />
! 说明<br />
|-<br />
! <math>\bot</math>{{note|group="表注"|{{cd|\bot}}}}<br />
! ⊥{{note|group="表注"|U+22A5,{{cd|&amp;bottom;|&amp;bot;|&amp;perp;|&amp;UpTee;|&amp;#8869;}}}}<br />
| 正也,加也{{note|group="表注"|此处并非垂直符号<math>\perp</math>({{cd|\perp}})或⟂(U+27C2,{{cd|&amp;#10178;}})。不使用加号+(U+002B,{{cd|&amp;#plus;|&amp;#43;}})是因为易与汉字数字“十”混淆。此为“上”的古字(丄,U+4E04,{{cd|&amp;#19972;}})。}}<br />
|-<br />
! <math>\top</math>{{note|group="表注"|{{cd|\top}}}}<br />
! ⊤{{note|group="表注"|U+22A4,{{cd|&amp;top;|&amp;DownTee;|&amp;#8868;}}}}<br />
| 負也,減也{{note|group="表注"|不使用减号−(U+2212,{{cd|&amp;minus;|&amp;#8722;}})或连字暨减号-(U+002D,{{cd|&amp;#45;}})是因为易与汉字数字“一”混淆。此为“下”的古字(丅,U+4E05,{{cd|&amp;#19973;}} )。}}<br />
|-<br />
! <math>\times</math>{{note|group="表注"|{{cd|\times}}}}<br />
! ×{{note|group="表注"|U+00D7,{{cd|&amp;times;|&amp;#215;}}}}<br />
| 相乘也<br />
|-<br />
! <math>\div</math>{{note|group="表注"|{{cd|\div}}}}<br />
! ÷{{note|group="表注"|U+00F7,{{cd|&amp;divide;|&amp;#247;}}}}<br />
| 約也,或作<math>-</math><br />
|-<br />
! <math>::::</math> <br />
! ::::<br />
| 四率比例也<br />
|-<br />
! <math>()</math><br />
! ()<br />
| 括諸數為一數也,名曰括弧<br />
|-<br />
! <math>\sqrt{}</math>{{note|group="表注"|{{cd|\sqrt{&#125; }}}}<br />
! √<br />
| 開方根也<br />
|-<br />
! <math>=</math><br />
! =<br />
| 等於{{note|group="表注"|与原符号不同,书中为防止与汉字数字“二”混淆而被拉长。}}<br />
|-<br />
! <math><</math><br />
! <<br />
| 右大於左<br />
|-<br />
! <math>></math><br />
! ><br />
| 左大於右<br />
|-<br />
! <math>0</math><br />
! 0<br />
| 無也<br />
|-<br />
! <math>\infty</math>{{note|group="表注"|{{cd|\infty}}}}<br />
! ∞<br />
| 無窮也<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== 注释 ===<br />
<br />
{{notelist|表注}}<br />
<br />
== 术语 ==<br />
<br />
书中新创了大量术语,其中有很多沿用至今。<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed"<br />
|+ 术语表<br />
! 原文<br />
! 译文<br />
|-<br />
! Abbreviated expression <br />
| 簡式<br />
|-<br />
! Abscissa <br />
| 橫線<br />
|-<br />
! Acute angle <br />
| 銳角<br />
|-<br />
! Add <br />
| 加<br />
|-<br />
! Addition <br />
| 加法<br />
|-<br />
! Adjacent angle <br />
| 旁角<br />
|-<br />
! Algebra <br />
| 代數學<br />
|-<br />
! Algebra curve <br />
| 代數曲線<br />
|-<br />
! Altitude <br />
| 高,股,中垂線<br />
|-<br />
! Anomaly <br />
| 奇式<br />
|-<br />
! Answer <br />
| 答<br />
|-<br />
! Antecedent <br />
| 前{{ruby|率|shuài}}<br />
|-<br />
! Approximation <br />
| 迷率<br />
|-<br />
! Arc <br />
| 弧<br />
|-<br />
! Area <br />
| 面積<br />
|-<br />
! Arithmetic <br />
| 數學<br />
|-<br />
! Asymptote <br />
| 漸近線<br />
|-<br />
! Axiom <br />
| 公論<br />
|-<br />
! Axis <br />
| 軸,軸線<br />
|-<br />
! Axis major <br />
| 長徑,長軸<br />
|-<br />
! Axis minor <br />
| 短徑,短軸<br />
|-<br />
! Axis of abscissas <br />
| 橫軸<br />
|-<br />
! Axis of coordinates <br />
| 總橫軸<br />
|-<br />
! Axis of ordinate <br />
| 縱軸<br />
|-<br />
! Base <br />
| 底,勾<br />
|-<br />
! Binominal <br />
| 二項式<br />
|-<br />
! Binomial theorem <br />
| 合名法<br />
|-<br />
! Biquadratic parabola <br />
| 三乘方拋物線<br />
|-<br />
! Bisect <br />
| 平分<br />
|-<br />
! Brackets <br />
| 括弧<br />
|-<br />
! Center of an ellipse <br />
| 中點<br />
|-<br />
! Chord <br />
| 通弦<br />
|-<br />
! Circle <br />
| 平圜<br />
|-<br />
! Circular expression <br />
| 圜式<br />
|-<br />
! Circumference <br />
| 周<br />
|-<br />
! Circumsoribed <br />
| 外切<br />
|-<br />
! Coefficient <br />
| 係數<br />
|-<br />
! Common algebra expression <br />
| 代數常式<br />
|-<br />
! Coincide <br />
| 合<br />
|-<br />
! Commensurable <br />
| 有等數<br />
|-<br />
! Common <br />
| 公<br />
|-<br />
! Complement <br />
| 餘<br />
|-<br />
! Complementary angle <br />
| 餘角<br />
|-<br />
! Concave <br />
| 凹<br />
|-<br />
! Concentric <br />
| 同心<br />
|-<br />
! Cone <br />
| 圓錐<br />
|-<br />
! Conjugate axis <br />
| 相屬軸<br />
|-<br />
! Conjugate diameter <br />
| 相屬徑<br />
|-<br />
! Conjugate hyperbola <br />
| 相屬雙曲線<br />
|-<br />
! Consequent <br />
| 後率<br />
|-<br />
! Constant <br />
| 常數<br />
|-<br />
! Construct <br />
| 做圖<br />
|-<br />
! Contact <br />
| 切<br />
|-<br />
! Converging series <br />
| 斂級數<br />
|-<br />
! Convex <br />
| 凸<br />
|-<br />
! Coordinates <br />
| 總橫線<br />
|-<br />
! Corollary <br />
| 系<br />
|-<br />
! Cosecant <br />
| 餘割<br />
|-<br />
! Cosine <br />
| 餘弦<br />
|-<br />
! Cotangent <br />
| 餘切<br />
|-<br />
! Coversedsine <br />
| 餘矢<br />
|-<br />
! Cube <br />
| 立方<br />
|-<br />
! Cube root <br />
| 立方根<br />
|-<br />
! Cubical parabola <br />
| 立方根拋物線<br />
|-<br />
! Curvature <br />
| 曲率<br />
|-<br />
! Curve <br />
| 曲線<br />
|-<br />
! Cusp <br />
| 歧點<br />
|-<br />
! Cycloid <br />
| 擺線<br />
|-<br />
! Cylinder <br />
| 圜柱<br />
|-<br />
! Decagon <br />
| 十邊形<br />
|-<br />
! Decrease <br />
| 損<br />
|-<br />
! Decreasing function <br />
| 損函數<br />
|-<br />
! Definition <br />
| 界說<br />
|-<br />
! Degree of an expression <br />
| 次<br />
|-<br />
! Degree of angular measurement <br />
| 度<br />
|-<br />
! Denominator <br />
| 分母,母數<br />
|-<br />
! Dependent variable <br />
| 因變數<br />
|-<br />
! Diagonal <br />
| 對角線<br />
|-<br />
! Diameter <br />
| 徑<br />
|-<br />
! Difference <br />
| 較<br />
|-<br />
! Differential <br />
| 微分<br />
|-<br />
! Differential calculus <br />
| 微分學<br />
|-<br />
! Differential coefficient <br />
| 微係數<br />
|-<br />
! Differentiate <br />
| 求微分<br />
|-<br />
! Direction <br />
| 方向<br />
|-<br />
! Directrix <br />
| 準線<br />
|-<br />
! Distance <br />
| 距線<br />
|-<br />
! Diverging lines <br />
| 漸遠線<br />
|-<br />
! Diverging series <br />
| 發級數<br />
|-<br />
! Divide <br />
| 約<br />
|-<br />
! Dividend <br />
| 實<br />
|-<br />
! Division (absolute) <br />
| 約法<br />
|-<br />
! Division (concrete) <br />
| 除法<br />
|-<br />
! Divisor <br />
| 法<br />
|-<br />
! Dodecahedron <br />
| 十二面體<br />
|-<br />
! Duplicate <br />
| 倍比例<br />
|-<br />
! Edge of polyhedron <br />
| 稜<br />
|-<br />
! Ellipse <br />
| 橢圓<br />
|-<br />
! Equal <br />
| 等<br />
|-<br />
! Equation <br />
| 方程式<br />
|-<br />
! Equation of condition <br />
| 偶方程式<br />
|-<br />
! Equiangular <br />
| 等角<br />
|-<br />
! Equilateral <br />
| 等邊<br />
|-<br />
! Equimultiple <br />
| 等倍數<br />
|-<br />
! Evolute <br />
| 漸申線<br />
|-<br />
! Evolution <br />
| 開方<br />
|-<br />
! Expand <br />
| 詳<br />
|-<br />
! Expansion <br />
| 詳式<br />
|-<br />
! Explicit function <br />
| 陽函數<br />
|-<br />
! Exponent <br />
| 指數<br />
|-<br />
! Expression <br />
| 式<br />
|-<br />
! Extreme and mean ratio <br />
| 中末比例<br />
|-<br />
! Extremes of a proportion <br />
| 首尾二率<br />
|-<br />
! Face <br />
| 面<br />
|-<br />
! Factor <br />
| 乘數<br />
|-<br />
! Figure <br />
| 行、圖<br />
|-<br />
! Focus of a conic section <br />
| 心<br />
|-<br />
! Formula <br />
| 法<br />
|-<br />
! Fourth proportional <br />
| 四率<br />
|-<br />
! Fraction <br />
| 分<br />
|-<br />
! Fractional expression <br />
| 分式<br />
|-<br />
! Frustum <br />
| 截圜錐<br />
|-<br />
! Function <br />
| 函數<br />
|-<br />
! General expression <br />
| 公式<br />
|-<br />
! Generate <br />
| 生<br />
|-<br />
! Generating circle <br />
| 母輪<br />
|-<br />
! Generating point <br />
| 母點<br />
|-<br />
! Geometry <br />
| 幾何學<br />
|-<br />
! Given ratio <br />
| 定率<br />
|-<br />
! Great circle <br />
| 大圈<br />
|-<br />
! Greater <br />
| 大<br />
|-<br />
! Hemisphere <br />
| 半球<br />
|-<br />
! Hendecagon <br />
| 十一邊形<br />
|-<br />
! Heptagon <br />
| 七邊形<br />
|-<br />
! Hexagon <br />
| 六邊形<br />
|-<br />
! Hexahedron <br />
| 六面體<br />
|-<br />
! Homogeneous <br />
| 同類<br />
|-<br />
! Homologous <br />
| 相當<br />
|-<br />
! Hypoerbola <br />
| 雙曲線,雙線<br />
|-<br />
! Hyperbolic spiral <br />
| 雙線螺旋<br />
|-<br />
! Hypotheneuse <br />
| 弦<br />
|-<br />
! Icosahedron <br />
| 二十面體<br />
|-<br />
! Implicit function <br />
| 陰函數<br />
|-<br />
! Impossible expression <br />
| 不能式<br />
|-<br />
! Inclination <br />
| 倚度<br />
|-<br />
! Incommensurable <br />
| 無等數<br />
|-<br />
! Increase <br />
| 增<br />
|-<br />
! Increasing function <br />
| 增函數<br />
|-<br />
! Increment <br />
| 長數<br />
|-<br />
! Indefinite <br />
| 無定<br />
|-<br />
! Independent variable <br />
| 自變數<br />
|-<br />
! Indeterminate <br />
| 未定<br />
|-<br />
! Infinite <br />
| 無窮<br />
|-<br />
! Inscribed <br />
| 內切,所容<br />
|-<br />
! Integral <br />
| 積分<br />
|-<br />
! Integral calculus <br />
| 積分學<br />
|-<br />
! Integrate <br />
| 求積分<br />
|-<br />
! Interior <br />
| 裏<br />
|-<br />
! Intersect <br />
| 交<br />
|-<br />
! Intersect at right angles <br />
| 正交<br />
|-<br />
! Inverse circular expression <br />
| 反圜式<br />
|-<br />
! Inverse proportion <br />
| 反比例<br />
|-<br />
! Irrational <br />
| 無比例<br />
|-<br />
! Isolated point <br />
| 特點<br />
|-<br />
! Isosceles triangle <br />
| 二等邊三角形<br />
|-<br />
! Join <br />
| 聯<br />
|-<br />
! Known <br />
| 已知<br />
|-<br />
! Law of continuity <br />
| 漸變之理<br />
|-<br />
! Leg of an angle <br />
| 夾角邊<br />
|-<br />
! Lemma <br />
| 例<br />
|-<br />
! Length <br />
| 長短<br />
|-<br />
! Less <br />
| 小<br />
|-<br />
! Limits <br />
| 限<br />
|-<br />
! Limited <br />
| 有限<br />
|-<br />
! Line <br />
| 線<br />
|-<br />
! Logarithm <br />
| 對數<br />
|-<br />
! Logarithmic curve <br />
| 對數曲線<br />
|-<br />
! Logarithmic spiral <br />
| 對數螺線<br />
|-<br />
! Lowest term <br />
| 最小率<br />
|-<br />
! Maximum <br />
| 極大<br />
|-<br />
! Mean proportion <br />
| 中率<br />
|-<br />
! Means <br />
| 中二率<br />
|-<br />
! Measure <br />
| 度<br />
|-<br />
! Meet <br />
| 遇<br />
|-<br />
! Minimum <br />
| 極小<br />
|-<br />
! Modulus <br />
| 對數根<br />
|-<br />
! Monomial <br />
| 一項式<br />
|-<br />
! Multinomial <br />
| 多項式<br />
|-<br />
! Multiple <br />
| 倍數<br />
|-<br />
! Multiple point <br />
| 倍點<br />
|-<br />
! Multiplicand <br />
| 實<br />
|-<br />
! Multiplication <br />
| 乘法<br />
|-<br />
! Multiplier <br />
| 法<br />
|-<br />
! Multiply <br />
| 乘<br />
|-<br />
! Negative <br />
| 負<br />
|-<br />
! Nonagon <br />
| 九邊形<br />
|-<br />
! Normal <br />
| 法線<br />
|-<br />
! Notation <br />
| 命位,紀法<br />
|-<br />
! Number <br />
| 數<br />
|-<br />
! Numerator <br />
| 分子,子數<br />
|-<br />
! Oblique <br />
| 斜<br />
|-<br />
! Obtuse <br />
| 鈍<br />
|-<br />
! Octagon <br />
| 八邊形<br />
|-<br />
! Octahedron <br />
| 八面體<br />
|-<br />
! Opposite <br />
| 對<br />
|-<br />
! Ordinate <br />
| 縱線<br />
|-<br />
! Origin of coordinate <br />
| 原點<br />
|-<br />
! Parabola <br />
| 拋物線<br />
|-<br />
! Parallel <br />
| 平行<br />
|-<br />
! Parallelogram <br />
| 平行邊形<br />
|-<br />
! Parallelepiped <br />
| 立方體<br />
|-<br />
! Parameter <br />
| 通徑<br />
|-<br />
! Part <br />
| 分,段<br />
|-<br />
! Partial differential <br />
| 偏微分<br />
|-<br />
! Partial differential coefficient <br />
| 偏微係數<br />
|-<br />
! Particular case <br />
| 私式<br />
|-<br />
! Pentagon <br />
| 五邊形<br />
|-<br />
! Perpendicular <br />
| 垂線,股<br />
|-<br />
! Plane <br />
| 平面<br />
|-<br />
! Point <br />
| 點<br />
|-<br />
! Point of contact <br />
| 切點<br />
|-<br />
! Point of inflection <br />
| 彎點<br />
|-<br />
! Point of intersection <br />
| 交點<br />
|-<br />
! Polar curve <br />
| 極曲線<br />
|-<br />
! Polar distance <br />
| 極距<br />
|-<br />
! Pole <br />
| 極<br />
|-<br />
! Polygon <br />
| 多邊形<br />
|-<br />
! Polyhedron <br />
| 多面體<br />
|-<br />
! Polynomial <br />
| 多項式<br />
|-<br />
! Positive <br />
| 正<br />
|-<br />
! Postulate <br />
| 求<br />
|-<br />
! Power <br />
| 方<br />
|-<br />
! Primitive axis <br />
| 舊軸<br />
|-<br />
! Problem <br />
| 題<br />
|-<br />
! Produce <br />
| 引長<br />
|-<br />
! Product <br />
| 得數<br />
|-<br />
! Proportion <br />
| 比例<br />
|-<br />
! Proposition <br />
| 款<br />
|-<br />
! Quadrant <br />
| 象限<br />
|-<br />
! Quadrilateral figure <br />
| 四邊形<br />
|-<br />
! Quadrinomial <br />
| 四項式<br />
|-<br />
! Quam proxime <br />
| 任近<br />
|-<br />
! Quantity <br />
| 幾何<br />
|-<br />
! Question <br />
| 問<br />
|-<br />
! Quindecagon <br />
| 十五邊形<br />
|-<br />
! Quotient <br />
| 得數<br />
|-<br />
! Radius <br />
| 半徑<br />
|-<br />
! Radius vector <br />
| 帶徑<br />
|-<br />
! Ratio <br />
| 率<br />
|-<br />
! Rational expression <br />
| 有比例式<br />
|-<br />
! Reciprocal <br />
| 交互<br />
|-<br />
! Rectangle <br />
| 矩形<br />
|-<br />
! Rectangular <br />
| 正<br />
|-<br />
! Reduce <br />
| 化<br />
|-<br />
! Reduce to a simple form <br />
| 相消<br />
|-<br />
! Regular <br />
| 正<br />
|-<br />
! Relation <br />
| 連屬之理<br />
|-<br />
! Represent <br />
| 顯<br />
|-<br />
! Reverse <br />
| 相反<br />
|-<br />
! Revolution <br />
| 匝<br />
|-<br />
! Right angle <br />
| 直角<br />
|-<br />
! Right-angled triangle <br />
| 勾股形<br />
|-<br />
! Round <br />
| 圜<br />
|-<br />
! Root <br />
| 根<br />
|-<br />
! Root of equation <br />
| 滅數<br />
|-<br />
! Scalene triangle <br />
| 不等邊三角形<br />
|-<br />
! Scholium <br />
| 案<br />
|-<br />
! Secant <br />
| 割線<br />
|-<br />
! Secant (trigonometrical) <br />
| 正割<br />
|-<br />
! Segment <br />
| 截段<br />
|-<br />
! Semicircle <br />
| 半圜周<br />
|-<br />
! Semicubical parabola <br />
| 半立方拋物線<br />
|-<br />
! Semibiquadratic parabola <br />
| 半三乘方拋物線<br />
|-<br />
! Series <br />
| 級數<br />
|-<br />
! Sextant <br />
| 記限<br />
|-<br />
! Side <br />
| 邊<br />
|-<br />
! Sign <br />
| 號<br />
|-<br />
! Similar <br />
| 相似<br />
|-<br />
! Sine <br />
| 正弦<br />
|-<br />
! Singular point <br />
| 獨異點<br />
|-<br />
! Smaller <br />
| 少<br />
|-<br />
! Solid <br />
| 體<br />
|-<br />
! Solidity <br />
| 體積<br />
|-<br />
! Sphere <br />
| 立圜體,球<br />
|-<br />
! Spiral <br />
| 螺線<br />
|-<br />
! Spiral of archimedes <br />
| 亞奇默德螺線<br />
|-<br />
! Square <br />
| 方,正方,冪<br />
|-<br />
! Square root <br />
| 平方根<br />
|-<br />
! Straight line <br />
| 直線<br />
|-<br />
! Subnormal <br />
| 次法線<br />
|-<br />
! Subtangent <br />
| 次切線<br />
|-<br />
! Subtract <br />
| 減<br />
|-<br />
! Subtraction <br />
| 減法<br />
|-<br />
! Sum <br />
| 和<br />
|-<br />
! Supplement <br />
| 外角<br />
|-<br />
! Supplementary chord <br />
| 餘通弦<br />
|-<br />
! Surface <br />
| 面<br />
|-<br />
! Surface of revolution <br />
| 曲面積<br />
|-<br />
! Symbol of quantity <br />
| 元<br />
|-<br />
! Table <br />
| 表<br />
|-<br />
! Tangent <br />
| 切線<br />
|-<br />
! Tangent (trigonometrical) <br />
| 正切<br />
|-<br />
! Term of an expression <br />
| 項<br />
|-<br />
! Term of ratio <br />
| 率<br />
|-<br />
! Tetrahedron <br />
| 四面體<br />
|-<br />
! Theorem <br />
| 術<br />
|-<br />
! Total differential <br />
| 全微分<br />
|-<br />
! Transcendental curve <br />
| 越曲線<br />
|-<br />
! Transcendental expression <br />
| 越式<br />
|-<br />
! Transcendental function <br />
| 越函數<br />
|-<br />
! Transform <br />
| 易<br />
|-<br />
! Transverse axis <br />
| 橫軸,橫徑<br />
|-<br />
! Trapezoid <br />
| 二平行邊四邊形<br />
|-<br />
! Triangle <br />
| 三角形<br />
|-<br />
! Trident <br />
| 三齒線<br />
|-<br />
! Trigonometry <br />
| 三角法<br />
|-<br />
! Trinomial <br />
| 三項式<br />
|-<br />
! Triplicate <br />
| 三倍<br />
|-<br />
! Trisection <br />
| 三等分<br />
|-<br />
! Unequal <br />
| 不等<br />
|-<br />
! Unit <br />
| 一<br />
|-<br />
! Unknown <br />
| 未知<br />
|-<br />
! Unlimited <br />
| 無線<br />
|-<br />
! Value <br />
| 同數<br />
|-<br />
! Variable <br />
| 變數<br />
|-<br />
! Variation <br />
| 變<br />
|-<br />
! Verification <br />
| 證<br />
|-<br />
! Versedsine <br />
| 正矢<br />
|-<br />
! Vertex <br />
| 頂點<br />
|-<br />
! Vertical plane <br />
| 縱面<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== 函数 ==<br />
<br />
<tabber><br />
文言=<br />
在卷十的开头,可以看到那句经典名句:<br />
<br />
{{from|微分之數有二,一曰常數,一曰變數;變數以天地人物等字代之,常數以甲乙子丑等字代之。<br><br>凡式中常數之同數俱不變。如直線之式爲<math>地\xlongequal{\quad}甲天\bot乙</math>,則線之甲與乙,俱僅有一同數任在何點永不變,而天與地之同數則每點皆變也。<br><br>'''凡此變數中函彼變數,則此爲彼之函數。'''<br><br>如直線之式爲<math>地\xlongequal{\quad}甲天\bot乙</math>,則地爲天之函數;又平圜之式爲<math>地\xlongequal{\quad}\sqrt{味^二\top甲^二}</math>,味爲半徑,天爲正弦,地爲餘弦;橢圓之式爲<math>地\xlongequal{\quad}</math>{{sfrac|呷|{{RareChar|𠮙|⿰口乙}}}}<math>\sqrt{二呷天\top天^二}</math>,皆地爲天之函數也。<br><br>設不明顯天之函數,但指地爲天之因變數,則如下式<math>天\xlongequal{\quad}函(地) \ 地\xlongequal{\quad}函(天)</math>,此天爲地之函數,亦地爲天之函數。|《代微積拾級·卷十 微分一·例》}}<br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">[[File:Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus (Chinese, 1859, 2).pdf|page=4|300px]][[File:Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus (Chinese, 1859, 2).pdf|page=3|300px]]</div><br />
|-|<br />
English=<br />
原文如下:<br />
{{from|1=A<span style{{=}}"font-size: 0.6rem;>RTICLE</span> (157.) I<span style{{=}}"font-size: 0.6rem;>N</span> the Differential Calculus, as in Analytical Geometry, there are two classes of quantities to be considered, viz., ''variables'' and ''constants''.<br><br>Variable quantities are generally represented by the last letters of the alphabet, ''x'', ''y'', ''z'', etc., and any values may be assigned to them which will satisfy the equations into which they enter.<br><br>Constant quantities are generally represented by the firstletters of the alphabet, ''a'', ''b'', ''c'', etc., and these always retain the same values throughout the same investigation.<br><br>Thus, in the equation of a straight line, <br><div style="text-align: center;"><math>y=ax+b</math>,</div>the quantities a and b have but one value for the same line, while ''x'' and ''y'' vary in value for every point of the line.<br><br>(158.) '''One variable is said to be a ''function'' of another variable, when the first is equal to a certain algebraic expression containing the second.''' Thus, in the equation of a straight line <br><div style="text-align: center;"><math>y=ax+b</math>,</div>''y'' is a function of ''x''. <br><br>So, also, in the equation of a circle, <br><div style="text-align: center;"><math>y=\sqrt{R^2-x^2}</math>;</div>and in the equation of the ellipse, <br><div style="text-align: center;"><math>y=\frac{B}{A}\sqrt{2Ax-x^2}</math>.</div>(159.) When we wish merely to denote that ''y'' is ''dependent'' upon ''x'' for its value, without giving the particular expression which shows the value of ''x'', we employ the notation<br><div style="text-align: center;"><math>y=F(x)</math>, or <math>y=f(x)</math>,<br><span style{{=}}"text-align: left; float: left;">or</span><math>x=F(y)</math>, or <math>x=f(y)</math>,</div>which expressions are read, ''y'' is a function of ''x'', or ''x'' is a function of ''y''.|2=''Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus'', Differential Calculus, Section I, Definitions and First Principles}}<br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">[[File:Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus.pdf|page=124|300px]][[File:Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus.pdf|page=125|300px]]</div><br />
</tabber><br />
<br />
“凡此变数中函彼变数,则此为彼之函数”(One variable is said to be a function of another variable, when the first is equal to a certain algebraic expression containing the second.)这句话,往往被讹传为出现在李善兰另一译作《代数学》中,其实并非如此,出处就是《代微积拾级》。<br />
<br />
== 微分 ==<br />
<br />
<tabber><br />
文言=<br />
同样是卷十,可以看到微分的定义:<br />
<br />
{{from|'''函數與變數之變比例俱謂之微分''',用彳號記之。如 <math>戌\xlongequal{\quad}天^三</math>,則得比例 {{RareChar|𢓍|⿰彳天}} : [[File:Differential u.svg|16px]] <math>:: 一 : 三天^二</math>。{{RareChar|𢓍|⿰彳天}}[[File:Differential u.svg|16px]],爲天與戌之微分。后皆仿此,用表天與戌之變比例。以一四兩率相乘,二三兩率相乘,則得[[File:Differential u.svg|16px]]<math>\xlongequal{\quad}三天^二</math>{{RareChar|𢓍|⿰彳天}}。此顯函數戌之變比例,等于 三天<sup>二</sup> 乘變數天之變比例。以{{RareChar|𢓍|⿰彳天}}約之,得{{sfrac|{{RareChar|𢓍|⿰彳天}}|[[File:Differential u.svg|16px]]}}<math>\xlongequal{\quad}三天^二</math>。此顯變數之變比例,約函數之變比例,等于函數之微係數也。如戌爲天之函數,三天 爲戌之微係數,此舉立方以㮣其餘。|《代微積拾級·卷十 微分一·論函數微分·第二款》}}<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">[[File:Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus (Chinese, 1859, 2).pdf|page=19|300px]][[File:Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus (Chinese, 1859, 2).pdf|page=18|300px]]</div><br />
|-|<br />
English=<br />
原文如下:<br />
{{from|1=(170.) '''The rate of variation of a function or of any variable quantity is called its ''differential''''', and is denoted by the letter ''d'' placed before it. Thus, if<br><div style="text-align: center;"><math>u=x^3</math>,</div>then<br><div style="text-align: center;"><math>dx:du::1:3x^2</math>.</div>The expressions ''dx'', ''du'' are read differential of ''x'', differential of ''u'', and denote the rates of variation of ''x'' and ''u''.<br><br>If we multiply together the extremes and the means of the preceding proportion, we have<br><div style="text-align: center;"><math>du=3x^2dx</math>,</div>which signifies that the rate of increase of the function ''u'' is 3''x''<sup>2</sup> times that of the variable ''x''.<br><br>If we divide each member of the last equation by ''dx'', we have<br><div style="text-align: center;"><math>\frac{du}{dx}=3x^2</math>,</div>which expresses the ratio of the rate of variation of the function to that of the independent variable, and is called the ''differential coefficient'' of ''u'' regarded as a function of ''x''.|2=''Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus'', Differential Calculus, Section I, Differentiation of Algebraic Functions, Proposition II - Theorem}}<br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">[[File:Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus.pdf|page=131|300px]]</div><br />
<br />
注意,时至今日,微分号为了与量区别而记作<math>\mathrm{d}</math>,书中的微分号仍然是斜体<math>d</math>。<br />
<br />
</tabber><br />
<br />
书中所称“Differential Coefficient”,译作“微系数”,今天称作'''导数(Derivative)'''。无论是中英文,这种古老的说法都已很罕见。<br />
<br />
== 积分 ==<br />
<br />
<tabber><br />
文言=<br />
在卷十七,定义了积分:<br />
<br />
{{from|積分爲微分之還原,其法之要,在識別微分所由生之函數。如已得 天<sup>二</sup> 之微分爲 二天{{RareChar|𢓍|⿰彳天}},則有 二天{{RareChar|𢓍|⿰彳天}},即知所由生之函數爲 天<sup>二</sup>,而 天<sup>二</sup> 即爲積分。<br><br>'''已得微分所由生之函數爲積分。'''而積分或有常數附之,或無常數附之,既不能定,故式中恒附以常數,命爲{{RareChar|𠰳|⿰口丙}}。{{RareChar|𠰳|⿰口丙}}或有同數,或爲〇,須攷題乃知。<br><br>來本之視微分,若函數諸小較之一,諸小較并之,即成函數。故微分之左係一禾字,指欲取諸微分之積分也。如下式 禾二天{{RareChar|𢓍|⿰彳天}}<math>\xlongequal{\quad} 天^二 \bot</math>{{RareChar|𠰳|⿰口丙}}。來氏說今西國天算家大率不用,而惟用此禾字,取其一覽了然也。|《代微積拾級·卷十七 積分一·總論》}}<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">[[File:Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus (Chinese, 1859, 3).pdf|page=4|300px]][[File:Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus (Chinese, 1859, 3).pdf|page=3|300px]]</div><br />
|-|<br />
English=<br />
原文如下:<br />
{{from|1=A<span style{{=}}"font-size: 70%;>RTICLE</span> (291.) T<span style{{=}}"font-size: 70%;>HE</span> Integral Calculus is the reverse of the Differential Calculus, its object being to determine the expression or function from which a given differential has been derived.<br><br>Thus we have found that the differential of ''x''<sup>2</sup> is 2''xdx'', therefore, if we have given 2''xdx'', we know that it must have been derived from ''x'', or plus a constant term.<br><br>(292.) '''The function from which the given differential has been derived, is called its ''integral''.''' Hence, as we are not certain whether the integral has a constant quantity or not added to it, we annex a constant quantity represented by C, the value of which is to be determined from the nature of the problem. <br><br>(293.) Leibnitz considered the differentials of functions as indefinitely small differences, and the sum of these indefinitely small differences he regarded as making up the function; hence the letter S was placed before the differential to show that the sum was to be taken. As it was frequently required to place S before a compound expression, it was elongated into the sign ''∫'', which, being placed before a differential, denotes that its integral is to be taken. Thus,<br><div style="text-align: center;"><math>\int 2xdx = x^2+C</math>.</div>This sign ''∫'' is still retained ever by those whu reject the philosophy of Leibnitz. |2=''Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus'', Integral Calculus, Section I, Integration of Monomial Differentials}}<br />
<br />
实际上,书中的积分号仅仅写作<span style="font-family:serif;">''∫''</span>,没有写得像今天的<math>\int</math>那么长。<br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">[[File:Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus.pdf|page=228|300px]]</div><br />
</tabber><br />
<br />
[[分类:数学]]<br />
<br />
{{Study}}</div>
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vertical-align: -0.5em;<br />
font-size: 85%;<br />
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代微积拾级/卷一
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<p>SkyEye FAST:创建页面,内容为“{{DISPLAYTITLE:代微积拾级卷一}} <div style="text-align: center;"> ; 米利堅羅米士譔 ; 英國&nbsp;&nbsp;偉烈亞力&nbsp;&nbsp;口譯&emsp;&emsp;海寧&nbsp;&nbsp;李善蘭&nbsp;&nbsp;筆述 </div> == 代数几何一<br>以代数推几何 == 凡幾何題理,以代數顯之,簡而易明。代數號益幾何匪淺,故近時西國論幾何諸書恒用之。 幾何題中用代數之位,覺甚便。準之作圖,能顯題之全,所設所…”</p>
<hr />
<div>{{DISPLAYTITLE:代微积拾级卷一}}<br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;"><br />
; 米利堅羅米士譔<br />
; 英國&nbsp;&nbsp;偉烈亞力&nbsp;&nbsp;口譯&emsp;&emsp;海寧&nbsp;&nbsp;李善蘭&nbsp;&nbsp;筆述<br />
</div><br />
<br />
== 代数几何一<br>以代数推几何 ==<br />
<br />
凡幾何題理,以代數顯之,簡而易明。代數號益幾何匪淺,故近時西國論幾何諸書恒用之。<br />
<br />
幾何題中用代數之位,覺甚便。準之作圖,能顯題之全,所設所求諸數,俱包其内。法用代數已知未知諸元,代題已知未知諸數。視圖中諸叚有連屬之理者,依幾何諸題理推之,本題有若干未知數,須推得若干代數式。旣有若干式,以代數術馭之,旣得諸數。<br />
<br />
; 設題<br />
今有句,有股弦和,求股。<br />
<br />
如圖呷{{RareChar|𠮙|⿰口乙}}{{RareChar|𠰳|⿰口丙}}句股形,命句呷{{RareChar|𠮙|⿰口乙}}爲乙,股{{RareChar|𠮙|⿰口乙}}{{RareChar|𠰳|⿰口丙}}爲天,股弦和爲申,則弦必爲申丅天。<br />
<br />
依幾何理,</div>
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代微积拾级
2024-03-10T07:24:08Z
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<hr />
<div>{{tex}}<br />
<br />
{{Book<br />
| author = {{w|伟烈亚力}}口译<br>{{w|李善兰}}笔述<br>{{w|伊莱亚斯·罗密士}}原著<br />
| date = 1859<br />
| date_suffix = ,清咸丰九年(己未)<br>1851(原著)<br />
| press = 墨海书馆<br />
}}<br />
<br />
{{q|米利堅羅密士譔,英國偉烈亞力口譯,海寧李善蘭筆述。|《代微積拾級》}}<br />
<br />
'''《代微积{{ruby|拾|shè}}级》''',由英国汉学家、来华传教士{{w|伟烈亚力}}(Alexander Wylie,1815年4月6日-1887年2月10日)口译,清代数学家{{w|李善兰}}(1811年1月22日-1882年12月9日)笔述;1859年由上海{{w|墨海书馆}}(The London Missionary Society Press)出版。原著为美国数学家{{w|伊莱亚斯·罗密士}}(Elias Loomis,1811年8月7日-1889年8月15日)于1851年出版的'''《解析几何和微积分初步》(''Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus'')'''。<br />
<br />
据考证,李善兰翻译所用的底本,应为1852年再版的版本,而非1851年的初版(内容差别较大)。原著在1874年改版,在此之前有不下20个版次(包括1856年的第6版、1859年的第10版、1864年的第17版、1868年的第19版等),畅销程度可见一斑。<br />
<br />
1872年(明治5年),这本书被福田半译至日文,但书中并未使用李善兰创立的对应符号系统(参见[[#符号]]),而是使用原著的符号。<br />
<br />
需要注意的是,这本书中的定义以今天的眼光来看并不严谨。一方面,当时的微积分学基础并不牢固,(ε, δ)-极限定义还未出现,书中仍然只使用未严格定义的无穷小量来定义概念;另一方面,这本书本身就是入门教材,不应过于晦涩难懂。<br />
<br />
<gallery><br />
Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus (Chinese, 1859, 1).pdf|page=1|代(解析几何)<br />
Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus (Chinese, 1859, 2).pdf|page=1|微(微分)<br />
Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus (Chinese, 1859, 3).pdf|page=1|积(积分)<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
== 作者 ==<br />
<br />
{{from|'''李善蘭,字壬叔,海寧人。諸生。從陳奐受經,於算術好之獨深。'''十歲即通九章,後得測圓海鏡、句股割圜記,學益進。疑割圜法非自然,精思得其理。嘗謂道有一貫,藝亦然。測圓海鏡每題皆有法有草,法者,本題之法也;草者,用立天元一曲折以求本題之法,乃造法之法,法之源也。算術大至躔離交食,細至米鹽瑣碎,其法至繁,以立天元一演之,莫不能得其法。故立天元一者,算學中之一貫也。並時明算如錢塘戴煦,南匯張文虎,烏程徐有壬、汪曰楨,歸安張福僖,皆相友善。咸豐初,客上海,識英吉利偉烈亞力、艾約瑟、韋廉臣三人,偉烈亞力精天算,通華言。善蘭以歐幾里幾何原本十三卷、續二卷,明時譯得六卷,因與偉烈亞力同譯後九卷,西士精通幾何者尟,其第十卷尤玄奧,未易解,譌奪甚多,善蘭筆受時,輒以意匡補。譯成,偉烈亞力歎曰:「西士他日欲得善本,當求諸中國也!」<br><br>'''偉烈亞力又言美國天算名家羅密士嘗取代數、微分、積分合為一書,分款設題,較若列眉,復與善蘭同譯之,名曰代微積拾級十八卷。代數變天元、四元,別為新法,微分、積分二術,又藉徑於代數,實中土未有之奇秘。善蘭隨體剖析自然,得力於海鏡為多。'''<br><br>粵匪陷吳、越,依曾國籓軍中。同治七年,用巡撫郭嵩燾薦,徵入同文館,充算學總教習、總理衙門章京,授戶部郎中、三品卿銜。課同文館生以海鏡,而以代數演之,合中、西為一法,成就甚眾。光緒十年,卒於官,年垂七十。<br><br>善蘭聰彊絕人,其於算,能執理之至簡,馭數至繁,故衍之無不可通之數,抉之即無不可窮之理。所著則古昔齋算學,詳藝文志。世謂梅文鼎悟借根之出天元,善蘭能變四元而為代數,蓋梅氏後一人云。|《清史稿·列傳二百九十四·疇人二》}}<br />
<br />
== 影印本 ==<br />
* [[:File:Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus (Chinese, 1859, 1).pdf|卷一-卷九(解析几何)]]([[Media:Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus (Chinese, 1859, 1).pdf|源文件]])<br />
* [[:File:Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus (Chinese, 1859, 2).pdf|卷十-卷十六(微分)]]([[Media:Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus (Chinese, 1859, 2).pdf|源文件]])<br />
* [[:File:Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus (Chinese, 1859, 3).pdf|卷十七-卷十八(积分)]]([[Media:Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus (Chinese, 1859, 3).pdf|源文件]])<br />
* [[:File:Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus.pdf|英文原著]]([[Media:Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus.pdf|源文件]])<br />
<br />
== 符号 ==<br />
<br />
=== 字母 ===<br />
<br />
[[File:Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus (Chinese, 1859, 1).pdf|page=11|right|thumb|符号表,注意希腊字母{{lang|el|Ρ}}与{{lang|el|Μ}}对应颠倒]]<br />
<br />
在书中,小写{{w|拉丁字母}}以天干(10个)、地支(12个)和物(w)、天(x)、地(y)、人(z)对应;小写{{w|希腊字母}}以{{w|二十八宿}}的前24个对应。大写字母将小写字母对应的汉字左侧加上“口”来表示,即使加上口字旁的字已存在,也按照小写的读音来读(例如小写的v对应“亥”,那么大写的V对应的“咳”也读作hài)。另外还有一些专用的符号单独对应。<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; font-family:serif !important;"<br />
|+ 符号对照表<br />
|-<br />
! ''A''<br />
| {{ruby|呷|jiǎ}}<br />
! ''a''<br />
| 甲<br />
! {{lang|el|Α}}<br />
| {{ruby|唃|jiǎo}}<br />
! {{lang|el|α}}<br />
| {{ruby|角|jiǎo}}<br />
! F<br />
| {{RareChar|{{ruby|㖤|hán}}|⿰口函}}<br />
|-<br />
! ''B''<br />
| {{RareChar|{{ruby|𠮙|yǐ}}|⿰口乙}}<br />
! ''b''<br />
| 乙<br />
! {{lang|el|Β}}<br />
| {{ruby|吭|kàng}}<br />
! {{lang|el|β}}<br />
| {{ruby|亢|kàng}}<br />
! ''f''<br />
| 函<br />
|-<br />
! ''C''<br />
| {{RareChar|{{ruby|𠰳|bǐng}}|⿰口丙}}<br />
! ''c''<br />
| 丙<br />
! {{lang|el|Γ}}<br />
| {{ruby|呧|dǐ}}<br />
! {{lang|el|γ}}<br />
| {{ruby|氐|dǐ}}<br />
! {{lang|el|ϕ}}<br />
| {{RareChar|{{ruby|𭡝|hán}}|⿰扌函}}<br />
|-<br />
! ''D''<br />
| 叮<br />
! ''d''<br />
| 丁<br />
! {{lang|el|Δ}}<br />
| [[File:Uppercase Delta.svg|16px]]<br />
! {{lang|el|δ}}<br />
| 房<br />
! {{lang|el|ψ}}<br />
| 涵<br />
|-<br />
! ''E''<br />
| {{RareChar|{{ruby|𱒐|wù}}|⿰口戊}}<br />
! ''e''<br />
| 戊<br />
! {{lang|el|Ε}}<br />
| {{ruby|吣|xīn}}<br />
|<br />
|<br />
! {{lang|el|M}}<br />
| 根<br />
|-<br />
! ''F''<br />
| {{RareChar|{{ruby|𠯇|jǐ}}|⿰口己}}<br />
! ''f''<br />
| 己<br />
! {{lang|el|Ζ}}<br />
| {{ruby|𠳿|wěi}}<br />
! {{lang|el|ζ}}<br />
| 尾<br />
! {{lang|el|π}}<br />
| 周{{note|group="表注"|指{{w|圆周率}}。}}<br />
|-<br />
! ''G''<br />
| {{RareChar|{{ruby|𱓒|gēng}}|⿰口庚}}<br />
! ''g''<br />
| 庚<br />
! {{lang|el|Η}}<br />
| {{RareChar|{{ruby|𱕍|jī}}|⿰口箕}}<br />
! {{lang|el|η}}<br />
| {{ruby|箕|jī}}<br />
! {{lang|el|ε}}<br />
| {{ruby|訥|nè}}(讷){{note|group="表注"|指{{w|自然常数}},疑似应为e。}}<br />
|-<br />
! ''H''<br />
| {{RareChar|{{ruby|㖕|xīn}}|⿰口辛}}<br />
! ''h''<br />
| 辛<br />
! {{lang|el|Θ}}<br />
| {{ruby|呌|dǒu}}<br />
! {{lang|el|θ}}<br />
| {{ruby|斗|dǒu}}<br />
! ''d''<br />
| {{ruby|彳|wēi}}{{note|group="表注"|音同“微”,指微分号。}}<br />
|-<br />
! ''I''<br />
| {{RareChar|{{ruby|𠰃|rén}}|⿰口壬}}<br />
! ''i''<br />
| 壬<br />
! {{lang|el|Ι}}<br />
| {{ruby|吽|níu}}<br />
! {{lang|el|ι}}<br />
| 牛<br />
! ''∫''<br />
| {{ruby|禾|jī}}{{note|group="表注"|音同“积”,指积分号。}}<br />
|-<br />
! ''J''<br />
| {{RareChar|{{ruby|𱓩|guǐ}}|⿰口癸}}<br />
! ''j''<br />
| 癸<br />
! {{lang|el|Κ}}<br />
| {{ruby|𠯆|nǚ}}<br />
! {{lang|el|κ}}<br />
| 女<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! ''K''<br />
| {{ruby|吇|zǐ}}<br />
! ''k''<br />
| 子<br />
! {{lang|el|Λ}}<br />
| {{ruby|嘘|xū}}<br />
! {{lang|el|λ}}<br />
| 虛<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! ''L''<br />
| {{ruby|吜|choǔ}}<br />
! ''l''<br />
| 丑<br />
! {{lang|el|Μ}}<br />
| {{ruby|𠱓|wēi}}{{note|group="表注"|书中表格与{{lang|el|Ρ}}颠倒。}}<br />
! {{lang|el|μ}}<br />
| 危<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! ''M''<br />
| {{RareChar|{{ruby|𠻤|yín}}|⿰口寅}}<br />
! ''m''<br />
| 寅<br />
! {{lang|el|Ν}}<br />
| {{RareChar|{{ruby|㗌|shì}}|⿰口室}}<br />
! {{lang|el|ν}}<br />
| 室<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! ''N''<br />
| {{RareChar|{{ruby|𠰭|mǎo}}|⿰口卯}}<br />
! ''n''<br />
| 卯<br />
! {{lang|el|Ξ}}<br />
| [[File:Uppercase Xi.svg|16px]]<br />
! {{lang|el|ξ}}<br />
| 壁<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! ''O''<br />
| {{ruby|㖘|chén}}<br />
! ''o''<br />
| 辰<br />
! {{lang|el|Ο}}<br />
| {{ruby|喹|kuí}}<br />
! {{lang|el|ο}}<br />
| 奎<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! ''P''<br />
| {{RareChar|{{ruby|𱒄|sì}}|⿰口巳}}<br />
! ''p''<br />
| 巳<br />
! {{lang|el|Π}}<br />
| {{ruby|嘍|lóu}}(喽)<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! ''Q''<br />
| {{ruby|吘|wǔ}}<br />
! ''q''<br />
| 午<br />
! {{lang|el|Ρ}}<br />
| {{ruby|喟|wèi}}{{note|group="表注"|书中表格与{{lang|el|Μ}}颠倒。}}<br />
! {{lang|el|ρ}}<br />
| 胃<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! ''R''<br />
| 味<br />
! ''r''<br />
| 未<br />
! {{lang|el|Σ}}<br />
| {{RareChar|{{ruby|𭈾|mǎo}}|⿰口昴}}<br />
! {{lang|el|σ}}<br />
| {{ruby|昴|mǎo}}<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! ''S''<br />
| 呻<br />
! ''s''<br />
| 申<br />
! {{lang|el|Τ}}<br />
| {{ruby|嗶|bì}}(哔)<br />
! {{lang|el|τ}}<br />
| 畢(毕)<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! ''T''<br />
| {{ruby|唒|yǒu}}<br />
! ''t''<br />
| 酉<br />
! {{lang|el|Υ}}<br />
| {{ruby|嘴|zī}}<br />
! {{lang|el|υ}}<br />
| {{ruby|觜|zī}}<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! ''U''<br />
| {{RareChar|{{ruby|㖅|xù}}|⿰口戌}}<br />
! ''u''<br />
| 戌<br />
! {{lang|el|Φ}}<br />
| {{ruby|嘇|shēn}}({{RareChar|𰇼|⿰口参}})<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! ''V''<br />
| {{ruby|咳|hài}}<br />
! ''v''<br />
| 亥<br />
! {{lang|el|Χ}}<br />
| {{RareChar|{{ruby|𠯤|jǐn}}|⿰口井}}<br />
! {{lang|el|χ}}<br />
| 井<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! ''W''<br />
| {{RareChar|{{ruby|𭈘|wù}}|⿰口物}}<br />
! ''w''<br />
| 物<br />
! {{lang|el|Ψ}}<br />
| {{ruby|𠺌|guǐ}}<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! ''X''<br />
| {{RareChar|{{ruby|𱒆|tiān}}|⿰口天}}<br />
! ''x''<br />
| 天<br />
! {{lang|el|Ω}}<br />
| [[File:Uppercase Omega.svg|16px]]<br />
! {{lang|el|ω}}<br />
| 柳<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! ''Y''<br />
| {{ruby|哋|dì}}<br />
! ''y''<br />
| 地<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! Z<br />
| {{RareChar|{{ruby|㕥|rén}}|⿰口人}}<br />
! z<br />
| 人<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== 运算符及其他引进符号 ===<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; font-family:serif !important;"<br />
|-<br />
! LaTeX<br />
! HTML<br />
! 说明<br />
|-<br />
! <math>\bot</math>{{note|group="表注"|{{cd|\bot}}}}<br />
! ⊥{{note|group="表注"|U+22A5,{{cd|&amp;bottom;|&amp;bot;|&amp;perp;|&amp;UpTee;|&amp;#8869;}}}}<br />
| 正也,加也{{note|group="表注"|此处并非垂直符号<math>\perp</math>({{cd|\perp}})或⟂(U+27C2,{{cd|&amp;#10178;}})。不使用加号+(U+002B,{{cd|&amp;#plus;|&amp;#43;}})是因为易与汉字数字“十”混淆。此为“上”的古字(丄,U+4E04,{{cd|&amp;#19972;}})。}}<br />
|-<br />
! <math>\top</math>{{note|group="表注"|{{cd|\top}}}}<br />
! ⊤{{note|group="表注"|U+22A4,{{cd|&amp;top;|&amp;DownTee;|&amp;#8868;}}}}<br />
| 負也,減也{{note|group="表注"|不使用减号−(U+2212,{{cd|&amp;minus;|&amp;#8722;}})或连字暨减号-(U+002D,{{cd|&amp;#45;}})是因为易与汉字数字“一”混淆。此为“下”的古字(丅,U+4E05,{{cd|&amp;#19973;}} )。}}<br />
|-<br />
! <math>\times</math>{{note|group="表注"|{{cd|\times}}}}<br />
! ×{{note|group="表注"|U+00D7,{{cd|&amp;times;|&amp;#215;}}}}<br />
| 相乘也<br />
|-<br />
! <math>\div</math>{{note|group="表注"|{{cd|\div}}}}<br />
! ÷{{note|group="表注"|U+00F7,{{cd|&amp;divide;|&amp;#247;}}}}<br />
| 約也,或作<math>-</math><br />
|-<br />
! <math>::::</math> <br />
! ::::<br />
| 四率比例也<br />
|-<br />
! <math>()</math><br />
! ()<br />
| 括諸數為一數也,名曰括弧<br />
|-<br />
! <math>\sqrt{}</math>{{note|group="表注"|{{cd|\sqrt{&#125; }}}}<br />
! √<br />
| 開方根也<br />
|-<br />
! <math>=</math><br />
! =<br />
| 等於{{note|group="表注"|与原符号不同,书中为防止与汉字数字“二”混淆而被拉长。}}<br />
|-<br />
! <math><</math><br />
! <<br />
| 右大於左<br />
|-<br />
! <math>></math><br />
! ><br />
| 左大於右<br />
|-<br />
! <math>0</math><br />
! 0<br />
| 無也<br />
|-<br />
! <math>\infty</math>{{note|group="表注"|{{cd|\infty}}}}<br />
! ∞<br />
| 無窮也<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== 注释 ===<br />
<br />
{{notelist|表注}}<br />
<br />
== 术语 ==<br />
<br />
书中新创了大量术语,其中有很多沿用至今。<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed"<br />
|+ 术语表<br />
! 原文<br />
! 译文<br />
|-<br />
! Abbreviated expression <br />
| 簡式<br />
|-<br />
! Abscissa <br />
| 橫線<br />
|-<br />
! Acute angle <br />
| 銳角<br />
|-<br />
! Add <br />
| 加<br />
|-<br />
! Addition <br />
| 加法<br />
|-<br />
! Adjacent angle <br />
| 旁角<br />
|-<br />
! Algebra <br />
| 代數學<br />
|-<br />
! Algebra curve <br />
| 代數曲線<br />
|-<br />
! Altitude <br />
| 高,股,中垂線<br />
|-<br />
! Anomaly <br />
| 奇式<br />
|-<br />
! Answer <br />
| 答<br />
|-<br />
! Antecedent <br />
| 前{{ruby|率|shuài}}<br />
|-<br />
! Approximation <br />
| 迷率<br />
|-<br />
! Arc <br />
| 弧<br />
|-<br />
! Area <br />
| 面積<br />
|-<br />
! Arithmetic <br />
| 數學<br />
|-<br />
! Asymptote <br />
| 漸近線<br />
|-<br />
! Axiom <br />
| 公論<br />
|-<br />
! Axis <br />
| 軸,軸線<br />
|-<br />
! Axis major <br />
| 長徑,長軸<br />
|-<br />
! Axis minor <br />
| 短徑,短軸<br />
|-<br />
! Axis of abscissas <br />
| 橫軸<br />
|-<br />
! Axis of coordinates <br />
| 總橫軸<br />
|-<br />
! Axis of ordinate <br />
| 縱軸<br />
|-<br />
! Base <br />
| 底,勾<br />
|-<br />
! Binominal <br />
| 二項式<br />
|-<br />
! Binomial theorem <br />
| 合名法<br />
|-<br />
! Biquadratic parabola <br />
| 三乘方拋物線<br />
|-<br />
! Bisect <br />
| 平分<br />
|-<br />
! Brackets <br />
| 括弧<br />
|-<br />
! Center of an ellipse <br />
| 中點<br />
|-<br />
! Chord <br />
| 通弦<br />
|-<br />
! Circle <br />
| 平圜<br />
|-<br />
! Circular expression <br />
| 圜式<br />
|-<br />
! Circumference <br />
| 周<br />
|-<br />
! Circumsoribed <br />
| 外切<br />
|-<br />
! Coefficient <br />
| 係數<br />
|-<br />
! Common algebra expression <br />
| 代數常式<br />
|-<br />
! Coincide <br />
| 合<br />
|-<br />
! Commensurable <br />
| 有等數<br />
|-<br />
! Common <br />
| 公<br />
|-<br />
! Complement <br />
| 餘<br />
|-<br />
! Complementary angle <br />
| 餘角<br />
|-<br />
! Concave <br />
| 凹<br />
|-<br />
! Concentric <br />
| 同心<br />
|-<br />
! Cone <br />
| 圓錐<br />
|-<br />
! Conjugate axis <br />
| 相屬軸<br />
|-<br />
! Conjugate diameter <br />
| 相屬徑<br />
|-<br />
! Conjugate hyperbola <br />
| 相屬雙曲線<br />
|-<br />
! Consequent <br />
| 後率<br />
|-<br />
! Constant <br />
| 常數<br />
|-<br />
! Construct <br />
| 做圖<br />
|-<br />
! Contact <br />
| 切<br />
|-<br />
! Converging series <br />
| 斂級數<br />
|-<br />
! Convex <br />
| 凸<br />
|-<br />
! Coordinates <br />
| 總橫線<br />
|-<br />
! Corollary <br />
| 系<br />
|-<br />
! Cosecant <br />
| 餘割<br />
|-<br />
! Cosine <br />
| 餘弦<br />
|-<br />
! Cotangent <br />
| 餘切<br />
|-<br />
! Coversedsine <br />
| 餘矢<br />
|-<br />
! Cube <br />
| 立方<br />
|-<br />
! Cube root <br />
| 立方根<br />
|-<br />
! Cubical parabola <br />
| 立方根拋物線<br />
|-<br />
! Curvature <br />
| 曲率<br />
|-<br />
! Curve <br />
| 曲線<br />
|-<br />
! Cusp <br />
| 歧點<br />
|-<br />
! Cycloid <br />
| 擺線<br />
|-<br />
! Cylinder <br />
| 圜柱<br />
|-<br />
! Decagon <br />
| 十邊形<br />
|-<br />
! Decrease <br />
| 損<br />
|-<br />
! Decreasing function <br />
| 損函數<br />
|-<br />
! Definition <br />
| 界說<br />
|-<br />
! Degree of an expression <br />
| 次<br />
|-<br />
! Degree of angular measurement <br />
| 度<br />
|-<br />
! Denominator <br />
| 分母,母數<br />
|-<br />
! Dependent variable <br />
| 因變數<br />
|-<br />
! Diagonal <br />
| 對角線<br />
|-<br />
! Diameter <br />
| 徑<br />
|-<br />
! Difference <br />
| 較<br />
|-<br />
! Differential <br />
| 微分<br />
|-<br />
! Differential calculus <br />
| 微分學<br />
|-<br />
! Differential coefficient <br />
| 微係數<br />
|-<br />
! Differentiate <br />
| 求微分<br />
|-<br />
! Direction <br />
| 方向<br />
|-<br />
! Directrix <br />
| 準線<br />
|-<br />
! Distance <br />
| 距線<br />
|-<br />
! Diverging lines <br />
| 漸遠線<br />
|-<br />
! Diverging series <br />
| 發級數<br />
|-<br />
! Divide <br />
| 約<br />
|-<br />
! Dividend <br />
| 實<br />
|-<br />
! Division (absolute) <br />
| 約法<br />
|-<br />
! Division (concrete) <br />
| 除法<br />
|-<br />
! Divisor <br />
| 法<br />
|-<br />
! Dodecahedron <br />
| 十二面體<br />
|-<br />
! Duplicate <br />
| 倍比例<br />
|-<br />
! Edge of polyhedron <br />
| 稜<br />
|-<br />
! Ellipse <br />
| 橢圓<br />
|-<br />
! Equal <br />
| 等<br />
|-<br />
! Equation <br />
| 方程式<br />
|-<br />
! Equation of condition <br />
| 偶方程式<br />
|-<br />
! Equiangular <br />
| 等角<br />
|-<br />
! Equilateral <br />
| 等邊<br />
|-<br />
! Equimultiple <br />
| 等倍數<br />
|-<br />
! Evolute <br />
| 漸申線<br />
|-<br />
! Evolution <br />
| 開方<br />
|-<br />
! Expand <br />
| 詳<br />
|-<br />
! Expansion <br />
| 詳式<br />
|-<br />
! Explicit function <br />
| 陽函數<br />
|-<br />
! Exponent <br />
| 指數<br />
|-<br />
! Expression <br />
| 式<br />
|-<br />
! Extreme and mean ratio <br />
| 中末比例<br />
|-<br />
! Extremes of a proportion <br />
| 首尾二率<br />
|-<br />
! Face <br />
| 面<br />
|-<br />
! Factor <br />
| 乘數<br />
|-<br />
! Figure <br />
| 行、圖<br />
|-<br />
! Focus of a conic section <br />
| 心<br />
|-<br />
! Formula <br />
| 法<br />
|-<br />
! Fourth proportional <br />
| 四率<br />
|-<br />
! Fraction <br />
| 分<br />
|-<br />
! Fractional expression <br />
| 分式<br />
|-<br />
! Frustum <br />
| 截圜錐<br />
|-<br />
! Function <br />
| 函數<br />
|-<br />
! General expression <br />
| 公式<br />
|-<br />
! Generate <br />
| 生<br />
|-<br />
! Generating circle <br />
| 母輪<br />
|-<br />
! Generating point <br />
| 母點<br />
|-<br />
! Geometry <br />
| 幾何學<br />
|-<br />
! Given ratio <br />
| 定率<br />
|-<br />
! Great circle <br />
| 大圈<br />
|-<br />
! Greater <br />
| 大<br />
|-<br />
! Hemisphere <br />
| 半球<br />
|-<br />
! Hendecagon <br />
| 十一邊形<br />
|-<br />
! Heptagon <br />
| 七邊形<br />
|-<br />
! Hexagon <br />
| 六邊形<br />
|-<br />
! Hexahedron <br />
| 六面體<br />
|-<br />
! Homogeneous <br />
| 同類<br />
|-<br />
! Homologous <br />
| 相當<br />
|-<br />
! Hypoerbola <br />
| 雙曲線,雙線<br />
|-<br />
! Hyperbolic spiral <br />
| 雙線螺旋<br />
|-<br />
! Hypotheneuse <br />
| 弦<br />
|-<br />
! Icosahedron <br />
| 二十面體<br />
|-<br />
! Implicit function <br />
| 陰函數<br />
|-<br />
! Impossible expression <br />
| 不能式<br />
|-<br />
! Inclination <br />
| 倚度<br />
|-<br />
! Incommensurable <br />
| 無等數<br />
|-<br />
! Increase <br />
| 增<br />
|-<br />
! Increasing function <br />
| 增函數<br />
|-<br />
! Increment <br />
| 長數<br />
|-<br />
! Indefinite <br />
| 無定<br />
|-<br />
! Independent variable <br />
| 自變數<br />
|-<br />
! Indeterminate <br />
| 未定<br />
|-<br />
! Infinite <br />
| 無窮<br />
|-<br />
! Inscribed <br />
| 內切,所容<br />
|-<br />
! Integral <br />
| 積分<br />
|-<br />
! Integral calculus <br />
| 積分學<br />
|-<br />
! Integrate <br />
| 求積分<br />
|-<br />
! Interior <br />
| 裏<br />
|-<br />
! Intersect <br />
| 交<br />
|-<br />
! Intersect at right angles <br />
| 正交<br />
|-<br />
! Inverse circular expression <br />
| 反圜式<br />
|-<br />
! Inverse proportion <br />
| 反比例<br />
|-<br />
! Irrational <br />
| 無比例<br />
|-<br />
! Isolated point <br />
| 特點<br />
|-<br />
! Isosceles triangle <br />
| 二等邊三角形<br />
|-<br />
! Join <br />
| 聯<br />
|-<br />
! Known <br />
| 已知<br />
|-<br />
! Law of continuity <br />
| 漸變之理<br />
|-<br />
! Leg of an angle <br />
| 夾角邊<br />
|-<br />
! Lemma <br />
| 例<br />
|-<br />
! Length <br />
| 長短<br />
|-<br />
! Less <br />
| 小<br />
|-<br />
! Limits <br />
| 限<br />
|-<br />
! Limited <br />
| 有限<br />
|-<br />
! Line <br />
| 線<br />
|-<br />
! Logarithm <br />
| 對數<br />
|-<br />
! Logarithmic curve <br />
| 對數曲線<br />
|-<br />
! Logarithmic spiral <br />
| 對數螺線<br />
|-<br />
! Lowest term <br />
| 最小率<br />
|-<br />
! Maximum <br />
| 極大<br />
|-<br />
! Mean proportion <br />
| 中率<br />
|-<br />
! Means <br />
| 中二率<br />
|-<br />
! Measure <br />
| 度<br />
|-<br />
! Meet <br />
| 遇<br />
|-<br />
! Minimum <br />
| 極小<br />
|-<br />
! Modulus <br />
| 對數根<br />
|-<br />
! Monomial <br />
| 一項式<br />
|-<br />
! Multinomial <br />
| 多項式<br />
|-<br />
! Multiple <br />
| 倍數<br />
|-<br />
! Multiple point <br />
| 倍點<br />
|-<br />
! Multiplicand <br />
| 實<br />
|-<br />
! Multiplication <br />
| 乘法<br />
|-<br />
! Multiplier <br />
| 法<br />
|-<br />
! Multiply <br />
| 乘<br />
|-<br />
! Negative <br />
| 負<br />
|-<br />
! Nonagon <br />
| 九邊形<br />
|-<br />
! Normal <br />
| 法線<br />
|-<br />
! Notation <br />
| 命位,紀法<br />
|-<br />
! Number <br />
| 數<br />
|-<br />
! Numerator <br />
| 分子,子數<br />
|-<br />
! Oblique <br />
| 斜<br />
|-<br />
! Obtuse <br />
| 鈍<br />
|-<br />
! Octagon <br />
| 八邊形<br />
|-<br />
! Octahedron <br />
| 八面體<br />
|-<br />
! Opposite <br />
| 對<br />
|-<br />
! Ordinate <br />
| 縱線<br />
|-<br />
! Origin of coordinate <br />
| 原點<br />
|-<br />
! Parabola <br />
| 拋物線<br />
|-<br />
! Parallel <br />
| 平行<br />
|-<br />
! Parallelogram <br />
| 平行邊形<br />
|-<br />
! Parallelepiped <br />
| 立方體<br />
|-<br />
! Parameter <br />
| 通徑<br />
|-<br />
! Part <br />
| 分,段<br />
|-<br />
! Partial differential <br />
| 偏微分<br />
|-<br />
! Partial differential coefficient <br />
| 偏微係數<br />
|-<br />
! Particular case <br />
| 私式<br />
|-<br />
! Pentagon <br />
| 五邊形<br />
|-<br />
! Perpendicular <br />
| 垂線,股<br />
|-<br />
! Plane <br />
| 平面<br />
|-<br />
! Point <br />
| 點<br />
|-<br />
! Point of contact <br />
| 切點<br />
|-<br />
! Point of inflection <br />
| 彎點<br />
|-<br />
! Point of intersection <br />
| 交點<br />
|-<br />
! Polar curve <br />
| 極曲線<br />
|-<br />
! Polar distance <br />
| 極距<br />
|-<br />
! Pole <br />
| 極<br />
|-<br />
! Polygon <br />
| 多邊形<br />
|-<br />
! Polyhedron <br />
| 多面體<br />
|-<br />
! Polynomial <br />
| 多項式<br />
|-<br />
! Positive <br />
| 正<br />
|-<br />
! Postulate <br />
| 求<br />
|-<br />
! Power <br />
| 方<br />
|-<br />
! Primitive axis <br />
| 舊軸<br />
|-<br />
! Problem <br />
| 題<br />
|-<br />
! Produce <br />
| 引長<br />
|-<br />
! Product <br />
| 得數<br />
|-<br />
! Proportion <br />
| 比例<br />
|-<br />
! Proposition <br />
| 款<br />
|-<br />
! Quadrant <br />
| 象限<br />
|-<br />
! Quadrilateral figure <br />
| 四邊形<br />
|-<br />
! Quadrinomial <br />
| 四項式<br />
|-<br />
! Quam proxime <br />
| 任近<br />
|-<br />
! Quantity <br />
| 幾何<br />
|-<br />
! Question <br />
| 問<br />
|-<br />
! Quindecagon <br />
| 十五邊形<br />
|-<br />
! Quotient <br />
| 得數<br />
|-<br />
! Radius <br />
| 半徑<br />
|-<br />
! Radius vector <br />
| 帶徑<br />
|-<br />
! Ratio <br />
| 率<br />
|-<br />
! Rational expression <br />
| 有比例式<br />
|-<br />
! Reciprocal <br />
| 交互<br />
|-<br />
! Rectangle <br />
| 矩形<br />
|-<br />
! Rectangular <br />
| 正<br />
|-<br />
! Reduce <br />
| 化<br />
|-<br />
! Reduce to a simple form <br />
| 相消<br />
|-<br />
! Regular <br />
| 正<br />
|-<br />
! Relation <br />
| 連屬之理<br />
|-<br />
! Represent <br />
| 顯<br />
|-<br />
! Reverse <br />
| 相反<br />
|-<br />
! Revolution <br />
| 匝<br />
|-<br />
! Right angle <br />
| 直角<br />
|-<br />
! Right-angled triangle <br />
| 勾股形<br />
|-<br />
! Round <br />
| 圜<br />
|-<br />
! Root <br />
| 根<br />
|-<br />
! Root of equation <br />
| 滅數<br />
|-<br />
! Scalene triangle <br />
| 不等邊三角形<br />
|-<br />
! Scholium <br />
| 案<br />
|-<br />
! Secant <br />
| 割線<br />
|-<br />
! Secant (trigonometrical) <br />
| 正割<br />
|-<br />
! Segment <br />
| 截段<br />
|-<br />
! Semicircle <br />
| 半圜周<br />
|-<br />
! Semicubical parabola <br />
| 半立方拋物線<br />
|-<br />
! Semibiquadratic parabola <br />
| 半三乘方拋物線<br />
|-<br />
! Series <br />
| 級數<br />
|-<br />
! Sextant <br />
| 記限<br />
|-<br />
! Side <br />
| 邊<br />
|-<br />
! Sign <br />
| 號<br />
|-<br />
! Similar <br />
| 相似<br />
|-<br />
! Sine <br />
| 正弦<br />
|-<br />
! Singular point <br />
| 獨異點<br />
|-<br />
! Smaller <br />
| 少<br />
|-<br />
! Solid <br />
| 體<br />
|-<br />
! Solidity <br />
| 體積<br />
|-<br />
! Sphere <br />
| 立圜體,球<br />
|-<br />
! Spiral <br />
| 螺線<br />
|-<br />
! Spiral of archimedes <br />
| 亞奇默德螺線<br />
|-<br />
! Square <br />
| 方,正方,冪<br />
|-<br />
! Square root <br />
| 平方根<br />
|-<br />
! Straight line <br />
| 直線<br />
|-<br />
! Subnormal <br />
| 次法線<br />
|-<br />
! Subtangent <br />
| 次切線<br />
|-<br />
! Subtract <br />
| 減<br />
|-<br />
! Subtraction <br />
| 減法<br />
|-<br />
! Sum <br />
| 和<br />
|-<br />
! Supplement <br />
| 外角<br />
|-<br />
! Supplementary chord <br />
| 餘通弦<br />
|-<br />
! Surface <br />
| 面<br />
|-<br />
! Surface of revolution <br />
| 曲面積<br />
|-<br />
! Symbol of quantity <br />
| 元<br />
|-<br />
! Table <br />
| 表<br />
|-<br />
! Tangent <br />
| 切線<br />
|-<br />
! Tangent (trigonometrical) <br />
| 正切<br />
|-<br />
! Term of an expression <br />
| 項<br />
|-<br />
! Term of ratio <br />
| 率<br />
|-<br />
! Tetrahedron <br />
| 四面體<br />
|-<br />
! Theorem <br />
| 術<br />
|-<br />
! Total differential <br />
| 全微分<br />
|-<br />
! Transcendental curve <br />
| 越曲線<br />
|-<br />
! Transcendental expression <br />
| 越式<br />
|-<br />
! Transcendental function <br />
| 越函數<br />
|-<br />
! Transform <br />
| 易<br />
|-<br />
! Transverse axis <br />
| 橫軸,橫徑<br />
|-<br />
! Trapezoid <br />
| 二平行邊四邊形<br />
|-<br />
! Triangle <br />
| 三角形<br />
|-<br />
! Trident <br />
| 三齒線<br />
|-<br />
! Trigonometry <br />
| 三角法<br />
|-<br />
! Trinomial <br />
| 三項式<br />
|-<br />
! Triplicate <br />
| 三倍<br />
|-<br />
! Trisection <br />
| 三等分<br />
|-<br />
! Unequal <br />
| 不等<br />
|-<br />
! Unit <br />
| 一<br />
|-<br />
! Unknown <br />
| 未知<br />
|-<br />
! Unlimited <br />
| 無線<br />
|-<br />
! Value <br />
| 同數<br />
|-<br />
! Variable <br />
| 變數<br />
|-<br />
! Variation <br />
| 變<br />
|-<br />
! Verification <br />
| 證<br />
|-<br />
! Versedsine <br />
| 正矢<br />
|-<br />
! Vertex <br />
| 頂點<br />
|-<br />
! Vertical plane <br />
| 縱面<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== 函数 ==<br />
<br />
<tabber><br />
文言=<br />
在卷十的开头,可以看到那句经典名句:<br />
<br />
{{from|微分之數有二,一曰常數,一曰變數;變數以天地人物等字代之,常數以甲乙子丑等字代之。<br><br>凡式中常數之同數俱不變。如直線之式爲<math>地\xlongequal{\qquad}甲天\bot乙</math>,則線之甲與乙,俱僅有一同數任在何點永不變,而天與地之同數則每點皆變也。<br><br>'''凡此變數中函彼變數,則此爲彼之函數。'''<br><br>如直線之式爲<math>地\xlongequal{\qquad}甲天\bot乙</math>,則地爲天之函數;又平圜之式爲<math>地\xlongequal{\qquad}\sqrt{味^二\top甲^二}</math>,味爲半徑,天爲正弦,地爲餘弦;橢圓之式爲<math>地\xlongequal{\qquad}</math>{{sfrac|呷|{{RareChar|𠮙|⿰口乙}}}}<math>\sqrt{二呷天\top天^二}</math>,皆地爲天之函數也。<br><br>設不明顯天之函數,但指地爲天之因變數,則如下式<math>天\xlongequal{\qquad}函(地) \ 地\xlongequal{\qquad}函(天)</math>,此天爲地之函數,亦地爲天之函數。|《代微積拾級·卷十 微分一·例》}}<br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">[[File:Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus (Chinese, 1859, 2).pdf|page=4|300px]][[File:Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus (Chinese, 1859, 2).pdf|page=3|300px]]</div><br />
|-|<br />
English=<br />
原文如下:<br />
{{from|1=A<span style{{=}}"font-size: 0.6rem;>RTICLE</span> (157.) I<span style{{=}}"font-size: 0.6rem;>N</span> the Differential Calculus, as in Analytical Geometry, there are two classes of quantities to be considered, viz., ''variables'' and ''constants''.<br><br>Variable quantities are generally represented by the last letters of the alphabet, ''x'', ''y'', ''z'', etc., and any values may be assigned to them which will satisfy the equations into which they enter.<br><br>Constant quantities are generally represented by the firstletters of the alphabet, ''a'', ''b'', ''c'', etc., and these always retain the same values throughout the same investigation.<br><br>Thus, in the equation of a straight line, <br><div style="text-align: center;"><math>y=ax+b</math>,</div>the quantities a and b have but one value for the same line, while ''x'' and ''y'' vary in value for every point of the line.<br><br>(158.) '''One variable is said to be a ''function'' of another variable, when the first is equal to a certain algebraic expression containing the second.''' Thus, in the equation of a straight line <br><div style="text-align: center;"><math>y=ax+b</math>,</div>''y'' is a function of ''x''. <br><br>So, also, in the equation of a circle, <br><div style="text-align: center;"><math>y=\sqrt{R^2-x^2}</math>;</div>and in the equation of the ellipse, <br><div style="text-align: center;"><math>y=\frac{B}{A}\sqrt{2Ax-x^2}</math>.</div>(159.) When we wish merely to denote that ''y'' is ''dependent'' upon ''x'' for its value, without giving the particular expression which shows the value of ''x'', we employ the notation<br><div style="text-align: center;"><math>y=F(x)</math>, or <math>y=f(x)</math>,<br><span style{{=}}"text-align: left; float: left;">or</span><math>x=F(y)</math>, or <math>x=f(y)</math>,</div>which expressions are read, ''y'' is a function of ''x'', or ''x'' is a function of ''y''.|2=''Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus'', Differential Calculus, Section I, Definitions and First Principles}}<br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">[[File:Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus.pdf|page=124|300px]][[File:Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus.pdf|page=125|300px]]</div><br />
</tabber><br />
<br />
“凡此变数中函彼变数,则此为彼之函数”(One variable is said to be a function of another variable, when the first is equal to a certain algebraic expression containing the second.)这句话,往往被讹传为出现在李善兰另一译作《代数学》中,其实并非如此,出处就是《代微积拾级》。<br />
<br />
== 微分 ==<br />
<br />
<tabber><br />
文言=<br />
同样是卷十,可以看到微分的定义:<br />
<br />
{{from|'''函數與變數之變比例俱謂之微分''',用彳號記之。如 <math>戌\xlongequal{\qquad}天^三</math>,則得比例 {{RareChar|𢓍|⿰彳天}} : [[File:Differential u.svg|16px]] <math>:: 一 : 三天^二</math>。{{RareChar|𢓍|⿰彳天}}[[File:Differential u.svg|16px]],爲天與戌之微分。后皆仿此,用表天與戌之變比例。以一四兩率相乘,二三兩率相乘,則得[[File:Differential u.svg|16px]]<math>\xlongequal{\qquad}三天^二</math>{{RareChar|𢓍|⿰彳天}}。此顯函數戌之變比例,等于 三天<sup>二</sup> 乘變數天之變比例。以{{RareChar|𢓍|⿰彳天}}約之,得{{sfrac|{{RareChar|𢓍|⿰彳天}}|[[File:Differential u.svg|16px]]}}<math>\xlongequal{\qquad}三天^二</math>。此顯變數之變比例,約函數之變比例,等于函數之微係數也。如戌爲天之函數,三天 爲戌之微係數,此舉立方以㮣其餘。|《代微積拾級·卷十 微分一·論函數微分·第二款》}}<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">[[File:Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus (Chinese, 1859, 2).pdf|page=19|300px]][[File:Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus (Chinese, 1859, 2).pdf|page=18|300px]]</div><br />
|-|<br />
English=<br />
原文如下:<br />
{{from|1=(170.) '''The rate of variation of a function or of any variable quantity is called its ''differential''''', and is denoted by the letter ''d'' placed before it. Thus, if<br><div style="text-align: center;"><math>u=x^3</math>,</div>then<br><div style="text-align: center;"><math>dx:du::1:3x^2</math>.</div>The expressions ''dx'', ''du'' are read differential of ''x'', differential of ''u'', and denote the rates of variation of ''x'' and ''u''.<br><br>If we multiply together the extremes and the means of the preceding proportion, we have<br><div style="text-align: center;"><math>du=3x^2dx</math>,</div>which signifies that the rate of increase of the function ''u'' is 3''x''<sup>2</sup> times that of the variable ''x''.<br><br>If we divide each member of the last equation by ''dx'', we have<br><div style="text-align: center;"><math>\frac{du}{dx}=3x^2</math>,</div>which expresses the ratio of the rate of variation of the function to that of the independent variable, and is called the ''differential coefficient'' of ''u'' regarded as a function of ''x''.|2=''Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus'', Differential Calculus, Section I, Differentiation of Algebraic Functions, Proposition II - Theorem}}<br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">[[File:Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus.pdf|page=131|300px]]</div><br />
<br />
注意,时至今日,微分号为了与量区别而记作<math>\mathrm{d}</math>,书中的微分号仍然是斜体<math>d</math>。<br />
<br />
</tabber><br />
<br />
书中所称“Differential Coefficient”,译作“微系数”,今天称作'''导数(Derivative)'''。无论是中英文,这种古老的说法都已很罕见。<br />
<br />
== 积分 ==<br />
<br />
<tabber><br />
文言=<br />
在卷十七,定义了积分:<br />
<br />
{{from|積分爲微分之還原,其法之要,在識別微分所由生之函數。如已得 天<sup>二</sup> 之微分爲 二天{{RareChar|𢓍|⿰彳天}},則有 二天{{RareChar|𢓍|⿰彳天}},即知所由生之函數爲 天<sup>二</sup>,而 天<sup>二</sup> 即爲積分。<br><br>'''已得微分所由生之函數爲積分。'''而積分或有常數附之,或無常數附之,既不能定,故式中恒附以常數,命爲{{RareChar|𠰳|⿰口丙}}。{{RareChar|𠰳|⿰口丙}}或有同數,或爲〇,須攷題乃知。<br><br>來本之視微分,若函數諸小較之一,諸小較并之,即成函數。故微分之左係一禾字,指欲取諸微分之積分也。如下式 禾二天{{RareChar|𢓍|⿰彳天}}<math>\xlongequal{\qquad} 天^二 \bot</math>{{RareChar|𠰳|⿰口丙}}。來氏說今西國天算家大率不用,而惟用此禾字,取其一覽了然也。|《代微積拾級·卷十七 積分一·總論》}}<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">[[File:Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus (Chinese, 1859, 3).pdf|page=4|300px]][[File:Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus (Chinese, 1859, 3).pdf|page=3|300px]]</div><br />
|-|<br />
English=<br />
原文如下:<br />
{{from|1=A<span style{{=}}"font-size: 70%;>RTICLE</span> (291.) T<span style{{=}}"font-size: 70%;>HE</span> Integral Calculus is the reverse of the Differential Calculus, its object being to determine the expression or function from which a given differential has been derived.<br><br>Thus we have found that the differential of ''x''<sup>2</sup> is 2''xdx'', therefore, if we have given 2''xdx'', we know that it must have been derived from ''x'', or plus a constant term.<br><br>(292.) '''The function from which the given differential has been derived, is called its ''integral''.''' Hence, as we are not certain whether the integral has a constant quantity or not added to it, we annex a constant quantity represented by C, the value of which is to be determined from the nature of the problem. <br><br>(293.) Leibnitz considered the differentials of functions as indefinitely small differences, and the sum of these indefinitely small differences he regarded as making up the function; hence the letter S was placed before the differential to show that the sum was to be taken. As it was frequently required to place S before a compound expression, it was elongated into the sign ''∫'', which, being placed before a differential, denotes that its integral is to be taken. Thus,<br><div style="text-align: center;"><math>\int 2xdx = x^2+C</math>.</div>This sign ''∫'' is still retained ever by those whu reject the philosophy of Leibnitz. |2=''Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus'', Integral Calculus, Section I, Integration of Monomial Differentials}}<br />
<br />
实际上,书中的积分号仅仅写作<span style="font-family:serif;">''∫''</span>,没有写得像今天的<math>\int</math>那么长。<br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">[[File:Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus.pdf|page=228|300px]]</div><br />
</tabber><br />
<br />
[[分类:数学]]<br />
<br />
{{Study}}</div>
SkyEye FAST
https://mh.wdf.ink/w/index.php?title=%E4%BB%A3%E5%BE%AE%E7%A7%AF%E6%8B%BE%E7%BA%A7&diff=3257
代微积拾级
2024-03-10T07:20:25Z
<p>SkyEye FAST:/* 函数 */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{tex}}<br />
<br />
{{Book<br />
| author = {{w|伟烈亚力}}口译<br>{{w|李善兰}}笔述<br>{{w|伊莱亚斯·罗密士}}原著<br />
| date = 1859<br />
| date_suffix = ,清咸丰九年(己未)<br>1851(原著)<br />
| press = 墨海书馆<br />
}}<br />
<br />
{{q|米利堅羅密士譔,英國偉烈亞力口譯,海寧李善蘭筆述。|《代微積拾級》}}<br />
<br />
'''《代微积{{ruby|拾|shè}}级》''',由英国汉学家、来华传教士{{w|伟烈亚力}}(Alexander Wylie,1815年4月6日-1887年2月10日)口译,清代数学家{{w|李善兰}}(1811年1月22日-1882年12月9日)笔述;1859年由上海{{w|墨海书馆}}(The London Missionary Society Press)出版。原著为美国数学家{{w|伊莱亚斯·罗密士}}(Elias Loomis,1811年8月7日-1889年8月15日)于1851年出版的'''《解析几何和微积分初步》(''Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus'')'''。<br />
<br />
据考证,李善兰翻译所用的底本,应为1852年再版的版本,而非1851年的初版(内容差别较大)。原著在1874年改版,在此之前有不下20个版次(包括1856年的第6版、1859年的第10版、1864年的第17版、1868年的第19版等),畅销程度可见一斑。<br />
<br />
1872年(明治5年),这本书被福田半译至日文,但书中并未使用李善兰创立的对应符号系统(参见[[#符号]]),而是使用原著的符号。<br />
<br />
需要注意的是,这本书中的定义以今天的眼光来看并不严谨。一方面,当时的微积分学基础并不牢固,(ε, δ)-极限定义还未出现,书中仍然只使用未严格定义的无穷小量来定义概念;另一方面,这本书本身就是入门教材,不应过于晦涩难懂。<br />
<br />
<gallery><br />
Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus (Chinese, 1859, 1).pdf|page=1|代(解析几何)<br />
Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus (Chinese, 1859, 2).pdf|page=1|微(微分)<br />
Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus (Chinese, 1859, 3).pdf|page=1|积(积分)<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
== 作者 ==<br />
<br />
{{from|'''李善蘭,字壬叔,海寧人。諸生。從陳奐受經,於算術好之獨深。'''十歲即通九章,後得測圓海鏡、句股割圜記,學益進。疑割圜法非自然,精思得其理。嘗謂道有一貫,藝亦然。測圓海鏡每題皆有法有草,法者,本題之法也;草者,用立天元一曲折以求本題之法,乃造法之法,法之源也。算術大至躔離交食,細至米鹽瑣碎,其法至繁,以立天元一演之,莫不能得其法。故立天元一者,算學中之一貫也。並時明算如錢塘戴煦,南匯張文虎,烏程徐有壬、汪曰楨,歸安張福僖,皆相友善。咸豐初,客上海,識英吉利偉烈亞力、艾約瑟、韋廉臣三人,偉烈亞力精天算,通華言。善蘭以歐幾里幾何原本十三卷、續二卷,明時譯得六卷,因與偉烈亞力同譯後九卷,西士精通幾何者尟,其第十卷尤玄奧,未易解,譌奪甚多,善蘭筆受時,輒以意匡補。譯成,偉烈亞力歎曰:「西士他日欲得善本,當求諸中國也!」<br><br>'''偉烈亞力又言美國天算名家羅密士嘗取代數、微分、積分合為一書,分款設題,較若列眉,復與善蘭同譯之,名曰代微積拾級十八卷。代數變天元、四元,別為新法,微分、積分二術,又藉徑於代數,實中土未有之奇秘。善蘭隨體剖析自然,得力於海鏡為多。'''<br><br>粵匪陷吳、越,依曾國籓軍中。同治七年,用巡撫郭嵩燾薦,徵入同文館,充算學總教習、總理衙門章京,授戶部郎中、三品卿銜。課同文館生以海鏡,而以代數演之,合中、西為一法,成就甚眾。光緒十年,卒於官,年垂七十。<br><br>善蘭聰彊絕人,其於算,能執理之至簡,馭數至繁,故衍之無不可通之數,抉之即無不可窮之理。所著則古昔齋算學,詳藝文志。世謂梅文鼎悟借根之出天元,善蘭能變四元而為代數,蓋梅氏後一人云。|《清史稿·列傳二百九十四·疇人二》}}<br />
<br />
== 影印本 ==<br />
* [[:File:Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus (Chinese, 1859, 1).pdf|卷一-卷九(解析几何)]]([[Media:Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus (Chinese, 1859, 1).pdf|源文件]])<br />
* [[:File:Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus (Chinese, 1859, 2).pdf|卷十-卷十六(微分)]]([[Media:Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus (Chinese, 1859, 2).pdf|源文件]])<br />
* [[:File:Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus (Chinese, 1859, 3).pdf|卷十七-卷十八(积分)]]([[Media:Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus (Chinese, 1859, 3).pdf|源文件]])<br />
* [[:File:Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus.pdf|英文原著]]([[Media:Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus.pdf|源文件]])<br />
<br />
== 符号 ==<br />
<br />
=== 字母 ===<br />
<br />
[[File:Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus (Chinese, 1859, 1).pdf|page=11|right|thumb|符号表,注意希腊字母{{lang|el|Ρ}}与{{lang|el|Μ}}对应颠倒]]<br />
<br />
在书中,小写{{w|拉丁字母}}以天干(10个)、地支(12个)和物(w)、天(x)、地(y)、人(z)对应;小写{{w|希腊字母}}以{{w|二十八宿}}的前24个对应。大写字母将小写字母对应的汉字左侧加上“口”来表示,即使加上口字旁的字已存在,也按照小写的读音来读(例如小写的v对应“亥”,那么大写的V对应的“咳”也读作hài)。另外还有一些专用的符号单独对应。<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; font-family:serif !important;"<br />
|+ 符号对照表<br />
|-<br />
! ''A''<br />
| {{ruby|呷|jiǎ}}<br />
! ''a''<br />
| 甲<br />
! {{lang|el|Α}}<br />
| {{ruby|唃|jiǎo}}<br />
! {{lang|el|α}}<br />
| {{ruby|角|jiǎo}}<br />
! F<br />
| {{RareChar|{{ruby|㖤|hán}}|⿰口函}}<br />
|-<br />
! ''B''<br />
| {{RareChar|{{ruby|𠮙|yǐ}}|⿰口乙}}<br />
! ''b''<br />
| 乙<br />
! {{lang|el|Β}}<br />
| {{ruby|吭|kàng}}<br />
! {{lang|el|β}}<br />
| {{ruby|亢|kàng}}<br />
! ''f''<br />
| 函<br />
|-<br />
! ''C''<br />
| {{RareChar|{{ruby|𠰳|bǐng}}|⿰口丙}}<br />
! ''c''<br />
| 丙<br />
! {{lang|el|Γ}}<br />
| {{ruby|呧|dǐ}}<br />
! {{lang|el|γ}}<br />
| {{ruby|氐|dǐ}}<br />
! {{lang|el|ϕ}}<br />
| {{RareChar|{{ruby|𭡝|hán}}|⿰扌函}}<br />
|-<br />
! ''D''<br />
| 叮<br />
! ''d''<br />
| 丁<br />
! {{lang|el|Δ}}<br />
| [[File:Uppercase Delta.svg|16px]]<br />
! {{lang|el|δ}}<br />
| 房<br />
! {{lang|el|ψ}}<br />
| 涵<br />
|-<br />
! ''E''<br />
| {{RareChar|{{ruby|𱒐|wù}}|⿰口戊}}<br />
! ''e''<br />
| 戊<br />
! {{lang|el|Ε}}<br />
| {{ruby|吣|xīn}}<br />
|<br />
|<br />
! {{lang|el|M}}<br />
| 根<br />
|-<br />
! ''F''<br />
| {{RareChar|{{ruby|𠯇|jǐ}}|⿰口己}}<br />
! ''f''<br />
| 己<br />
! {{lang|el|Ζ}}<br />
| {{ruby|𠳿|wěi}}<br />
! {{lang|el|ζ}}<br />
| 尾<br />
! {{lang|el|π}}<br />
| 周{{note|group="表注"|指{{w|圆周率}}。}}<br />
|-<br />
! ''G''<br />
| {{RareChar|{{ruby|𱓒|gēng}}|⿰口庚}}<br />
! ''g''<br />
| 庚<br />
! {{lang|el|Η}}<br />
| {{RareChar|{{ruby|𱕍|jī}}|⿰口箕}}<br />
! {{lang|el|η}}<br />
| {{ruby|箕|jī}}<br />
! {{lang|el|ε}}<br />
| {{ruby|訥|nè}}(讷){{note|group="表注"|指{{w|自然常数}},疑似应为e。}}<br />
|-<br />
! ''H''<br />
| {{RareChar|{{ruby|㖕|xīn}}|⿰口辛}}<br />
! ''h''<br />
| 辛<br />
! {{lang|el|Θ}}<br />
| {{ruby|呌|dǒu}}<br />
! {{lang|el|θ}}<br />
| {{ruby|斗|dǒu}}<br />
! ''d''<br />
| {{ruby|彳|wēi}}{{note|group="表注"|音同“微”,指微分号。}}<br />
|-<br />
! ''I''<br />
| {{RareChar|{{ruby|𠰃|rén}}|⿰口壬}}<br />
! ''i''<br />
| 壬<br />
! {{lang|el|Ι}}<br />
| {{ruby|吽|níu}}<br />
! {{lang|el|ι}}<br />
| 牛<br />
! ''∫''<br />
| {{ruby|禾|jī}}{{note|group="表注"|音同“积”,指积分号。}}<br />
|-<br />
! ''J''<br />
| {{RareChar|{{ruby|𱓩|guǐ}}|⿰口癸}}<br />
! ''j''<br />
| 癸<br />
! {{lang|el|Κ}}<br />
| {{ruby|𠯆|nǚ}}<br />
! {{lang|el|κ}}<br />
| 女<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! ''K''<br />
| {{ruby|吇|zǐ}}<br />
! ''k''<br />
| 子<br />
! {{lang|el|Λ}}<br />
| {{ruby|嘘|xū}}<br />
! {{lang|el|λ}}<br />
| 虛<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! ''L''<br />
| {{ruby|吜|choǔ}}<br />
! ''l''<br />
| 丑<br />
! {{lang|el|Μ}}<br />
| {{ruby|𠱓|wēi}}{{note|group="表注"|书中表格与{{lang|el|Ρ}}颠倒。}}<br />
! {{lang|el|μ}}<br />
| 危<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! ''M''<br />
| {{RareChar|{{ruby|𠻤|yín}}|⿰口寅}}<br />
! ''m''<br />
| 寅<br />
! {{lang|el|Ν}}<br />
| {{RareChar|{{ruby|㗌|shì}}|⿰口室}}<br />
! {{lang|el|ν}}<br />
| 室<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! ''N''<br />
| {{RareChar|{{ruby|𠰭|mǎo}}|⿰口卯}}<br />
! ''n''<br />
| 卯<br />
! {{lang|el|Ξ}}<br />
| [[File:Uppercase Xi.svg|16px]]<br />
! {{lang|el|ξ}}<br />
| 壁<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! ''O''<br />
| {{ruby|㖘|chén}}<br />
! ''o''<br />
| 辰<br />
! {{lang|el|Ο}}<br />
| {{ruby|喹|kuí}}<br />
! {{lang|el|ο}}<br />
| 奎<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! ''P''<br />
| {{RareChar|{{ruby|𱒄|sì}}|⿰口巳}}<br />
! ''p''<br />
| 巳<br />
! {{lang|el|Π}}<br />
| {{ruby|嘍|lóu}}(喽)<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! ''Q''<br />
| {{ruby|吘|wǔ}}<br />
! ''q''<br />
| 午<br />
! {{lang|el|Ρ}}<br />
| {{ruby|喟|wèi}}{{note|group="表注"|书中表格与{{lang|el|Μ}}颠倒。}}<br />
! {{lang|el|ρ}}<br />
| 胃<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! ''R''<br />
| 味<br />
! ''r''<br />
| 未<br />
! {{lang|el|Σ}}<br />
| {{RareChar|{{ruby|𭈾|mǎo}}|⿰口昴}}<br />
! {{lang|el|σ}}<br />
| {{ruby|昴|mǎo}}<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! ''S''<br />
| 呻<br />
! ''s''<br />
| 申<br />
! {{lang|el|Τ}}<br />
| {{ruby|嗶|bì}}(哔)<br />
! {{lang|el|τ}}<br />
| 畢(毕)<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! ''T''<br />
| {{ruby|唒|yǒu}}<br />
! ''t''<br />
| 酉<br />
! {{lang|el|Υ}}<br />
| {{ruby|嘴|zī}}<br />
! {{lang|el|υ}}<br />
| {{ruby|觜|zī}}<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! ''U''<br />
| {{RareChar|{{ruby|㖅|xù}}|⿰口戌}}<br />
! ''u''<br />
| 戌<br />
! {{lang|el|Φ}}<br />
| {{ruby|嘇|shēn}}({{RareChar|𰇼|⿰口参}})<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! ''V''<br />
| {{ruby|咳|hài}}<br />
! ''v''<br />
| 亥<br />
! {{lang|el|Χ}}<br />
| {{RareChar|{{ruby|𠯤|jǐn}}|⿰口井}}<br />
! {{lang|el|χ}}<br />
| 井<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! ''W''<br />
| {{RareChar|{{ruby|𭈘|wù}}|⿰口物}}<br />
! ''w''<br />
| 物<br />
! {{lang|el|Ψ}}<br />
| {{ruby|𠺌|guǐ}}<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! ''X''<br />
| {{RareChar|{{ruby|𱒆|tiān}}|⿰口天}}<br />
! ''x''<br />
| 天<br />
! {{lang|el|Ω}}<br />
| [[File:Uppercase Omega.svg|16px]]<br />
! {{lang|el|ω}}<br />
| 柳<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! ''Y''<br />
| {{ruby|哋|dì}}<br />
! ''y''<br />
| 地<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! Z<br />
| {{RareChar|{{ruby|㕥|rén}}|⿰口人}}<br />
! z<br />
| 人<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== 运算符及其他引进符号 ===<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; font-family:serif !important;"<br />
|-<br />
! LaTeX<br />
! HTML<br />
! 说明<br />
|-<br />
! <math>\bot</math>{{note|group="表注"|{{cd|\bot}}}}<br />
! ⊥{{note|group="表注"|U+22A5,{{cd|&amp;bottom;|&amp;bot;|&amp;perp;|&amp;UpTee;|&amp;#8869;}}}}<br />
| 正也,加也{{note|group="表注"|此处并非垂直符号<math>\perp</math>({{cd|\perp}})或⟂(U+27C2,{{cd|&amp;#10178;}})。不使用加号+(U+002B,{{cd|&amp;#plus;|&amp;#43;}})是因为易与汉字数字“十”混淆。此为“上”的古字(丄,U+4E04,{{cd|&amp;#19972;}})。}}<br />
|-<br />
! <math>\top</math>{{note|group="表注"|{{cd|\top}}}}<br />
! ⊤{{note|group="表注"|U+22A4,{{cd|&amp;top;|&amp;DownTee;|&amp;#8868;}}}}<br />
| 負也,減也{{note|group="表注"|不使用减号−(U+2212,{{cd|&amp;minus;|&amp;#8722;}})或连字暨减号-(U+002D,{{cd|&amp;#45;}})是因为易与汉字数字“一”混淆。此为“下”的古字(丅,U+4E05,{{cd|&amp;#19973;}} )。}}<br />
|-<br />
! <math>\times</math>{{note|group="表注"|{{cd|\times}}}}<br />
! ×{{note|group="表注"|U+00D7,{{cd|&amp;times;|&amp;#215;}}}}<br />
| 相乘也<br />
|-<br />
! <math>\div</math>{{note|group="表注"|{{cd|\div}}}}<br />
! ÷{{note|group="表注"|U+00F7,{{cd|&amp;divide;|&amp;#247;}}}}<br />
| 約也,或作<math>-</math><br />
|-<br />
! <math>::::</math> <br />
! ::::<br />
| 四率比例也<br />
|-<br />
! <math>()</math><br />
! ()<br />
| 括諸數為一數也,名曰括弧<br />
|-<br />
! <math>\sqrt{}</math>{{note|group="表注"|{{cd|\sqrt{&#125; }}}}<br />
! √<br />
| 開方根也<br />
|-<br />
! <math>=</math><br />
! =<br />
| 等於{{note|group="表注"|与原符号不同,书中为防止与汉字数字“二”混淆而被拉长。}}<br />
|-<br />
! <math><</math><br />
! <<br />
| 右大於左<br />
|-<br />
! <math>></math><br />
! ><br />
| 左大於右<br />
|-<br />
! <math>0</math><br />
! 0<br />
| 無也<br />
|-<br />
! <math>\infty</math>{{note|group="表注"|{{cd|\infty}}}}<br />
! ∞<br />
| 無窮也<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== 注释 ===<br />
<br />
{{notelist|表注}}<br />
<br />
== 术语 ==<br />
<br />
书中新创了大量术语,其中有很多沿用至今。<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed"<br />
|+ 术语表<br />
! 原文<br />
! 译文<br />
|-<br />
! Abbreviated expression <br />
| 簡式<br />
|-<br />
! Abscissa <br />
| 橫線<br />
|-<br />
! Acute angle <br />
| 銳角<br />
|-<br />
! Add <br />
| 加<br />
|-<br />
! Addition <br />
| 加法<br />
|-<br />
! Adjacent angle <br />
| 旁角<br />
|-<br />
! Algebra <br />
| 代數學<br />
|-<br />
! Algebra curve <br />
| 代數曲線<br />
|-<br />
! Altitude <br />
| 高,股,中垂線<br />
|-<br />
! Anomaly <br />
| 奇式<br />
|-<br />
! Answer <br />
| 答<br />
|-<br />
! Antecedent <br />
| 前{{ruby|率|shuài}}<br />
|-<br />
! Approximation <br />
| 迷率<br />
|-<br />
! Arc <br />
| 弧<br />
|-<br />
! Area <br />
| 面積<br />
|-<br />
! Arithmetic <br />
| 數學<br />
|-<br />
! Asymptote <br />
| 漸近線<br />
|-<br />
! Axiom <br />
| 公論<br />
|-<br />
! Axis <br />
| 軸,軸線<br />
|-<br />
! Axis major <br />
| 長徑,長軸<br />
|-<br />
! Axis minor <br />
| 短徑,短軸<br />
|-<br />
! Axis of abscissas <br />
| 橫軸<br />
|-<br />
! Axis of coordinates <br />
| 總橫軸<br />
|-<br />
! Axis of ordinate <br />
| 縱軸<br />
|-<br />
! Base <br />
| 底,勾<br />
|-<br />
! Binominal <br />
| 二項式<br />
|-<br />
! Binomial theorem <br />
| 合名法<br />
|-<br />
! Biquadratic parabola <br />
| 三乘方拋物線<br />
|-<br />
! Bisect <br />
| 平分<br />
|-<br />
! Brackets <br />
| 括弧<br />
|-<br />
! Center of an ellipse <br />
| 中點<br />
|-<br />
! Chord <br />
| 通弦<br />
|-<br />
! Circle <br />
| 平圜<br />
|-<br />
! Circular expression <br />
| 圜式<br />
|-<br />
! Circumference <br />
| 周<br />
|-<br />
! Circumsoribed <br />
| 外切<br />
|-<br />
! Coefficient <br />
| 係數<br />
|-<br />
! Common algebra expression <br />
| 代數常式<br />
|-<br />
! Coincide <br />
| 合<br />
|-<br />
! Commensurable <br />
| 有等數<br />
|-<br />
! Common <br />
| 公<br />
|-<br />
! Complement <br />
| 餘<br />
|-<br />
! Complementary angle <br />
| 餘角<br />
|-<br />
! Concave <br />
| 凹<br />
|-<br />
! Concentric <br />
| 同心<br />
|-<br />
! Cone <br />
| 圓錐<br />
|-<br />
! Conjugate axis <br />
| 相屬軸<br />
|-<br />
! Conjugate diameter <br />
| 相屬徑<br />
|-<br />
! Conjugate hyperbola <br />
| 相屬雙曲線<br />
|-<br />
! Consequent <br />
| 後率<br />
|-<br />
! Constant <br />
| 常數<br />
|-<br />
! Construct <br />
| 做圖<br />
|-<br />
! Contact <br />
| 切<br />
|-<br />
! Converging series <br />
| 斂級數<br />
|-<br />
! Convex <br />
| 凸<br />
|-<br />
! Coordinates <br />
| 總橫線<br />
|-<br />
! Corollary <br />
| 系<br />
|-<br />
! Cosecant <br />
| 餘割<br />
|-<br />
! Cosine <br />
| 餘弦<br />
|-<br />
! Cotangent <br />
| 餘切<br />
|-<br />
! Coversedsine <br />
| 餘矢<br />
|-<br />
! Cube <br />
| 立方<br />
|-<br />
! Cube root <br />
| 立方根<br />
|-<br />
! Cubical parabola <br />
| 立方根拋物線<br />
|-<br />
! Curvature <br />
| 曲率<br />
|-<br />
! Curve <br />
| 曲線<br />
|-<br />
! Cusp <br />
| 歧點<br />
|-<br />
! Cycloid <br />
| 擺線<br />
|-<br />
! Cylinder <br />
| 圜柱<br />
|-<br />
! Decagon <br />
| 十邊形<br />
|-<br />
! Decrease <br />
| 損<br />
|-<br />
! Decreasing function <br />
| 損函數<br />
|-<br />
! Definition <br />
| 界說<br />
|-<br />
! Degree of an expression <br />
| 次<br />
|-<br />
! Degree of angular measurement <br />
| 度<br />
|-<br />
! Denominator <br />
| 分母,母數<br />
|-<br />
! Dependent variable <br />
| 因變數<br />
|-<br />
! Diagonal <br />
| 對角線<br />
|-<br />
! Diameter <br />
| 徑<br />
|-<br />
! Difference <br />
| 較<br />
|-<br />
! Differential <br />
| 微分<br />
|-<br />
! Differential calculus <br />
| 微分學<br />
|-<br />
! Differential coefficient <br />
| 微係數<br />
|-<br />
! Differentiate <br />
| 求微分<br />
|-<br />
! Direction <br />
| 方向<br />
|-<br />
! Directrix <br />
| 準線<br />
|-<br />
! Distance <br />
| 距線<br />
|-<br />
! Diverging lines <br />
| 漸遠線<br />
|-<br />
! Diverging series <br />
| 發級數<br />
|-<br />
! Divide <br />
| 約<br />
|-<br />
! Dividend <br />
| 實<br />
|-<br />
! Division (absolute) <br />
| 約法<br />
|-<br />
! Division (concrete) <br />
| 除法<br />
|-<br />
! Divisor <br />
| 法<br />
|-<br />
! Dodecahedron <br />
| 十二面體<br />
|-<br />
! Duplicate <br />
| 倍比例<br />
|-<br />
! Edge of polyhedron <br />
| 稜<br />
|-<br />
! Ellipse <br />
| 橢圓<br />
|-<br />
! Equal <br />
| 等<br />
|-<br />
! Equation <br />
| 方程式<br />
|-<br />
! Equation of condition <br />
| 偶方程式<br />
|-<br />
! Equiangular <br />
| 等角<br />
|-<br />
! Equilateral <br />
| 等邊<br />
|-<br />
! Equimultiple <br />
| 等倍數<br />
|-<br />
! Evolute <br />
| 漸申線<br />
|-<br />
! Evolution <br />
| 開方<br />
|-<br />
! Expand <br />
| 詳<br />
|-<br />
! Expansion <br />
| 詳式<br />
|-<br />
! Explicit function <br />
| 陽函數<br />
|-<br />
! Exponent <br />
| 指數<br />
|-<br />
! Expression <br />
| 式<br />
|-<br />
! Extreme and mean ratio <br />
| 中末比例<br />
|-<br />
! Extremes of a proportion <br />
| 首尾二率<br />
|-<br />
! Face <br />
| 面<br />
|-<br />
! Factor <br />
| 乘數<br />
|-<br />
! Figure <br />
| 行、圖<br />
|-<br />
! Focus of a conic section <br />
| 心<br />
|-<br />
! Formula <br />
| 法<br />
|-<br />
! Fourth proportional <br />
| 四率<br />
|-<br />
! Fraction <br />
| 分<br />
|-<br />
! Fractional expression <br />
| 分式<br />
|-<br />
! Frustum <br />
| 截圜錐<br />
|-<br />
! Function <br />
| 函數<br />
|-<br />
! General expression <br />
| 公式<br />
|-<br />
! Generate <br />
| 生<br />
|-<br />
! Generating circle <br />
| 母輪<br />
|-<br />
! Generating point <br />
| 母點<br />
|-<br />
! Geometry <br />
| 幾何學<br />
|-<br />
! Given ratio <br />
| 定率<br />
|-<br />
! Great circle <br />
| 大圈<br />
|-<br />
! Greater <br />
| 大<br />
|-<br />
! Hemisphere <br />
| 半球<br />
|-<br />
! Hendecagon <br />
| 十一邊形<br />
|-<br />
! Heptagon <br />
| 七邊形<br />
|-<br />
! Hexagon <br />
| 六邊形<br />
|-<br />
! Hexahedron <br />
| 六面體<br />
|-<br />
! Homogeneous <br />
| 同類<br />
|-<br />
! Homologous <br />
| 相當<br />
|-<br />
! Hypoerbola <br />
| 雙曲線,雙線<br />
|-<br />
! Hyperbolic spiral <br />
| 雙線螺旋<br />
|-<br />
! Hypotheneuse <br />
| 弦<br />
|-<br />
! Icosahedron <br />
| 二十面體<br />
|-<br />
! Implicit function <br />
| 陰函數<br />
|-<br />
! Impossible expression <br />
| 不能式<br />
|-<br />
! Inclination <br />
| 倚度<br />
|-<br />
! Incommensurable <br />
| 無等數<br />
|-<br />
! Increase <br />
| 增<br />
|-<br />
! Increasing function <br />
| 增函數<br />
|-<br />
! Increment <br />
| 長數<br />
|-<br />
! Indefinite <br />
| 無定<br />
|-<br />
! Independent variable <br />
| 自變數<br />
|-<br />
! Indeterminate <br />
| 未定<br />
|-<br />
! Infinite <br />
| 無窮<br />
|-<br />
! Inscribed <br />
| 內切,所容<br />
|-<br />
! Integral <br />
| 積分<br />
|-<br />
! Integral calculus <br />
| 積分學<br />
|-<br />
! Integrate <br />
| 求積分<br />
|-<br />
! Interior <br />
| 裏<br />
|-<br />
! Intersect <br />
| 交<br />
|-<br />
! Intersect at right angles <br />
| 正交<br />
|-<br />
! Inverse circular expression <br />
| 反圜式<br />
|-<br />
! Inverse proportion <br />
| 反比例<br />
|-<br />
! Irrational <br />
| 無比例<br />
|-<br />
! Isolated point <br />
| 特點<br />
|-<br />
! Isosceles triangle <br />
| 二等邊三角形<br />
|-<br />
! Join <br />
| 聯<br />
|-<br />
! Known <br />
| 已知<br />
|-<br />
! Law of continuity <br />
| 漸變之理<br />
|-<br />
! Leg of an angle <br />
| 夾角邊<br />
|-<br />
! Lemma <br />
| 例<br />
|-<br />
! Length <br />
| 長短<br />
|-<br />
! Less <br />
| 小<br />
|-<br />
! Limits <br />
| 限<br />
|-<br />
! Limited <br />
| 有限<br />
|-<br />
! Line <br />
| 線<br />
|-<br />
! Logarithm <br />
| 對數<br />
|-<br />
! Logarithmic curve <br />
| 對數曲線<br />
|-<br />
! Logarithmic spiral <br />
| 對數螺線<br />
|-<br />
! Lowest term <br />
| 最小率<br />
|-<br />
! Maximum <br />
| 極大<br />
|-<br />
! Mean proportion <br />
| 中率<br />
|-<br />
! Means <br />
| 中二率<br />
|-<br />
! Measure <br />
| 度<br />
|-<br />
! Meet <br />
| 遇<br />
|-<br />
! Minimum <br />
| 極小<br />
|-<br />
! Modulus <br />
| 對數根<br />
|-<br />
! Monomial <br />
| 一項式<br />
|-<br />
! Multinomial <br />
| 多項式<br />
|-<br />
! Multiple <br />
| 倍數<br />
|-<br />
! Multiple point <br />
| 倍點<br />
|-<br />
! Multiplicand <br />
| 實<br />
|-<br />
! Multiplication <br />
| 乘法<br />
|-<br />
! Multiplier <br />
| 法<br />
|-<br />
! Multiply <br />
| 乘<br />
|-<br />
! Negative <br />
| 負<br />
|-<br />
! Nonagon <br />
| 九邊形<br />
|-<br />
! Normal <br />
| 法線<br />
|-<br />
! Notation <br />
| 命位,紀法<br />
|-<br />
! Number <br />
| 數<br />
|-<br />
! Numerator <br />
| 分子,子數<br />
|-<br />
! Oblique <br />
| 斜<br />
|-<br />
! Obtuse <br />
| 鈍<br />
|-<br />
! Octagon <br />
| 八邊形<br />
|-<br />
! Octahedron <br />
| 八面體<br />
|-<br />
! Opposite <br />
| 對<br />
|-<br />
! Ordinate <br />
| 縱線<br />
|-<br />
! Origin of coordinate <br />
| 原點<br />
|-<br />
! Parabola <br />
| 拋物線<br />
|-<br />
! Parallel <br />
| 平行<br />
|-<br />
! Parallelogram <br />
| 平行邊形<br />
|-<br />
! Parallelepiped <br />
| 立方體<br />
|-<br />
! Parameter <br />
| 通徑<br />
|-<br />
! Part <br />
| 分,段<br />
|-<br />
! Partial differential <br />
| 偏微分<br />
|-<br />
! Partial differential coefficient <br />
| 偏微係數<br />
|-<br />
! Particular case <br />
| 私式<br />
|-<br />
! Pentagon <br />
| 五邊形<br />
|-<br />
! Perpendicular <br />
| 垂線,股<br />
|-<br />
! Plane <br />
| 平面<br />
|-<br />
! Point <br />
| 點<br />
|-<br />
! Point of contact <br />
| 切點<br />
|-<br />
! Point of inflection <br />
| 彎點<br />
|-<br />
! Point of intersection <br />
| 交點<br />
|-<br />
! Polar curve <br />
| 極曲線<br />
|-<br />
! Polar distance <br />
| 極距<br />
|-<br />
! Pole <br />
| 極<br />
|-<br />
! Polygon <br />
| 多邊形<br />
|-<br />
! Polyhedron <br />
| 多面體<br />
|-<br />
! Polynomial <br />
| 多項式<br />
|-<br />
! Positive <br />
| 正<br />
|-<br />
! Postulate <br />
| 求<br />
|-<br />
! Power <br />
| 方<br />
|-<br />
! Primitive axis <br />
| 舊軸<br />
|-<br />
! Problem <br />
| 題<br />
|-<br />
! Produce <br />
| 引長<br />
|-<br />
! Product <br />
| 得數<br />
|-<br />
! Proportion <br />
| 比例<br />
|-<br />
! Proposition <br />
| 款<br />
|-<br />
! Quadrant <br />
| 象限<br />
|-<br />
! Quadrilateral figure <br />
| 四邊形<br />
|-<br />
! Quadrinomial <br />
| 四項式<br />
|-<br />
! Quam proxime <br />
| 任近<br />
|-<br />
! Quantity <br />
| 幾何<br />
|-<br />
! Question <br />
| 問<br />
|-<br />
! Quindecagon <br />
| 十五邊形<br />
|-<br />
! Quotient <br />
| 得數<br />
|-<br />
! Radius <br />
| 半徑<br />
|-<br />
! Radius vector <br />
| 帶徑<br />
|-<br />
! Ratio <br />
| 率<br />
|-<br />
! Rational expression <br />
| 有比例式<br />
|-<br />
! Reciprocal <br />
| 交互<br />
|-<br />
! Rectangle <br />
| 矩形<br />
|-<br />
! Rectangular <br />
| 正<br />
|-<br />
! Reduce <br />
| 化<br />
|-<br />
! Reduce to a simple form <br />
| 相消<br />
|-<br />
! Regular <br />
| 正<br />
|-<br />
! Relation <br />
| 連屬之理<br />
|-<br />
! Represent <br />
| 顯<br />
|-<br />
! Reverse <br />
| 相反<br />
|-<br />
! Revolution <br />
| 匝<br />
|-<br />
! Right angle <br />
| 直角<br />
|-<br />
! Right-angled triangle <br />
| 勾股形<br />
|-<br />
! Round <br />
| 圜<br />
|-<br />
! Root <br />
| 根<br />
|-<br />
! Root of equation <br />
| 滅數<br />
|-<br />
! Scalene triangle <br />
| 不等邊三角形<br />
|-<br />
! Scholium <br />
| 案<br />
|-<br />
! Secant <br />
| 割線<br />
|-<br />
! Secant (trigonometrical) <br />
| 正割<br />
|-<br />
! Segment <br />
| 截段<br />
|-<br />
! Semicircle <br />
| 半圜周<br />
|-<br />
! Semicubical parabola <br />
| 半立方拋物線<br />
|-<br />
! Semibiquadratic parabola <br />
| 半三乘方拋物線<br />
|-<br />
! Series <br />
| 級數<br />
|-<br />
! Sextant <br />
| 記限<br />
|-<br />
! Side <br />
| 邊<br />
|-<br />
! Sign <br />
| 號<br />
|-<br />
! Similar <br />
| 相似<br />
|-<br />
! Sine <br />
| 正弦<br />
|-<br />
! Singular point <br />
| 獨異點<br />
|-<br />
! Smaller <br />
| 少<br />
|-<br />
! Solid <br />
| 體<br />
|-<br />
! Solidity <br />
| 體積<br />
|-<br />
! Sphere <br />
| 立圜體,球<br />
|-<br />
! Spiral <br />
| 螺線<br />
|-<br />
! Spiral of archimedes <br />
| 亞奇默德螺線<br />
|-<br />
! Square <br />
| 方,正方,冪<br />
|-<br />
! Square root <br />
| 平方根<br />
|-<br />
! Straight line <br />
| 直線<br />
|-<br />
! Subnormal <br />
| 次法線<br />
|-<br />
! Subtangent <br />
| 次切線<br />
|-<br />
! Subtract <br />
| 減<br />
|-<br />
! Subtraction <br />
| 減法<br />
|-<br />
! Sum <br />
| 和<br />
|-<br />
! Supplement <br />
| 外角<br />
|-<br />
! Supplementary chord <br />
| 餘通弦<br />
|-<br />
! Surface <br />
| 面<br />
|-<br />
! Surface of revolution <br />
| 曲面積<br />
|-<br />
! Symbol of quantity <br />
| 元<br />
|-<br />
! Table <br />
| 表<br />
|-<br />
! Tangent <br />
| 切線<br />
|-<br />
! Tangent (trigonometrical) <br />
| 正切<br />
|-<br />
! Term of an expression <br />
| 項<br />
|-<br />
! Term of ratio <br />
| 率<br />
|-<br />
! Tetrahedron <br />
| 四面體<br />
|-<br />
! Theorem <br />
| 術<br />
|-<br />
! Total differential <br />
| 全微分<br />
|-<br />
! Transcendental curve <br />
| 越曲線<br />
|-<br />
! Transcendental expression <br />
| 越式<br />
|-<br />
! Transcendental function <br />
| 越函數<br />
|-<br />
! Transform <br />
| 易<br />
|-<br />
! Transverse axis <br />
| 橫軸,橫徑<br />
|-<br />
! Trapezoid <br />
| 二平行邊四邊形<br />
|-<br />
! Triangle <br />
| 三角形<br />
|-<br />
! Trident <br />
| 三齒線<br />
|-<br />
! Trigonometry <br />
| 三角法<br />
|-<br />
! Trinomial <br />
| 三項式<br />
|-<br />
! Triplicate <br />
| 三倍<br />
|-<br />
! Trisection <br />
| 三等分<br />
|-<br />
! Unequal <br />
| 不等<br />
|-<br />
! Unit <br />
| 一<br />
|-<br />
! Unknown <br />
| 未知<br />
|-<br />
! Unlimited <br />
| 無線<br />
|-<br />
! Value <br />
| 同數<br />
|-<br />
! Variable <br />
| 變數<br />
|-<br />
! Variation <br />
| 變<br />
|-<br />
! Verification <br />
| 證<br />
|-<br />
! Versedsine <br />
| 正矢<br />
|-<br />
! Vertex <br />
| 頂點<br />
|-<br />
! Vertical plane <br />
| 縱面<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== 函数 ==<br />
<br />
<tabber><br />
文言=<br />
在卷十的开头,可以看到那句经典名句:<br />
<br />
{{from|微分之數有二,一曰常數,一曰變數;變數以天地人物等字代之,常數以甲乙子丑等字代之。<br><br>凡式中常數之同數俱不變。如直線之式爲<math>地\xlongequal{\qquad}甲天\bot乙</math>,則線之甲與乙,俱僅有一同數任在何點永不變,而天與地之同數則每點皆變也。<br><br>'''凡此變數中函彼變數,則此爲彼之函數。'''<br><br>如直線之式爲<math>地\xlongequal{\qquad}甲天\bot乙</math>,則地爲天之函數;又平圜之式爲<math>地\xlongequal{\qquad}\sqrt{味^二\top甲^二}</math>,味爲半徑,天爲正弦,地爲餘弦;橢圓之式爲<math>地\xlongequal{\qquad}</math>{{sfrac|呷|{{RareChar|𠮙|⿰口乙}}}}<math>\sqrt{二呷天\top天^二}</math>,皆地爲天之函數也。<br><br>設不明顯天之函數,但指地爲天之因變數,則如下式<math>天\xlongequal{\qquad}函(地) \ 地\xlongequal{\qquad}函(天)</math>,此天爲地之函數,亦地爲天之函數。|《代微積拾級·卷十 微分一·例》}}<br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">[[File:Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus (Chinese, 1859, 2).pdf|page=4|300px]][[File:Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus (Chinese, 1859, 2).pdf|page=3|300px]]</div><br />
|-|<br />
English=<br />
原文如下:<br />
{{from|1=A<span style{{=}}"font-size: 45%;>RTICLE</span> (157.) I<span style{{=}}"font-size: 45%;>N</span> the Differential Calculus, as in Analytical Geometry, there are two classes of quantities to be considered, viz., ''variables'' and ''constants''.<br><br>Variable quantities are generally represented by the last letters of the alphabet, ''x'', ''y'', ''z'', etc., and any values may be assigned to them which will satisfy the equations into which they enter.<br><br>Constant quantities are generally represented by the firstletters of the alphabet, ''a'', ''b'', ''c'', etc., and these always retain the same values throughout the same investigation.<br><br>Thus, in the equation of a straight line, <br><div style="text-align: center;"><math>y=ax+b</math>,</div>the quantities a and b have but one value for the same line, while ''x'' and ''y'' vary in value for every point of the line.<br><br>(158.) '''One variable is said to be a ''function'' of another variable, when the first is equal to a certain algebraic expression containing the second.''' Thus, in the equation of a straight line <br><div style="text-align: center;"><math>y=ax+b</math>,</div>''y'' is a function of ''x''. <br><br>So, also, in the equation of a circle, <br><div style="text-align: center;"><math>y=\sqrt{R^2-x^2}</math>;</div>and in the equation of the ellipse, <br><div style="text-align: center;"><math>y=\frac{B}{A}\sqrt{2Ax-x^2}</math>.</div>(159.) When we wish merely to denote that ''y'' is ''dependent'' upon ''x'' for its value, without giving the particular expression which shows the value of ''x'', we employ the notation<br><div style="text-align: center;"><math>y=F(x)</math>, or <math>y=f(x)</math>,<br><span style{{=}}"text-align: left; float: left;">or</span><math>x=F(y)</math>, or <math>x=f(y)</math>,</div>which expressions are read, ''y'' is a function of ''x'', or ''x'' is a function of ''y''.|2=''Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus'', Differential Calculus, Section I, Definitions and First Principles}}<br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">[[File:Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus.pdf|page=124|300px]][[File:Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus.pdf|page=125|300px]]</div><br />
</tabber><br />
<br />
“凡此变数中函彼变数,则此为彼之函数”(One variable is said to be a function of another variable, when the first is equal to a certain algebraic expression containing the second.)这句话,往往被讹传为出现在李善兰另一译作《代数学》中,其实并非如此,出处就是《代微积拾级》。<br />
<br />
== 微分 ==<br />
<br />
<tabber><br />
文言=<br />
同样是卷十,可以看到微分的定义:<br />
<br />
{{from|'''函數與變數之變比例俱謂之微分''',用彳號記之。如 <math>戌\xlongequal{\qquad}天^三</math>,則得比例 {{RareChar|𢓍|⿰彳天}} : [[File:Differential u.svg|16px]] <math>:: 一 : 三天^二</math>。{{RareChar|𢓍|⿰彳天}}[[File:Differential u.svg|16px]],爲天與戌之微分。后皆仿此,用表天與戌之變比例。以一四兩率相乘,二三兩率相乘,則得[[File:Differential u.svg|16px]]<math>\xlongequal{\qquad}三天^二</math>{{RareChar|𢓍|⿰彳天}}。此顯函數戌之變比例,等于 三天<sup>二</sup> 乘變數天之變比例。以{{RareChar|𢓍|⿰彳天}}約之,得{{sfrac|{{RareChar|𢓍|⿰彳天}}|[[File:Differential u.svg|16px]]}}<math>\xlongequal{\qquad}三天^二</math>。此顯變數之變比例,約函數之變比例,等于函數之微係數也。如戌爲天之函數,三天 爲戌之微係數,此舉立方以㮣其餘。|《代微積拾級·卷十 微分一·論函數微分·第二款》}}<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">[[File:Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus (Chinese, 1859, 2).pdf|page=19|300px]][[File:Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus (Chinese, 1859, 2).pdf|page=18|300px]]</div><br />
|-|<br />
English=<br />
原文如下:<br />
{{from|(170.) '''The rate of variation of a function or of any variable quantity is called its ''differential''''', and is denoted by the letter ''d'' placed before it. Thus, if<br><div style="text-align: center;"><math>u=x^3</math>,</div>then<br><div style="text-align: center;"><math>dx:du::1:3x^2</math>.</div>The expressions ''dx'', ''du'' are read differential of ''x'', differential of ''u'', and denote the rates of variation of ''x'' and ''u''.<br><br>If we multiply together the extremes and the means of the preceding proportion, we have<br><div style="text-align: center;"><math>du=3x^2dx</math>,</div>which signifies that the rate of increase of the function ''u'' is 3''x''<sup>2</sup> times that of the variable ''x''.<br><br>If we divide each member of the last equation by ''dx'', we have<br><div style="text-align: center;"><math>\frac{du}{dx}=3x^2</math>,</div>which expresses the ratio of the rate of variation of the function to that of the independent variable, and is called the ''differential coefficient'' of ''u'' regarded as a function of ''x''.|''Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus'', Differential Calculus, Section I, Differentiation of Algebraic Functions, Proposition II - Theorem}}<br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">[[File:Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus.pdf|page=131|300px]]</div><br />
<br />
注意,时至今日,微分号为了与量区别而记作<math>\mathrm{d}</math>,书中的微分号仍然是斜体<math>d</math>。<br />
<br />
</tabber><br />
<br />
书中所称“Differential Coefficient”,译作“微系数”,今天称作'''导数(Derivative)'''。无论是中英文,这种古老的说法都已很罕见。<br />
<br />
== 积分 ==<br />
<br />
<tabber><br />
文言=<br />
在卷十七,定义了积分:<br />
<br />
{{from|積分爲微分之還原,其法之要,在識別微分所由生之函數。如已得 天<sup>二</sup> 之微分爲 二天{{RareChar|𢓍|⿰彳天}},則有 二天{{RareChar|𢓍|⿰彳天}},即知所由生之函數爲 天<sup>二</sup>,而 天<sup>二</sup> 即爲積分。<br><br>'''已得微分所由生之函數爲積分。'''而積分或有常數附之,或無常數附之,既不能定,故式中恒附以常數,命爲{{RareChar|𠰳|⿰口丙}}。{{RareChar|𠰳|⿰口丙}}或有同數,或爲〇,須攷題乃知。<br><br>來本之視微分,若函數諸小較之一,諸小較并之,即成函數。故微分之左係一禾字,指欲取諸微分之積分也。如下式 禾二天{{RareChar|𢓍|⿰彳天}}<math>\xlongequal{\qquad} 天^二 \bot</math>{{RareChar|𠰳|⿰口丙}}。來氏說今西國天算家大率不用,而惟用此禾字,取其一覽了然也。|《代微積拾級·卷十七 積分一·總論》}}<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">[[File:Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus (Chinese, 1859, 3).pdf|page=4|300px]][[File:Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus (Chinese, 1859, 3).pdf|page=3|300px]]</div><br />
|-|<br />
English=<br />
原文如下:<br />
{{from|A<span style{{=}}"font-size: 70%;>RTICLE</span> (291.) T<span style{{=}}"font-size: 70%;>HE</span> Integral Calculus is the reverse of the Differential Calculus, its object being to determine the expression or function from which a given differential has been derived.<br><br>Thus we have found that the differential of ''x''<sup>2</sup> is 2''xdx'', therefore, if we have given 2''xdx'', we know that it must have been derived from ''x'', or plus a constant term.<br><br>(292.) '''The function from which the given differential has been derived, is called its ''integral''.''' Hence, as we are not certain whether the integral has a constant quantity or not added to it, we annex a constant quantity represented by C, the value of which is to be determined from the nature of the problem. <br><br>(293.) Leibnitz considered the differentials of functions as indefinitely small differences, and the sum of these indefinitely small differences he regarded as making up the function; hence the letter S was placed before the differential to show that the sum was to be taken. As it was frequently required to place S before a compound expression, it was elongated into the sign ''∫'', which, being placed before a differential, denotes that its integral is to be taken. Thus,<br><div style="text-align: center;"><math>\int 2xdx = x^2+C</math>.</div>This sign ''∫'' is still retained ever by those whu reject the philosophy of Leibnitz. |''Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus'', Integral Calculus, Section I, Integration of Monomial Differentials}}<br />
<br />
实际上,书中的积分号仅仅写作<span style="font-family:serif;">''∫''</span>,没有写得像今天的<math>\int</math>那么长。<br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">[[File:Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus.pdf|page=228|300px]]</div><br />
</tabber><br />
<br />
[[分类:数学]]<br />
<br />
{{Study}}</div>
SkyEye FAST
https://mh.wdf.ink/w/index.php?title=%E4%BB%A3%E5%BE%AE%E7%A7%AF%E6%8B%BE%E7%BA%A7&diff=3256
代微积拾级
2024-03-10T07:19:37Z
<p>SkyEye FAST:/* 函数 */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{tex}}<br />
<br />
{{Book<br />
| author = {{w|伟烈亚力}}口译<br>{{w|李善兰}}笔述<br>{{w|伊莱亚斯·罗密士}}原著<br />
| date = 1859<br />
| date_suffix = ,清咸丰九年(己未)<br>1851(原著)<br />
| press = 墨海书馆<br />
}}<br />
<br />
{{q|米利堅羅密士譔,英國偉烈亞力口譯,海寧李善蘭筆述。|《代微積拾級》}}<br />
<br />
'''《代微积{{ruby|拾|shè}}级》''',由英国汉学家、来华传教士{{w|伟烈亚力}}(Alexander Wylie,1815年4月6日-1887年2月10日)口译,清代数学家{{w|李善兰}}(1811年1月22日-1882年12月9日)笔述;1859年由上海{{w|墨海书馆}}(The London Missionary Society Press)出版。原著为美国数学家{{w|伊莱亚斯·罗密士}}(Elias Loomis,1811年8月7日-1889年8月15日)于1851年出版的'''《解析几何和微积分初步》(''Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus'')'''。<br />
<br />
据考证,李善兰翻译所用的底本,应为1852年再版的版本,而非1851年的初版(内容差别较大)。原著在1874年改版,在此之前有不下20个版次(包括1856年的第6版、1859年的第10版、1864年的第17版、1868年的第19版等),畅销程度可见一斑。<br />
<br />
1872年(明治5年),这本书被福田半译至日文,但书中并未使用李善兰创立的对应符号系统(参见[[#符号]]),而是使用原著的符号。<br />
<br />
需要注意的是,这本书中的定义以今天的眼光来看并不严谨。一方面,当时的微积分学基础并不牢固,(ε, δ)-极限定义还未出现,书中仍然只使用未严格定义的无穷小量来定义概念;另一方面,这本书本身就是入门教材,不应过于晦涩难懂。<br />
<br />
<gallery><br />
Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus (Chinese, 1859, 1).pdf|page=1|代(解析几何)<br />
Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus (Chinese, 1859, 2).pdf|page=1|微(微分)<br />
Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus (Chinese, 1859, 3).pdf|page=1|积(积分)<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
== 作者 ==<br />
<br />
{{from|'''李善蘭,字壬叔,海寧人。諸生。從陳奐受經,於算術好之獨深。'''十歲即通九章,後得測圓海鏡、句股割圜記,學益進。疑割圜法非自然,精思得其理。嘗謂道有一貫,藝亦然。測圓海鏡每題皆有法有草,法者,本題之法也;草者,用立天元一曲折以求本題之法,乃造法之法,法之源也。算術大至躔離交食,細至米鹽瑣碎,其法至繁,以立天元一演之,莫不能得其法。故立天元一者,算學中之一貫也。並時明算如錢塘戴煦,南匯張文虎,烏程徐有壬、汪曰楨,歸安張福僖,皆相友善。咸豐初,客上海,識英吉利偉烈亞力、艾約瑟、韋廉臣三人,偉烈亞力精天算,通華言。善蘭以歐幾里幾何原本十三卷、續二卷,明時譯得六卷,因與偉烈亞力同譯後九卷,西士精通幾何者尟,其第十卷尤玄奧,未易解,譌奪甚多,善蘭筆受時,輒以意匡補。譯成,偉烈亞力歎曰:「西士他日欲得善本,當求諸中國也!」<br><br>'''偉烈亞力又言美國天算名家羅密士嘗取代數、微分、積分合為一書,分款設題,較若列眉,復與善蘭同譯之,名曰代微積拾級十八卷。代數變天元、四元,別為新法,微分、積分二術,又藉徑於代數,實中土未有之奇秘。善蘭隨體剖析自然,得力於海鏡為多。'''<br><br>粵匪陷吳、越,依曾國籓軍中。同治七年,用巡撫郭嵩燾薦,徵入同文館,充算學總教習、總理衙門章京,授戶部郎中、三品卿銜。課同文館生以海鏡,而以代數演之,合中、西為一法,成就甚眾。光緒十年,卒於官,年垂七十。<br><br>善蘭聰彊絕人,其於算,能執理之至簡,馭數至繁,故衍之無不可通之數,抉之即無不可窮之理。所著則古昔齋算學,詳藝文志。世謂梅文鼎悟借根之出天元,善蘭能變四元而為代數,蓋梅氏後一人云。|《清史稿·列傳二百九十四·疇人二》}}<br />
<br />
== 影印本 ==<br />
* [[:File:Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus (Chinese, 1859, 1).pdf|卷一-卷九(解析几何)]]([[Media:Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus (Chinese, 1859, 1).pdf|源文件]])<br />
* [[:File:Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus (Chinese, 1859, 2).pdf|卷十-卷十六(微分)]]([[Media:Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus (Chinese, 1859, 2).pdf|源文件]])<br />
* [[:File:Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus (Chinese, 1859, 3).pdf|卷十七-卷十八(积分)]]([[Media:Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus (Chinese, 1859, 3).pdf|源文件]])<br />
* [[:File:Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus.pdf|英文原著]]([[Media:Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus.pdf|源文件]])<br />
<br />
== 符号 ==<br />
<br />
=== 字母 ===<br />
<br />
[[File:Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus (Chinese, 1859, 1).pdf|page=11|right|thumb|符号表,注意希腊字母{{lang|el|Ρ}}与{{lang|el|Μ}}对应颠倒]]<br />
<br />
在书中,小写{{w|拉丁字母}}以天干(10个)、地支(12个)和物(w)、天(x)、地(y)、人(z)对应;小写{{w|希腊字母}}以{{w|二十八宿}}的前24个对应。大写字母将小写字母对应的汉字左侧加上“口”来表示,即使加上口字旁的字已存在,也按照小写的读音来读(例如小写的v对应“亥”,那么大写的V对应的“咳”也读作hài)。另外还有一些专用的符号单独对应。<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; font-family:serif !important;"<br />
|+ 符号对照表<br />
|-<br />
! ''A''<br />
| {{ruby|呷|jiǎ}}<br />
! ''a''<br />
| 甲<br />
! {{lang|el|Α}}<br />
| {{ruby|唃|jiǎo}}<br />
! {{lang|el|α}}<br />
| {{ruby|角|jiǎo}}<br />
! F<br />
| {{RareChar|{{ruby|㖤|hán}}|⿰口函}}<br />
|-<br />
! ''B''<br />
| {{RareChar|{{ruby|𠮙|yǐ}}|⿰口乙}}<br />
! ''b''<br />
| 乙<br />
! {{lang|el|Β}}<br />
| {{ruby|吭|kàng}}<br />
! {{lang|el|β}}<br />
| {{ruby|亢|kàng}}<br />
! ''f''<br />
| 函<br />
|-<br />
! ''C''<br />
| {{RareChar|{{ruby|𠰳|bǐng}}|⿰口丙}}<br />
! ''c''<br />
| 丙<br />
! {{lang|el|Γ}}<br />
| {{ruby|呧|dǐ}}<br />
! {{lang|el|γ}}<br />
| {{ruby|氐|dǐ}}<br />
! {{lang|el|ϕ}}<br />
| {{RareChar|{{ruby|𭡝|hán}}|⿰扌函}}<br />
|-<br />
! ''D''<br />
| 叮<br />
! ''d''<br />
| 丁<br />
! {{lang|el|Δ}}<br />
| [[File:Uppercase Delta.svg|16px]]<br />
! {{lang|el|δ}}<br />
| 房<br />
! {{lang|el|ψ}}<br />
| 涵<br />
|-<br />
! ''E''<br />
| {{RareChar|{{ruby|𱒐|wù}}|⿰口戊}}<br />
! ''e''<br />
| 戊<br />
! {{lang|el|Ε}}<br />
| {{ruby|吣|xīn}}<br />
|<br />
|<br />
! {{lang|el|M}}<br />
| 根<br />
|-<br />
! ''F''<br />
| {{RareChar|{{ruby|𠯇|jǐ}}|⿰口己}}<br />
! ''f''<br />
| 己<br />
! {{lang|el|Ζ}}<br />
| {{ruby|𠳿|wěi}}<br />
! {{lang|el|ζ}}<br />
| 尾<br />
! {{lang|el|π}}<br />
| 周{{note|group="表注"|指{{w|圆周率}}。}}<br />
|-<br />
! ''G''<br />
| {{RareChar|{{ruby|𱓒|gēng}}|⿰口庚}}<br />
! ''g''<br />
| 庚<br />
! {{lang|el|Η}}<br />
| {{RareChar|{{ruby|𱕍|jī}}|⿰口箕}}<br />
! {{lang|el|η}}<br />
| {{ruby|箕|jī}}<br />
! {{lang|el|ε}}<br />
| {{ruby|訥|nè}}(讷){{note|group="表注"|指{{w|自然常数}},疑似应为e。}}<br />
|-<br />
! ''H''<br />
| {{RareChar|{{ruby|㖕|xīn}}|⿰口辛}}<br />
! ''h''<br />
| 辛<br />
! {{lang|el|Θ}}<br />
| {{ruby|呌|dǒu}}<br />
! {{lang|el|θ}}<br />
| {{ruby|斗|dǒu}}<br />
! ''d''<br />
| {{ruby|彳|wēi}}{{note|group="表注"|音同“微”,指微分号。}}<br />
|-<br />
! ''I''<br />
| {{RareChar|{{ruby|𠰃|rén}}|⿰口壬}}<br />
! ''i''<br />
| 壬<br />
! {{lang|el|Ι}}<br />
| {{ruby|吽|níu}}<br />
! {{lang|el|ι}}<br />
| 牛<br />
! ''∫''<br />
| {{ruby|禾|jī}}{{note|group="表注"|音同“积”,指积分号。}}<br />
|-<br />
! ''J''<br />
| {{RareChar|{{ruby|𱓩|guǐ}}|⿰口癸}}<br />
! ''j''<br />
| 癸<br />
! {{lang|el|Κ}}<br />
| {{ruby|𠯆|nǚ}}<br />
! {{lang|el|κ}}<br />
| 女<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! ''K''<br />
| {{ruby|吇|zǐ}}<br />
! ''k''<br />
| 子<br />
! {{lang|el|Λ}}<br />
| {{ruby|嘘|xū}}<br />
! {{lang|el|λ}}<br />
| 虛<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! ''L''<br />
| {{ruby|吜|choǔ}}<br />
! ''l''<br />
| 丑<br />
! {{lang|el|Μ}}<br />
| {{ruby|𠱓|wēi}}{{note|group="表注"|书中表格与{{lang|el|Ρ}}颠倒。}}<br />
! {{lang|el|μ}}<br />
| 危<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! ''M''<br />
| {{RareChar|{{ruby|𠻤|yín}}|⿰口寅}}<br />
! ''m''<br />
| 寅<br />
! {{lang|el|Ν}}<br />
| {{RareChar|{{ruby|㗌|shì}}|⿰口室}}<br />
! {{lang|el|ν}}<br />
| 室<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! ''N''<br />
| {{RareChar|{{ruby|𠰭|mǎo}}|⿰口卯}}<br />
! ''n''<br />
| 卯<br />
! {{lang|el|Ξ}}<br />
| [[File:Uppercase Xi.svg|16px]]<br />
! {{lang|el|ξ}}<br />
| 壁<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! ''O''<br />
| {{ruby|㖘|chén}}<br />
! ''o''<br />
| 辰<br />
! {{lang|el|Ο}}<br />
| {{ruby|喹|kuí}}<br />
! {{lang|el|ο}}<br />
| 奎<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! ''P''<br />
| {{RareChar|{{ruby|𱒄|sì}}|⿰口巳}}<br />
! ''p''<br />
| 巳<br />
! {{lang|el|Π}}<br />
| {{ruby|嘍|lóu}}(喽)<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! ''Q''<br />
| {{ruby|吘|wǔ}}<br />
! ''q''<br />
| 午<br />
! {{lang|el|Ρ}}<br />
| {{ruby|喟|wèi}}{{note|group="表注"|书中表格与{{lang|el|Μ}}颠倒。}}<br />
! {{lang|el|ρ}}<br />
| 胃<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! ''R''<br />
| 味<br />
! ''r''<br />
| 未<br />
! {{lang|el|Σ}}<br />
| {{RareChar|{{ruby|𭈾|mǎo}}|⿰口昴}}<br />
! {{lang|el|σ}}<br />
| {{ruby|昴|mǎo}}<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! ''S''<br />
| 呻<br />
! ''s''<br />
| 申<br />
! {{lang|el|Τ}}<br />
| {{ruby|嗶|bì}}(哔)<br />
! {{lang|el|τ}}<br />
| 畢(毕)<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! ''T''<br />
| {{ruby|唒|yǒu}}<br />
! ''t''<br />
| 酉<br />
! {{lang|el|Υ}}<br />
| {{ruby|嘴|zī}}<br />
! {{lang|el|υ}}<br />
| {{ruby|觜|zī}}<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! ''U''<br />
| {{RareChar|{{ruby|㖅|xù}}|⿰口戌}}<br />
! ''u''<br />
| 戌<br />
! {{lang|el|Φ}}<br />
| {{ruby|嘇|shēn}}({{RareChar|𰇼|⿰口参}})<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! ''V''<br />
| {{ruby|咳|hài}}<br />
! ''v''<br />
| 亥<br />
! {{lang|el|Χ}}<br />
| {{RareChar|{{ruby|𠯤|jǐn}}|⿰口井}}<br />
! {{lang|el|χ}}<br />
| 井<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! ''W''<br />
| {{RareChar|{{ruby|𭈘|wù}}|⿰口物}}<br />
! ''w''<br />
| 物<br />
! {{lang|el|Ψ}}<br />
| {{ruby|𠺌|guǐ}}<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! ''X''<br />
| {{RareChar|{{ruby|𱒆|tiān}}|⿰口天}}<br />
! ''x''<br />
| 天<br />
! {{lang|el|Ω}}<br />
| [[File:Uppercase Omega.svg|16px]]<br />
! {{lang|el|ω}}<br />
| 柳<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! ''Y''<br />
| {{ruby|哋|dì}}<br />
! ''y''<br />
| 地<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! Z<br />
| {{RareChar|{{ruby|㕥|rén}}|⿰口人}}<br />
! z<br />
| 人<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== 运算符及其他引进符号 ===<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; font-family:serif !important;"<br />
|-<br />
! LaTeX<br />
! HTML<br />
! 说明<br />
|-<br />
! <math>\bot</math>{{note|group="表注"|{{cd|\bot}}}}<br />
! ⊥{{note|group="表注"|U+22A5,{{cd|&amp;bottom;|&amp;bot;|&amp;perp;|&amp;UpTee;|&amp;#8869;}}}}<br />
| 正也,加也{{note|group="表注"|此处并非垂直符号<math>\perp</math>({{cd|\perp}})或⟂(U+27C2,{{cd|&amp;#10178;}})。不使用加号+(U+002B,{{cd|&amp;#plus;|&amp;#43;}})是因为易与汉字数字“十”混淆。此为“上”的古字(丄,U+4E04,{{cd|&amp;#19972;}})。}}<br />
|-<br />
! <math>\top</math>{{note|group="表注"|{{cd|\top}}}}<br />
! ⊤{{note|group="表注"|U+22A4,{{cd|&amp;top;|&amp;DownTee;|&amp;#8868;}}}}<br />
| 負也,減也{{note|group="表注"|不使用减号−(U+2212,{{cd|&amp;minus;|&amp;#8722;}})或连字暨减号-(U+002D,{{cd|&amp;#45;}})是因为易与汉字数字“一”混淆。此为“下”的古字(丅,U+4E05,{{cd|&amp;#19973;}} )。}}<br />
|-<br />
! <math>\times</math>{{note|group="表注"|{{cd|\times}}}}<br />
! ×{{note|group="表注"|U+00D7,{{cd|&amp;times;|&amp;#215;}}}}<br />
| 相乘也<br />
|-<br />
! <math>\div</math>{{note|group="表注"|{{cd|\div}}}}<br />
! ÷{{note|group="表注"|U+00F7,{{cd|&amp;divide;|&amp;#247;}}}}<br />
| 約也,或作<math>-</math><br />
|-<br />
! <math>::::</math> <br />
! ::::<br />
| 四率比例也<br />
|-<br />
! <math>()</math><br />
! ()<br />
| 括諸數為一數也,名曰括弧<br />
|-<br />
! <math>\sqrt{}</math>{{note|group="表注"|{{cd|\sqrt{&#125; }}}}<br />
! √<br />
| 開方根也<br />
|-<br />
! <math>=</math><br />
! =<br />
| 等於{{note|group="表注"|与原符号不同,书中为防止与汉字数字“二”混淆而被拉长。}}<br />
|-<br />
! <math><</math><br />
! <<br />
| 右大於左<br />
|-<br />
! <math>></math><br />
! ><br />
| 左大於右<br />
|-<br />
! <math>0</math><br />
! 0<br />
| 無也<br />
|-<br />
! <math>\infty</math>{{note|group="表注"|{{cd|\infty}}}}<br />
! ∞<br />
| 無窮也<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== 注释 ===<br />
<br />
{{notelist|表注}}<br />
<br />
== 术语 ==<br />
<br />
书中新创了大量术语,其中有很多沿用至今。<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed"<br />
|+ 术语表<br />
! 原文<br />
! 译文<br />
|-<br />
! Abbreviated expression <br />
| 簡式<br />
|-<br />
! Abscissa <br />
| 橫線<br />
|-<br />
! Acute angle <br />
| 銳角<br />
|-<br />
! Add <br />
| 加<br />
|-<br />
! Addition <br />
| 加法<br />
|-<br />
! Adjacent angle <br />
| 旁角<br />
|-<br />
! Algebra <br />
| 代數學<br />
|-<br />
! Algebra curve <br />
| 代數曲線<br />
|-<br />
! Altitude <br />
| 高,股,中垂線<br />
|-<br />
! Anomaly <br />
| 奇式<br />
|-<br />
! Answer <br />
| 答<br />
|-<br />
! Antecedent <br />
| 前{{ruby|率|shuài}}<br />
|-<br />
! Approximation <br />
| 迷率<br />
|-<br />
! Arc <br />
| 弧<br />
|-<br />
! Area <br />
| 面積<br />
|-<br />
! Arithmetic <br />
| 數學<br />
|-<br />
! Asymptote <br />
| 漸近線<br />
|-<br />
! Axiom <br />
| 公論<br />
|-<br />
! Axis <br />
| 軸,軸線<br />
|-<br />
! Axis major <br />
| 長徑,長軸<br />
|-<br />
! Axis minor <br />
| 短徑,短軸<br />
|-<br />
! Axis of abscissas <br />
| 橫軸<br />
|-<br />
! Axis of coordinates <br />
| 總橫軸<br />
|-<br />
! Axis of ordinate <br />
| 縱軸<br />
|-<br />
! Base <br />
| 底,勾<br />
|-<br />
! Binominal <br />
| 二項式<br />
|-<br />
! Binomial theorem <br />
| 合名法<br />
|-<br />
! Biquadratic parabola <br />
| 三乘方拋物線<br />
|-<br />
! Bisect <br />
| 平分<br />
|-<br />
! Brackets <br />
| 括弧<br />
|-<br />
! Center of an ellipse <br />
| 中點<br />
|-<br />
! Chord <br />
| 通弦<br />
|-<br />
! Circle <br />
| 平圜<br />
|-<br />
! Circular expression <br />
| 圜式<br />
|-<br />
! Circumference <br />
| 周<br />
|-<br />
! Circumsoribed <br />
| 外切<br />
|-<br />
! Coefficient <br />
| 係數<br />
|-<br />
! Common algebra expression <br />
| 代數常式<br />
|-<br />
! Coincide <br />
| 合<br />
|-<br />
! Commensurable <br />
| 有等數<br />
|-<br />
! Common <br />
| 公<br />
|-<br />
! Complement <br />
| 餘<br />
|-<br />
! Complementary angle <br />
| 餘角<br />
|-<br />
! Concave <br />
| 凹<br />
|-<br />
! Concentric <br />
| 同心<br />
|-<br />
! Cone <br />
| 圓錐<br />
|-<br />
! Conjugate axis <br />
| 相屬軸<br />
|-<br />
! Conjugate diameter <br />
| 相屬徑<br />
|-<br />
! Conjugate hyperbola <br />
| 相屬雙曲線<br />
|-<br />
! Consequent <br />
| 後率<br />
|-<br />
! Constant <br />
| 常數<br />
|-<br />
! Construct <br />
| 做圖<br />
|-<br />
! Contact <br />
| 切<br />
|-<br />
! Converging series <br />
| 斂級數<br />
|-<br />
! Convex <br />
| 凸<br />
|-<br />
! Coordinates <br />
| 總橫線<br />
|-<br />
! Corollary <br />
| 系<br />
|-<br />
! Cosecant <br />
| 餘割<br />
|-<br />
! Cosine <br />
| 餘弦<br />
|-<br />
! Cotangent <br />
| 餘切<br />
|-<br />
! Coversedsine <br />
| 餘矢<br />
|-<br />
! Cube <br />
| 立方<br />
|-<br />
! Cube root <br />
| 立方根<br />
|-<br />
! Cubical parabola <br />
| 立方根拋物線<br />
|-<br />
! Curvature <br />
| 曲率<br />
|-<br />
! Curve <br />
| 曲線<br />
|-<br />
! Cusp <br />
| 歧點<br />
|-<br />
! Cycloid <br />
| 擺線<br />
|-<br />
! Cylinder <br />
| 圜柱<br />
|-<br />
! Decagon <br />
| 十邊形<br />
|-<br />
! Decrease <br />
| 損<br />
|-<br />
! Decreasing function <br />
| 損函數<br />
|-<br />
! Definition <br />
| 界說<br />
|-<br />
! Degree of an expression <br />
| 次<br />
|-<br />
! Degree of angular measurement <br />
| 度<br />
|-<br />
! Denominator <br />
| 分母,母數<br />
|-<br />
! Dependent variable <br />
| 因變數<br />
|-<br />
! Diagonal <br />
| 對角線<br />
|-<br />
! Diameter <br />
| 徑<br />
|-<br />
! Difference <br />
| 較<br />
|-<br />
! Differential <br />
| 微分<br />
|-<br />
! Differential calculus <br />
| 微分學<br />
|-<br />
! Differential coefficient <br />
| 微係數<br />
|-<br />
! Differentiate <br />
| 求微分<br />
|-<br />
! Direction <br />
| 方向<br />
|-<br />
! Directrix <br />
| 準線<br />
|-<br />
! Distance <br />
| 距線<br />
|-<br />
! Diverging lines <br />
| 漸遠線<br />
|-<br />
! Diverging series <br />
| 發級數<br />
|-<br />
! Divide <br />
| 約<br />
|-<br />
! Dividend <br />
| 實<br />
|-<br />
! Division (absolute) <br />
| 約法<br />
|-<br />
! Division (concrete) <br />
| 除法<br />
|-<br />
! Divisor <br />
| 法<br />
|-<br />
! Dodecahedron <br />
| 十二面體<br />
|-<br />
! Duplicate <br />
| 倍比例<br />
|-<br />
! Edge of polyhedron <br />
| 稜<br />
|-<br />
! Ellipse <br />
| 橢圓<br />
|-<br />
! Equal <br />
| 等<br />
|-<br />
! Equation <br />
| 方程式<br />
|-<br />
! Equation of condition <br />
| 偶方程式<br />
|-<br />
! Equiangular <br />
| 等角<br />
|-<br />
! Equilateral <br />
| 等邊<br />
|-<br />
! Equimultiple <br />
| 等倍數<br />
|-<br />
! Evolute <br />
| 漸申線<br />
|-<br />
! Evolution <br />
| 開方<br />
|-<br />
! Expand <br />
| 詳<br />
|-<br />
! Expansion <br />
| 詳式<br />
|-<br />
! Explicit function <br />
| 陽函數<br />
|-<br />
! Exponent <br />
| 指數<br />
|-<br />
! Expression <br />
| 式<br />
|-<br />
! Extreme and mean ratio <br />
| 中末比例<br />
|-<br />
! Extremes of a proportion <br />
| 首尾二率<br />
|-<br />
! Face <br />
| 面<br />
|-<br />
! Factor <br />
| 乘數<br />
|-<br />
! Figure <br />
| 行、圖<br />
|-<br />
! Focus of a conic section <br />
| 心<br />
|-<br />
! Formula <br />
| 法<br />
|-<br />
! Fourth proportional <br />
| 四率<br />
|-<br />
! Fraction <br />
| 分<br />
|-<br />
! Fractional expression <br />
| 分式<br />
|-<br />
! Frustum <br />
| 截圜錐<br />
|-<br />
! Function <br />
| 函數<br />
|-<br />
! General expression <br />
| 公式<br />
|-<br />
! Generate <br />
| 生<br />
|-<br />
! Generating circle <br />
| 母輪<br />
|-<br />
! Generating point <br />
| 母點<br />
|-<br />
! Geometry <br />
| 幾何學<br />
|-<br />
! Given ratio <br />
| 定率<br />
|-<br />
! Great circle <br />
| 大圈<br />
|-<br />
! Greater <br />
| 大<br />
|-<br />
! Hemisphere <br />
| 半球<br />
|-<br />
! Hendecagon <br />
| 十一邊形<br />
|-<br />
! Heptagon <br />
| 七邊形<br />
|-<br />
! Hexagon <br />
| 六邊形<br />
|-<br />
! Hexahedron <br />
| 六面體<br />
|-<br />
! Homogeneous <br />
| 同類<br />
|-<br />
! Homologous <br />
| 相當<br />
|-<br />
! Hypoerbola <br />
| 雙曲線,雙線<br />
|-<br />
! Hyperbolic spiral <br />
| 雙線螺旋<br />
|-<br />
! Hypotheneuse <br />
| 弦<br />
|-<br />
! Icosahedron <br />
| 二十面體<br />
|-<br />
! Implicit function <br />
| 陰函數<br />
|-<br />
! Impossible expression <br />
| 不能式<br />
|-<br />
! Inclination <br />
| 倚度<br />
|-<br />
! Incommensurable <br />
| 無等數<br />
|-<br />
! Increase <br />
| 增<br />
|-<br />
! Increasing function <br />
| 增函數<br />
|-<br />
! Increment <br />
| 長數<br />
|-<br />
! Indefinite <br />
| 無定<br />
|-<br />
! Independent variable <br />
| 自變數<br />
|-<br />
! Indeterminate <br />
| 未定<br />
|-<br />
! Infinite <br />
| 無窮<br />
|-<br />
! Inscribed <br />
| 內切,所容<br />
|-<br />
! Integral <br />
| 積分<br />
|-<br />
! Integral calculus <br />
| 積分學<br />
|-<br />
! Integrate <br />
| 求積分<br />
|-<br />
! Interior <br />
| 裏<br />
|-<br />
! Intersect <br />
| 交<br />
|-<br />
! Intersect at right angles <br />
| 正交<br />
|-<br />
! Inverse circular expression <br />
| 反圜式<br />
|-<br />
! Inverse proportion <br />
| 反比例<br />
|-<br />
! Irrational <br />
| 無比例<br />
|-<br />
! Isolated point <br />
| 特點<br />
|-<br />
! Isosceles triangle <br />
| 二等邊三角形<br />
|-<br />
! Join <br />
| 聯<br />
|-<br />
! Known <br />
| 已知<br />
|-<br />
! Law of continuity <br />
| 漸變之理<br />
|-<br />
! Leg of an angle <br />
| 夾角邊<br />
|-<br />
! Lemma <br />
| 例<br />
|-<br />
! Length <br />
| 長短<br />
|-<br />
! Less <br />
| 小<br />
|-<br />
! Limits <br />
| 限<br />
|-<br />
! Limited <br />
| 有限<br />
|-<br />
! Line <br />
| 線<br />
|-<br />
! Logarithm <br />
| 對數<br />
|-<br />
! Logarithmic curve <br />
| 對數曲線<br />
|-<br />
! Logarithmic spiral <br />
| 對數螺線<br />
|-<br />
! Lowest term <br />
| 最小率<br />
|-<br />
! Maximum <br />
| 極大<br />
|-<br />
! Mean proportion <br />
| 中率<br />
|-<br />
! Means <br />
| 中二率<br />
|-<br />
! Measure <br />
| 度<br />
|-<br />
! Meet <br />
| 遇<br />
|-<br />
! Minimum <br />
| 極小<br />
|-<br />
! Modulus <br />
| 對數根<br />
|-<br />
! Monomial <br />
| 一項式<br />
|-<br />
! Multinomial <br />
| 多項式<br />
|-<br />
! Multiple <br />
| 倍數<br />
|-<br />
! Multiple point <br />
| 倍點<br />
|-<br />
! Multiplicand <br />
| 實<br />
|-<br />
! Multiplication <br />
| 乘法<br />
|-<br />
! Multiplier <br />
| 法<br />
|-<br />
! Multiply <br />
| 乘<br />
|-<br />
! Negative <br />
| 負<br />
|-<br />
! Nonagon <br />
| 九邊形<br />
|-<br />
! Normal <br />
| 法線<br />
|-<br />
! Notation <br />
| 命位,紀法<br />
|-<br />
! Number <br />
| 數<br />
|-<br />
! Numerator <br />
| 分子,子數<br />
|-<br />
! Oblique <br />
| 斜<br />
|-<br />
! Obtuse <br />
| 鈍<br />
|-<br />
! Octagon <br />
| 八邊形<br />
|-<br />
! Octahedron <br />
| 八面體<br />
|-<br />
! Opposite <br />
| 對<br />
|-<br />
! Ordinate <br />
| 縱線<br />
|-<br />
! Origin of coordinate <br />
| 原點<br />
|-<br />
! Parabola <br />
| 拋物線<br />
|-<br />
! Parallel <br />
| 平行<br />
|-<br />
! Parallelogram <br />
| 平行邊形<br />
|-<br />
! Parallelepiped <br />
| 立方體<br />
|-<br />
! Parameter <br />
| 通徑<br />
|-<br />
! Part <br />
| 分,段<br />
|-<br />
! Partial differential <br />
| 偏微分<br />
|-<br />
! Partial differential coefficient <br />
| 偏微係數<br />
|-<br />
! Particular case <br />
| 私式<br />
|-<br />
! Pentagon <br />
| 五邊形<br />
|-<br />
! Perpendicular <br />
| 垂線,股<br />
|-<br />
! Plane <br />
| 平面<br />
|-<br />
! Point <br />
| 點<br />
|-<br />
! Point of contact <br />
| 切點<br />
|-<br />
! Point of inflection <br />
| 彎點<br />
|-<br />
! Point of intersection <br />
| 交點<br />
|-<br />
! Polar curve <br />
| 極曲線<br />
|-<br />
! Polar distance <br />
| 極距<br />
|-<br />
! Pole <br />
| 極<br />
|-<br />
! Polygon <br />
| 多邊形<br />
|-<br />
! Polyhedron <br />
| 多面體<br />
|-<br />
! Polynomial <br />
| 多項式<br />
|-<br />
! Positive <br />
| 正<br />
|-<br />
! Postulate <br />
| 求<br />
|-<br />
! Power <br />
| 方<br />
|-<br />
! Primitive axis <br />
| 舊軸<br />
|-<br />
! Problem <br />
| 題<br />
|-<br />
! Produce <br />
| 引長<br />
|-<br />
! Product <br />
| 得數<br />
|-<br />
! Proportion <br />
| 比例<br />
|-<br />
! Proposition <br />
| 款<br />
|-<br />
! Quadrant <br />
| 象限<br />
|-<br />
! Quadrilateral figure <br />
| 四邊形<br />
|-<br />
! Quadrinomial <br />
| 四項式<br />
|-<br />
! Quam proxime <br />
| 任近<br />
|-<br />
! Quantity <br />
| 幾何<br />
|-<br />
! Question <br />
| 問<br />
|-<br />
! Quindecagon <br />
| 十五邊形<br />
|-<br />
! Quotient <br />
| 得數<br />
|-<br />
! Radius <br />
| 半徑<br />
|-<br />
! Radius vector <br />
| 帶徑<br />
|-<br />
! Ratio <br />
| 率<br />
|-<br />
! Rational expression <br />
| 有比例式<br />
|-<br />
! Reciprocal <br />
| 交互<br />
|-<br />
! Rectangle <br />
| 矩形<br />
|-<br />
! Rectangular <br />
| 正<br />
|-<br />
! Reduce <br />
| 化<br />
|-<br />
! Reduce to a simple form <br />
| 相消<br />
|-<br />
! Regular <br />
| 正<br />
|-<br />
! Relation <br />
| 連屬之理<br />
|-<br />
! Represent <br />
| 顯<br />
|-<br />
! Reverse <br />
| 相反<br />
|-<br />
! Revolution <br />
| 匝<br />
|-<br />
! Right angle <br />
| 直角<br />
|-<br />
! Right-angled triangle <br />
| 勾股形<br />
|-<br />
! Round <br />
| 圜<br />
|-<br />
! Root <br />
| 根<br />
|-<br />
! Root of equation <br />
| 滅數<br />
|-<br />
! Scalene triangle <br />
| 不等邊三角形<br />
|-<br />
! Scholium <br />
| 案<br />
|-<br />
! Secant <br />
| 割線<br />
|-<br />
! Secant (trigonometrical) <br />
| 正割<br />
|-<br />
! Segment <br />
| 截段<br />
|-<br />
! Semicircle <br />
| 半圜周<br />
|-<br />
! Semicubical parabola <br />
| 半立方拋物線<br />
|-<br />
! Semibiquadratic parabola <br />
| 半三乘方拋物線<br />
|-<br />
! Series <br />
| 級數<br />
|-<br />
! Sextant <br />
| 記限<br />
|-<br />
! Side <br />
| 邊<br />
|-<br />
! Sign <br />
| 號<br />
|-<br />
! Similar <br />
| 相似<br />
|-<br />
! Sine <br />
| 正弦<br />
|-<br />
! Singular point <br />
| 獨異點<br />
|-<br />
! Smaller <br />
| 少<br />
|-<br />
! Solid <br />
| 體<br />
|-<br />
! Solidity <br />
| 體積<br />
|-<br />
! Sphere <br />
| 立圜體,球<br />
|-<br />
! Spiral <br />
| 螺線<br />
|-<br />
! Spiral of archimedes <br />
| 亞奇默德螺線<br />
|-<br />
! Square <br />
| 方,正方,冪<br />
|-<br />
! Square root <br />
| 平方根<br />
|-<br />
! Straight line <br />
| 直線<br />
|-<br />
! Subnormal <br />
| 次法線<br />
|-<br />
! Subtangent <br />
| 次切線<br />
|-<br />
! Subtract <br />
| 減<br />
|-<br />
! Subtraction <br />
| 減法<br />
|-<br />
! Sum <br />
| 和<br />
|-<br />
! Supplement <br />
| 外角<br />
|-<br />
! Supplementary chord <br />
| 餘通弦<br />
|-<br />
! Surface <br />
| 面<br />
|-<br />
! Surface of revolution <br />
| 曲面積<br />
|-<br />
! Symbol of quantity <br />
| 元<br />
|-<br />
! Table <br />
| 表<br />
|-<br />
! Tangent <br />
| 切線<br />
|-<br />
! Tangent (trigonometrical) <br />
| 正切<br />
|-<br />
! Term of an expression <br />
| 項<br />
|-<br />
! Term of ratio <br />
| 率<br />
|-<br />
! Tetrahedron <br />
| 四面體<br />
|-<br />
! Theorem <br />
| 術<br />
|-<br />
! Total differential <br />
| 全微分<br />
|-<br />
! Transcendental curve <br />
| 越曲線<br />
|-<br />
! Transcendental expression <br />
| 越式<br />
|-<br />
! Transcendental function <br />
| 越函數<br />
|-<br />
! Transform <br />
| 易<br />
|-<br />
! Transverse axis <br />
| 橫軸,橫徑<br />
|-<br />
! Trapezoid <br />
| 二平行邊四邊形<br />
|-<br />
! Triangle <br />
| 三角形<br />
|-<br />
! Trident <br />
| 三齒線<br />
|-<br />
! Trigonometry <br />
| 三角法<br />
|-<br />
! Trinomial <br />
| 三項式<br />
|-<br />
! Triplicate <br />
| 三倍<br />
|-<br />
! Trisection <br />
| 三等分<br />
|-<br />
! Unequal <br />
| 不等<br />
|-<br />
! Unit <br />
| 一<br />
|-<br />
! Unknown <br />
| 未知<br />
|-<br />
! Unlimited <br />
| 無線<br />
|-<br />
! Value <br />
| 同數<br />
|-<br />
! Variable <br />
| 變數<br />
|-<br />
! Variation <br />
| 變<br />
|-<br />
! Verification <br />
| 證<br />
|-<br />
! Versedsine <br />
| 正矢<br />
|-<br />
! Vertex <br />
| 頂點<br />
|-<br />
! Vertical plane <br />
| 縱面<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== 函数 ==<br />
<br />
<tabber><br />
文言=<br />
在卷十的开头,可以看到那句经典名句:<br />
<br />
{{from|微分之數有二,一曰常數,一曰變數;變數以天地人物等字代之,常數以甲乙子丑等字代之。<br><br>凡式中常數之同數俱不變。如直線之式爲<math>地\xlongequal{\qquad}甲天\bot乙</math>,則線之甲與乙,俱僅有一同數任在何點永不變,而天與地之同數則每點皆變也。<br><br>'''凡此變數中函彼變數,則此爲彼之函數。'''<br><br>如直線之式爲<math>地\xlongequal{\qquad}甲天\bot乙</math>,則地爲天之函數;又平圜之式爲<math>地\xlongequal{\qquad}\sqrt{味^二\top甲^二}</math>,味爲半徑,天爲正弦,地爲餘弦;橢圓之式爲<math>地\xlongequal{\qquad}</math>{{sfrac|呷|{{RareChar|𠮙|⿰口乙}}}}<math>\sqrt{二呷天\top天^二}</math>,皆地爲天之函數也。<br><br>設不明顯天之函數,但指地爲天之因變數,則如下式<math>天\xlongequal{\qquad}函(地) \ 地\xlongequal{\qquad}函(天)</math>,此天爲地之函數,亦地爲天之函數。|《代微積拾級·卷十 微分一·例》}}<br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">[[File:Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus (Chinese, 1859, 2).pdf|page=4|300px]][[File:Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus (Chinese, 1859, 2).pdf|page=3|300px]]</div><br />
|-|<br />
English=<br />
原文如下:<br />
{{from|1=A<span style{{=}}"font-size: 70%;>RTICLE</span> (157.) I<span style{{=}}"font-size: 70%;>N</span> the Differential Calculus, as in Analytical Geometry, there are two classes of quantities to be considered, viz., ''variables'' and ''constants''.<br><br>Variable quantities are generally represented by the last letters of the alphabet, ''x'', ''y'', ''z'', etc., and any values may be assigned to them which will satisfy the equations into which they enter.<br><br>Constant quantities are generally represented by the firstletters of the alphabet, ''a'', ''b'', ''c'', etc., and these always retain the same values throughout the same investigation.<br><br>Thus, in the equation of a straight line, <br><div style="text-align: center;"><math>y=ax+b</math>,</div>the quantities a and b have but one value for the same line, while ''x'' and ''y'' vary in value for every point of the line.<br><br>(158.) '''One variable is said to be a ''function'' of another variable, when the first is equal to a certain algebraic expression containing the second.''' Thus, in the equation of a straight line <br><div style="text-align: center;"><math>y=ax+b</math>,</div>''y'' is a function of ''x''. <br><br>So, also, in the equation of a circle, <br><div style="text-align: center;"><math>y=\sqrt{R^2-x^2}</math>;</div>and in the equation of the ellipse, <br><div style="text-align: center;"><math>y=\frac{B}{A}\sqrt{2Ax-x^2}</math>.</div>(159.) When we wish merely to denote that ''y'' is ''dependent'' upon ''x'' for its value, without giving the particular expression which shows the value of ''x'', we employ the notation<br><div style="text-align: center;"><math>y=F(x)</math>, or <math>y=f(x)</math>,<br><span style{{=}}"text-align: left; float: left;">or</span><math>x=F(y)</math>, or <math>x=f(y)</math>,</div>which expressions are read, ''y'' is a function of ''x'', or ''x'' is a function of ''y''.|2=''Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus'', Differential Calculus, Section I, Definitions and First Principles}}<br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">[[File:Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus.pdf|page=124|300px]][[File:Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus.pdf|page=125|300px]]</div><br />
</tabber><br />
<br />
“凡此变数中函彼变数,则此为彼之函数”(One variable is said to be a function of another variable, when the first is equal to a certain algebraic expression containing the second.)这句话,往往被讹传为出现在李善兰另一译作《代数学》中,其实并非如此,出处就是《代微积拾级》。<br />
<br />
== 微分 ==<br />
<br />
<tabber><br />
文言=<br />
同样是卷十,可以看到微分的定义:<br />
<br />
{{from|'''函數與變數之變比例俱謂之微分''',用彳號記之。如 <math>戌\xlongequal{\qquad}天^三</math>,則得比例 {{RareChar|𢓍|⿰彳天}} : [[File:Differential u.svg|16px]] <math>:: 一 : 三天^二</math>。{{RareChar|𢓍|⿰彳天}}[[File:Differential u.svg|16px]],爲天與戌之微分。后皆仿此,用表天與戌之變比例。以一四兩率相乘,二三兩率相乘,則得[[File:Differential u.svg|16px]]<math>\xlongequal{\qquad}三天^二</math>{{RareChar|𢓍|⿰彳天}}。此顯函數戌之變比例,等于 三天<sup>二</sup> 乘變數天之變比例。以{{RareChar|𢓍|⿰彳天}}約之,得{{sfrac|{{RareChar|𢓍|⿰彳天}}|[[File:Differential u.svg|16px]]}}<math>\xlongequal{\qquad}三天^二</math>。此顯變數之變比例,約函數之變比例,等于函數之微係數也。如戌爲天之函數,三天 爲戌之微係數,此舉立方以㮣其餘。|《代微積拾級·卷十 微分一·論函數微分·第二款》}}<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">[[File:Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus (Chinese, 1859, 2).pdf|page=19|300px]][[File:Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus (Chinese, 1859, 2).pdf|page=18|300px]]</div><br />
|-|<br />
English=<br />
原文如下:<br />
{{from|(170.) '''The rate of variation of a function or of any variable quantity is called its ''differential''''', and is denoted by the letter ''d'' placed before it. Thus, if<br><div style="text-align: center;"><math>u=x^3</math>,</div>then<br><div style="text-align: center;"><math>dx:du::1:3x^2</math>.</div>The expressions ''dx'', ''du'' are read differential of ''x'', differential of ''u'', and denote the rates of variation of ''x'' and ''u''.<br><br>If we multiply together the extremes and the means of the preceding proportion, we have<br><div style="text-align: center;"><math>du=3x^2dx</math>,</div>which signifies that the rate of increase of the function ''u'' is 3''x''<sup>2</sup> times that of the variable ''x''.<br><br>If we divide each member of the last equation by ''dx'', we have<br><div style="text-align: center;"><math>\frac{du}{dx}=3x^2</math>,</div>which expresses the ratio of the rate of variation of the function to that of the independent variable, and is called the ''differential coefficient'' of ''u'' regarded as a function of ''x''.|''Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus'', Differential Calculus, Section I, Differentiation of Algebraic Functions, Proposition II - Theorem}}<br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">[[File:Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus.pdf|page=131|300px]]</div><br />
<br />
注意,时至今日,微分号为了与量区别而记作<math>\mathrm{d}</math>,书中的微分号仍然是斜体<math>d</math>。<br />
<br />
</tabber><br />
<br />
书中所称“Differential Coefficient”,译作“微系数”,今天称作'''导数(Derivative)'''。无论是中英文,这种古老的说法都已很罕见。<br />
<br />
== 积分 ==<br />
<br />
<tabber><br />
文言=<br />
在卷十七,定义了积分:<br />
<br />
{{from|積分爲微分之還原,其法之要,在識別微分所由生之函數。如已得 天<sup>二</sup> 之微分爲 二天{{RareChar|𢓍|⿰彳天}},則有 二天{{RareChar|𢓍|⿰彳天}},即知所由生之函數爲 天<sup>二</sup>,而 天<sup>二</sup> 即爲積分。<br><br>'''已得微分所由生之函數爲積分。'''而積分或有常數附之,或無常數附之,既不能定,故式中恒附以常數,命爲{{RareChar|𠰳|⿰口丙}}。{{RareChar|𠰳|⿰口丙}}或有同數,或爲〇,須攷題乃知。<br><br>來本之視微分,若函數諸小較之一,諸小較并之,即成函數。故微分之左係一禾字,指欲取諸微分之積分也。如下式 禾二天{{RareChar|𢓍|⿰彳天}}<math>\xlongequal{\qquad} 天^二 \bot</math>{{RareChar|𠰳|⿰口丙}}。來氏說今西國天算家大率不用,而惟用此禾字,取其一覽了然也。|《代微積拾級·卷十七 積分一·總論》}}<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">[[File:Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus (Chinese, 1859, 3).pdf|page=4|300px]][[File:Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus (Chinese, 1859, 3).pdf|page=3|300px]]</div><br />
|-|<br />
English=<br />
原文如下:<br />
{{from|A<span style{{=}}"font-size: 70%;>RTICLE</span> (291.) T<span style{{=}}"font-size: 70%;>HE</span> Integral Calculus is the reverse of the Differential Calculus, its object being to determine the expression or function from which a given differential has been derived.<br><br>Thus we have found that the differential of ''x''<sup>2</sup> is 2''xdx'', therefore, if we have given 2''xdx'', we know that it must have been derived from ''x'', or plus a constant term.<br><br>(292.) '''The function from which the given differential has been derived, is called its ''integral''.''' Hence, as we are not certain whether the integral has a constant quantity or not added to it, we annex a constant quantity represented by C, the value of which is to be determined from the nature of the problem. <br><br>(293.) Leibnitz considered the differentials of functions as indefinitely small differences, and the sum of these indefinitely small differences he regarded as making up the function; hence the letter S was placed before the differential to show that the sum was to be taken. As it was frequently required to place S before a compound expression, it was elongated into the sign ''∫'', which, being placed before a differential, denotes that its integral is to be taken. Thus,<br><div style="text-align: center;"><math>\int 2xdx = x^2+C</math>.</div>This sign ''∫'' is still retained ever by those whu reject the philosophy of Leibnitz. |''Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus'', Integral Calculus, Section I, Integration of Monomial Differentials}}<br />
<br />
实际上,书中的积分号仅仅写作<span style="font-family:serif;">''∫''</span>,没有写得像今天的<math>\int</math>那么长。<br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">[[File:Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus.pdf|page=228|300px]]</div><br />
</tabber><br />
<br />
[[分类:数学]]<br />
<br />
{{Study}}</div>
SkyEye FAST
https://mh.wdf.ink/w/index.php?title=%E4%BB%A3%E5%BE%AE%E7%A7%AF%E6%8B%BE%E7%BA%A7&diff=3255
代微积拾级
2024-03-10T07:17:40Z
<p>SkyEye FAST:/* 函数 */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{tex}}<br />
<br />
{{Book<br />
| author = {{w|伟烈亚力}}口译<br>{{w|李善兰}}笔述<br>{{w|伊莱亚斯·罗密士}}原著<br />
| date = 1859<br />
| date_suffix = ,清咸丰九年(己未)<br>1851(原著)<br />
| press = 墨海书馆<br />
}}<br />
<br />
{{q|米利堅羅密士譔,英國偉烈亞力口譯,海寧李善蘭筆述。|《代微積拾級》}}<br />
<br />
'''《代微积{{ruby|拾|shè}}级》''',由英国汉学家、来华传教士{{w|伟烈亚力}}(Alexander Wylie,1815年4月6日-1887年2月10日)口译,清代数学家{{w|李善兰}}(1811年1月22日-1882年12月9日)笔述;1859年由上海{{w|墨海书馆}}(The London Missionary Society Press)出版。原著为美国数学家{{w|伊莱亚斯·罗密士}}(Elias Loomis,1811年8月7日-1889年8月15日)于1851年出版的'''《解析几何和微积分初步》(''Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus'')'''。<br />
<br />
据考证,李善兰翻译所用的底本,应为1852年再版的版本,而非1851年的初版(内容差别较大)。原著在1874年改版,在此之前有不下20个版次(包括1856年的第6版、1859年的第10版、1864年的第17版、1868年的第19版等),畅销程度可见一斑。<br />
<br />
1872年(明治5年),这本书被福田半译至日文,但书中并未使用李善兰创立的对应符号系统(参见[[#符号]]),而是使用原著的符号。<br />
<br />
需要注意的是,这本书中的定义以今天的眼光来看并不严谨。一方面,当时的微积分学基础并不牢固,(ε, δ)-极限定义还未出现,书中仍然只使用未严格定义的无穷小量来定义概念;另一方面,这本书本身就是入门教材,不应过于晦涩难懂。<br />
<br />
<gallery><br />
Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus (Chinese, 1859, 1).pdf|page=1|代(解析几何)<br />
Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus (Chinese, 1859, 2).pdf|page=1|微(微分)<br />
Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus (Chinese, 1859, 3).pdf|page=1|积(积分)<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
== 作者 ==<br />
<br />
{{from|'''李善蘭,字壬叔,海寧人。諸生。從陳奐受經,於算術好之獨深。'''十歲即通九章,後得測圓海鏡、句股割圜記,學益進。疑割圜法非自然,精思得其理。嘗謂道有一貫,藝亦然。測圓海鏡每題皆有法有草,法者,本題之法也;草者,用立天元一曲折以求本題之法,乃造法之法,法之源也。算術大至躔離交食,細至米鹽瑣碎,其法至繁,以立天元一演之,莫不能得其法。故立天元一者,算學中之一貫也。並時明算如錢塘戴煦,南匯張文虎,烏程徐有壬、汪曰楨,歸安張福僖,皆相友善。咸豐初,客上海,識英吉利偉烈亞力、艾約瑟、韋廉臣三人,偉烈亞力精天算,通華言。善蘭以歐幾里幾何原本十三卷、續二卷,明時譯得六卷,因與偉烈亞力同譯後九卷,西士精通幾何者尟,其第十卷尤玄奧,未易解,譌奪甚多,善蘭筆受時,輒以意匡補。譯成,偉烈亞力歎曰:「西士他日欲得善本,當求諸中國也!」<br><br>'''偉烈亞力又言美國天算名家羅密士嘗取代數、微分、積分合為一書,分款設題,較若列眉,復與善蘭同譯之,名曰代微積拾級十八卷。代數變天元、四元,別為新法,微分、積分二術,又藉徑於代數,實中土未有之奇秘。善蘭隨體剖析自然,得力於海鏡為多。'''<br><br>粵匪陷吳、越,依曾國籓軍中。同治七年,用巡撫郭嵩燾薦,徵入同文館,充算學總教習、總理衙門章京,授戶部郎中、三品卿銜。課同文館生以海鏡,而以代數演之,合中、西為一法,成就甚眾。光緒十年,卒於官,年垂七十。<br><br>善蘭聰彊絕人,其於算,能執理之至簡,馭數至繁,故衍之無不可通之數,抉之即無不可窮之理。所著則古昔齋算學,詳藝文志。世謂梅文鼎悟借根之出天元,善蘭能變四元而為代數,蓋梅氏後一人云。|《清史稿·列傳二百九十四·疇人二》}}<br />
<br />
== 影印本 ==<br />
* [[:File:Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus (Chinese, 1859, 1).pdf|卷一-卷九(解析几何)]]([[Media:Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus (Chinese, 1859, 1).pdf|源文件]])<br />
* [[:File:Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus (Chinese, 1859, 2).pdf|卷十-卷十六(微分)]]([[Media:Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus (Chinese, 1859, 2).pdf|源文件]])<br />
* [[:File:Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus (Chinese, 1859, 3).pdf|卷十七-卷十八(积分)]]([[Media:Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus (Chinese, 1859, 3).pdf|源文件]])<br />
* [[:File:Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus.pdf|英文原著]]([[Media:Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus.pdf|源文件]])<br />
<br />
== 符号 ==<br />
<br />
=== 字母 ===<br />
<br />
[[File:Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus (Chinese, 1859, 1).pdf|page=11|right|thumb|符号表,注意希腊字母{{lang|el|Ρ}}与{{lang|el|Μ}}对应颠倒]]<br />
<br />
在书中,小写{{w|拉丁字母}}以天干(10个)、地支(12个)和物(w)、天(x)、地(y)、人(z)对应;小写{{w|希腊字母}}以{{w|二十八宿}}的前24个对应。大写字母将小写字母对应的汉字左侧加上“口”来表示,即使加上口字旁的字已存在,也按照小写的读音来读(例如小写的v对应“亥”,那么大写的V对应的“咳”也读作hài)。另外还有一些专用的符号单独对应。<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; font-family:serif !important;"<br />
|+ 符号对照表<br />
|-<br />
! ''A''<br />
| {{ruby|呷|jiǎ}}<br />
! ''a''<br />
| 甲<br />
! {{lang|el|Α}}<br />
| {{ruby|唃|jiǎo}}<br />
! {{lang|el|α}}<br />
| {{ruby|角|jiǎo}}<br />
! F<br />
| {{RareChar|{{ruby|㖤|hán}}|⿰口函}}<br />
|-<br />
! ''B''<br />
| {{RareChar|{{ruby|𠮙|yǐ}}|⿰口乙}}<br />
! ''b''<br />
| 乙<br />
! {{lang|el|Β}}<br />
| {{ruby|吭|kàng}}<br />
! {{lang|el|β}}<br />
| {{ruby|亢|kàng}}<br />
! ''f''<br />
| 函<br />
|-<br />
! ''C''<br />
| {{RareChar|{{ruby|𠰳|bǐng}}|⿰口丙}}<br />
! ''c''<br />
| 丙<br />
! {{lang|el|Γ}}<br />
| {{ruby|呧|dǐ}}<br />
! {{lang|el|γ}}<br />
| {{ruby|氐|dǐ}}<br />
! {{lang|el|ϕ}}<br />
| {{RareChar|{{ruby|𭡝|hán}}|⿰扌函}}<br />
|-<br />
! ''D''<br />
| 叮<br />
! ''d''<br />
| 丁<br />
! {{lang|el|Δ}}<br />
| [[File:Uppercase Delta.svg|16px]]<br />
! {{lang|el|δ}}<br />
| 房<br />
! {{lang|el|ψ}}<br />
| 涵<br />
|-<br />
! ''E''<br />
| {{RareChar|{{ruby|𱒐|wù}}|⿰口戊}}<br />
! ''e''<br />
| 戊<br />
! {{lang|el|Ε}}<br />
| {{ruby|吣|xīn}}<br />
|<br />
|<br />
! {{lang|el|M}}<br />
| 根<br />
|-<br />
! ''F''<br />
| {{RareChar|{{ruby|𠯇|jǐ}}|⿰口己}}<br />
! ''f''<br />
| 己<br />
! {{lang|el|Ζ}}<br />
| {{ruby|𠳿|wěi}}<br />
! {{lang|el|ζ}}<br />
| 尾<br />
! {{lang|el|π}}<br />
| 周{{note|group="表注"|指{{w|圆周率}}。}}<br />
|-<br />
! ''G''<br />
| {{RareChar|{{ruby|𱓒|gēng}}|⿰口庚}}<br />
! ''g''<br />
| 庚<br />
! {{lang|el|Η}}<br />
| {{RareChar|{{ruby|𱕍|jī}}|⿰口箕}}<br />
! {{lang|el|η}}<br />
| {{ruby|箕|jī}}<br />
! {{lang|el|ε}}<br />
| {{ruby|訥|nè}}(讷){{note|group="表注"|指{{w|自然常数}},疑似应为e。}}<br />
|-<br />
! ''H''<br />
| {{RareChar|{{ruby|㖕|xīn}}|⿰口辛}}<br />
! ''h''<br />
| 辛<br />
! {{lang|el|Θ}}<br />
| {{ruby|呌|dǒu}}<br />
! {{lang|el|θ}}<br />
| {{ruby|斗|dǒu}}<br />
! ''d''<br />
| {{ruby|彳|wēi}}{{note|group="表注"|音同“微”,指微分号。}}<br />
|-<br />
! ''I''<br />
| {{RareChar|{{ruby|𠰃|rén}}|⿰口壬}}<br />
! ''i''<br />
| 壬<br />
! {{lang|el|Ι}}<br />
| {{ruby|吽|níu}}<br />
! {{lang|el|ι}}<br />
| 牛<br />
! ''∫''<br />
| {{ruby|禾|jī}}{{note|group="表注"|音同“积”,指积分号。}}<br />
|-<br />
! ''J''<br />
| {{RareChar|{{ruby|𱓩|guǐ}}|⿰口癸}}<br />
! ''j''<br />
| 癸<br />
! {{lang|el|Κ}}<br />
| {{ruby|𠯆|nǚ}}<br />
! {{lang|el|κ}}<br />
| 女<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! ''K''<br />
| {{ruby|吇|zǐ}}<br />
! ''k''<br />
| 子<br />
! {{lang|el|Λ}}<br />
| {{ruby|嘘|xū}}<br />
! {{lang|el|λ}}<br />
| 虛<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! ''L''<br />
| {{ruby|吜|choǔ}}<br />
! ''l''<br />
| 丑<br />
! {{lang|el|Μ}}<br />
| {{ruby|𠱓|wēi}}{{note|group="表注"|书中表格与{{lang|el|Ρ}}颠倒。}}<br />
! {{lang|el|μ}}<br />
| 危<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! ''M''<br />
| {{RareChar|{{ruby|𠻤|yín}}|⿰口寅}}<br />
! ''m''<br />
| 寅<br />
! {{lang|el|Ν}}<br />
| {{RareChar|{{ruby|㗌|shì}}|⿰口室}}<br />
! {{lang|el|ν}}<br />
| 室<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! ''N''<br />
| {{RareChar|{{ruby|𠰭|mǎo}}|⿰口卯}}<br />
! ''n''<br />
| 卯<br />
! {{lang|el|Ξ}}<br />
| [[File:Uppercase Xi.svg|16px]]<br />
! {{lang|el|ξ}}<br />
| 壁<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! ''O''<br />
| {{ruby|㖘|chén}}<br />
! ''o''<br />
| 辰<br />
! {{lang|el|Ο}}<br />
| {{ruby|喹|kuí}}<br />
! {{lang|el|ο}}<br />
| 奎<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! ''P''<br />
| {{RareChar|{{ruby|𱒄|sì}}|⿰口巳}}<br />
! ''p''<br />
| 巳<br />
! {{lang|el|Π}}<br />
| {{ruby|嘍|lóu}}(喽)<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! ''Q''<br />
| {{ruby|吘|wǔ}}<br />
! ''q''<br />
| 午<br />
! {{lang|el|Ρ}}<br />
| {{ruby|喟|wèi}}{{note|group="表注"|书中表格与{{lang|el|Μ}}颠倒。}}<br />
! {{lang|el|ρ}}<br />
| 胃<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! ''R''<br />
| 味<br />
! ''r''<br />
| 未<br />
! {{lang|el|Σ}}<br />
| {{RareChar|{{ruby|𭈾|mǎo}}|⿰口昴}}<br />
! {{lang|el|σ}}<br />
| {{ruby|昴|mǎo}}<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! ''S''<br />
| 呻<br />
! ''s''<br />
| 申<br />
! {{lang|el|Τ}}<br />
| {{ruby|嗶|bì}}(哔)<br />
! {{lang|el|τ}}<br />
| 畢(毕)<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! ''T''<br />
| {{ruby|唒|yǒu}}<br />
! ''t''<br />
| 酉<br />
! {{lang|el|Υ}}<br />
| {{ruby|嘴|zī}}<br />
! {{lang|el|υ}}<br />
| {{ruby|觜|zī}}<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! ''U''<br />
| {{RareChar|{{ruby|㖅|xù}}|⿰口戌}}<br />
! ''u''<br />
| 戌<br />
! {{lang|el|Φ}}<br />
| {{ruby|嘇|shēn}}({{RareChar|𰇼|⿰口参}})<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! ''V''<br />
| {{ruby|咳|hài}}<br />
! ''v''<br />
| 亥<br />
! {{lang|el|Χ}}<br />
| {{RareChar|{{ruby|𠯤|jǐn}}|⿰口井}}<br />
! {{lang|el|χ}}<br />
| 井<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! ''W''<br />
| {{RareChar|{{ruby|𭈘|wù}}|⿰口物}}<br />
! ''w''<br />
| 物<br />
! {{lang|el|Ψ}}<br />
| {{ruby|𠺌|guǐ}}<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! ''X''<br />
| {{RareChar|{{ruby|𱒆|tiān}}|⿰口天}}<br />
! ''x''<br />
| 天<br />
! {{lang|el|Ω}}<br />
| [[File:Uppercase Omega.svg|16px]]<br />
! {{lang|el|ω}}<br />
| 柳<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! ''Y''<br />
| {{ruby|哋|dì}}<br />
! ''y''<br />
| 地<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! Z<br />
| {{RareChar|{{ruby|㕥|rén}}|⿰口人}}<br />
! z<br />
| 人<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== 运算符及其他引进符号 ===<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; font-family:serif !important;"<br />
|-<br />
! LaTeX<br />
! HTML<br />
! 说明<br />
|-<br />
! <math>\bot</math>{{note|group="表注"|{{cd|\bot}}}}<br />
! ⊥{{note|group="表注"|U+22A5,{{cd|&amp;bottom;|&amp;bot;|&amp;perp;|&amp;UpTee;|&amp;#8869;}}}}<br />
| 正也,加也{{note|group="表注"|此处并非垂直符号<math>\perp</math>({{cd|\perp}})或⟂(U+27C2,{{cd|&amp;#10178;}})。不使用加号+(U+002B,{{cd|&amp;#plus;|&amp;#43;}})是因为易与汉字数字“十”混淆。此为“上”的古字(丄,U+4E04,{{cd|&amp;#19972;}})。}}<br />
|-<br />
! <math>\top</math>{{note|group="表注"|{{cd|\top}}}}<br />
! ⊤{{note|group="表注"|U+22A4,{{cd|&amp;top;|&amp;DownTee;|&amp;#8868;}}}}<br />
| 負也,減也{{note|group="表注"|不使用减号−(U+2212,{{cd|&amp;minus;|&amp;#8722;}})或连字暨减号-(U+002D,{{cd|&amp;#45;}})是因为易与汉字数字“一”混淆。此为“下”的古字(丅,U+4E05,{{cd|&amp;#19973;}} )。}}<br />
|-<br />
! <math>\times</math>{{note|group="表注"|{{cd|\times}}}}<br />
! ×{{note|group="表注"|U+00D7,{{cd|&amp;times;|&amp;#215;}}}}<br />
| 相乘也<br />
|-<br />
! <math>\div</math>{{note|group="表注"|{{cd|\div}}}}<br />
! ÷{{note|group="表注"|U+00F7,{{cd|&amp;divide;|&amp;#247;}}}}<br />
| 約也,或作<math>-</math><br />
|-<br />
! <math>::::</math> <br />
! ::::<br />
| 四率比例也<br />
|-<br />
! <math>()</math><br />
! ()<br />
| 括諸數為一數也,名曰括弧<br />
|-<br />
! <math>\sqrt{}</math>{{note|group="表注"|{{cd|\sqrt{&#125; }}}}<br />
! √<br />
| 開方根也<br />
|-<br />
! <math>=</math><br />
! =<br />
| 等於{{note|group="表注"|与原符号不同,书中为防止与汉字数字“二”混淆而被拉长。}}<br />
|-<br />
! <math><</math><br />
! <<br />
| 右大於左<br />
|-<br />
! <math>></math><br />
! ><br />
| 左大於右<br />
|-<br />
! <math>0</math><br />
! 0<br />
| 無也<br />
|-<br />
! <math>\infty</math>{{note|group="表注"|{{cd|\infty}}}}<br />
! ∞<br />
| 無窮也<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== 注释 ===<br />
<br />
{{notelist|表注}}<br />
<br />
== 术语 ==<br />
<br />
书中新创了大量术语,其中有很多沿用至今。<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed"<br />
|+ 术语表<br />
! 原文<br />
! 译文<br />
|-<br />
! Abbreviated expression <br />
| 簡式<br />
|-<br />
! Abscissa <br />
| 橫線<br />
|-<br />
! Acute angle <br />
| 銳角<br />
|-<br />
! Add <br />
| 加<br />
|-<br />
! Addition <br />
| 加法<br />
|-<br />
! Adjacent angle <br />
| 旁角<br />
|-<br />
! Algebra <br />
| 代數學<br />
|-<br />
! Algebra curve <br />
| 代數曲線<br />
|-<br />
! Altitude <br />
| 高,股,中垂線<br />
|-<br />
! Anomaly <br />
| 奇式<br />
|-<br />
! Answer <br />
| 答<br />
|-<br />
! Antecedent <br />
| 前{{ruby|率|shuài}}<br />
|-<br />
! Approximation <br />
| 迷率<br />
|-<br />
! Arc <br />
| 弧<br />
|-<br />
! Area <br />
| 面積<br />
|-<br />
! Arithmetic <br />
| 數學<br />
|-<br />
! Asymptote <br />
| 漸近線<br />
|-<br />
! Axiom <br />
| 公論<br />
|-<br />
! Axis <br />
| 軸,軸線<br />
|-<br />
! Axis major <br />
| 長徑,長軸<br />
|-<br />
! Axis minor <br />
| 短徑,短軸<br />
|-<br />
! Axis of abscissas <br />
| 橫軸<br />
|-<br />
! Axis of coordinates <br />
| 總橫軸<br />
|-<br />
! Axis of ordinate <br />
| 縱軸<br />
|-<br />
! Base <br />
| 底,勾<br />
|-<br />
! Binominal <br />
| 二項式<br />
|-<br />
! Binomial theorem <br />
| 合名法<br />
|-<br />
! Biquadratic parabola <br />
| 三乘方拋物線<br />
|-<br />
! Bisect <br />
| 平分<br />
|-<br />
! Brackets <br />
| 括弧<br />
|-<br />
! Center of an ellipse <br />
| 中點<br />
|-<br />
! Chord <br />
| 通弦<br />
|-<br />
! Circle <br />
| 平圜<br />
|-<br />
! Circular expression <br />
| 圜式<br />
|-<br />
! Circumference <br />
| 周<br />
|-<br />
! Circumsoribed <br />
| 外切<br />
|-<br />
! Coefficient <br />
| 係數<br />
|-<br />
! Common algebra expression <br />
| 代數常式<br />
|-<br />
! Coincide <br />
| 合<br />
|-<br />
! Commensurable <br />
| 有等數<br />
|-<br />
! Common <br />
| 公<br />
|-<br />
! Complement <br />
| 餘<br />
|-<br />
! Complementary angle <br />
| 餘角<br />
|-<br />
! Concave <br />
| 凹<br />
|-<br />
! Concentric <br />
| 同心<br />
|-<br />
! Cone <br />
| 圓錐<br />
|-<br />
! Conjugate axis <br />
| 相屬軸<br />
|-<br />
! Conjugate diameter <br />
| 相屬徑<br />
|-<br />
! Conjugate hyperbola <br />
| 相屬雙曲線<br />
|-<br />
! Consequent <br />
| 後率<br />
|-<br />
! Constant <br />
| 常數<br />
|-<br />
! Construct <br />
| 做圖<br />
|-<br />
! Contact <br />
| 切<br />
|-<br />
! Converging series <br />
| 斂級數<br />
|-<br />
! Convex <br />
| 凸<br />
|-<br />
! Coordinates <br />
| 總橫線<br />
|-<br />
! Corollary <br />
| 系<br />
|-<br />
! Cosecant <br />
| 餘割<br />
|-<br />
! Cosine <br />
| 餘弦<br />
|-<br />
! Cotangent <br />
| 餘切<br />
|-<br />
! Coversedsine <br />
| 餘矢<br />
|-<br />
! Cube <br />
| 立方<br />
|-<br />
! Cube root <br />
| 立方根<br />
|-<br />
! Cubical parabola <br />
| 立方根拋物線<br />
|-<br />
! Curvature <br />
| 曲率<br />
|-<br />
! Curve <br />
| 曲線<br />
|-<br />
! Cusp <br />
| 歧點<br />
|-<br />
! Cycloid <br />
| 擺線<br />
|-<br />
! Cylinder <br />
| 圜柱<br />
|-<br />
! Decagon <br />
| 十邊形<br />
|-<br />
! Decrease <br />
| 損<br />
|-<br />
! Decreasing function <br />
| 損函數<br />
|-<br />
! Definition <br />
| 界說<br />
|-<br />
! Degree of an expression <br />
| 次<br />
|-<br />
! Degree of angular measurement <br />
| 度<br />
|-<br />
! Denominator <br />
| 分母,母數<br />
|-<br />
! Dependent variable <br />
| 因變數<br />
|-<br />
! Diagonal <br />
| 對角線<br />
|-<br />
! Diameter <br />
| 徑<br />
|-<br />
! Difference <br />
| 較<br />
|-<br />
! Differential <br />
| 微分<br />
|-<br />
! Differential calculus <br />
| 微分學<br />
|-<br />
! Differential coefficient <br />
| 微係數<br />
|-<br />
! Differentiate <br />
| 求微分<br />
|-<br />
! Direction <br />
| 方向<br />
|-<br />
! Directrix <br />
| 準線<br />
|-<br />
! Distance <br />
| 距線<br />
|-<br />
! Diverging lines <br />
| 漸遠線<br />
|-<br />
! Diverging series <br />
| 發級數<br />
|-<br />
! Divide <br />
| 約<br />
|-<br />
! Dividend <br />
| 實<br />
|-<br />
! Division (absolute) <br />
| 約法<br />
|-<br />
! Division (concrete) <br />
| 除法<br />
|-<br />
! Divisor <br />
| 法<br />
|-<br />
! Dodecahedron <br />
| 十二面體<br />
|-<br />
! Duplicate <br />
| 倍比例<br />
|-<br />
! Edge of polyhedron <br />
| 稜<br />
|-<br />
! Ellipse <br />
| 橢圓<br />
|-<br />
! Equal <br />
| 等<br />
|-<br />
! Equation <br />
| 方程式<br />
|-<br />
! Equation of condition <br />
| 偶方程式<br />
|-<br />
! Equiangular <br />
| 等角<br />
|-<br />
! Equilateral <br />
| 等邊<br />
|-<br />
! Equimultiple <br />
| 等倍數<br />
|-<br />
! Evolute <br />
| 漸申線<br />
|-<br />
! Evolution <br />
| 開方<br />
|-<br />
! Expand <br />
| 詳<br />
|-<br />
! Expansion <br />
| 詳式<br />
|-<br />
! Explicit function <br />
| 陽函數<br />
|-<br />
! Exponent <br />
| 指數<br />
|-<br />
! Expression <br />
| 式<br />
|-<br />
! Extreme and mean ratio <br />
| 中末比例<br />
|-<br />
! Extremes of a proportion <br />
| 首尾二率<br />
|-<br />
! Face <br />
| 面<br />
|-<br />
! Factor <br />
| 乘數<br />
|-<br />
! Figure <br />
| 行、圖<br />
|-<br />
! Focus of a conic section <br />
| 心<br />
|-<br />
! Formula <br />
| 法<br />
|-<br />
! Fourth proportional <br />
| 四率<br />
|-<br />
! Fraction <br />
| 分<br />
|-<br />
! Fractional expression <br />
| 分式<br />
|-<br />
! Frustum <br />
| 截圜錐<br />
|-<br />
! Function <br />
| 函數<br />
|-<br />
! General expression <br />
| 公式<br />
|-<br />
! Generate <br />
| 生<br />
|-<br />
! Generating circle <br />
| 母輪<br />
|-<br />
! Generating point <br />
| 母點<br />
|-<br />
! Geometry <br />
| 幾何學<br />
|-<br />
! Given ratio <br />
| 定率<br />
|-<br />
! Great circle <br />
| 大圈<br />
|-<br />
! Greater <br />
| 大<br />
|-<br />
! Hemisphere <br />
| 半球<br />
|-<br />
! Hendecagon <br />
| 十一邊形<br />
|-<br />
! Heptagon <br />
| 七邊形<br />
|-<br />
! Hexagon <br />
| 六邊形<br />
|-<br />
! Hexahedron <br />
| 六面體<br />
|-<br />
! Homogeneous <br />
| 同類<br />
|-<br />
! Homologous <br />
| 相當<br />
|-<br />
! Hypoerbola <br />
| 雙曲線,雙線<br />
|-<br />
! Hyperbolic spiral <br />
| 雙線螺旋<br />
|-<br />
! Hypotheneuse <br />
| 弦<br />
|-<br />
! Icosahedron <br />
| 二十面體<br />
|-<br />
! Implicit function <br />
| 陰函數<br />
|-<br />
! Impossible expression <br />
| 不能式<br />
|-<br />
! Inclination <br />
| 倚度<br />
|-<br />
! Incommensurable <br />
| 無等數<br />
|-<br />
! Increase <br />
| 增<br />
|-<br />
! Increasing function <br />
| 增函數<br />
|-<br />
! Increment <br />
| 長數<br />
|-<br />
! Indefinite <br />
| 無定<br />
|-<br />
! Independent variable <br />
| 自變數<br />
|-<br />
! Indeterminate <br />
| 未定<br />
|-<br />
! Infinite <br />
| 無窮<br />
|-<br />
! Inscribed <br />
| 內切,所容<br />
|-<br />
! Integral <br />
| 積分<br />
|-<br />
! Integral calculus <br />
| 積分學<br />
|-<br />
! Integrate <br />
| 求積分<br />
|-<br />
! Interior <br />
| 裏<br />
|-<br />
! Intersect <br />
| 交<br />
|-<br />
! Intersect at right angles <br />
| 正交<br />
|-<br />
! Inverse circular expression <br />
| 反圜式<br />
|-<br />
! Inverse proportion <br />
| 反比例<br />
|-<br />
! Irrational <br />
| 無比例<br />
|-<br />
! Isolated point <br />
| 特點<br />
|-<br />
! Isosceles triangle <br />
| 二等邊三角形<br />
|-<br />
! Join <br />
| 聯<br />
|-<br />
! Known <br />
| 已知<br />
|-<br />
! Law of continuity <br />
| 漸變之理<br />
|-<br />
! Leg of an angle <br />
| 夾角邊<br />
|-<br />
! Lemma <br />
| 例<br />
|-<br />
! Length <br />
| 長短<br />
|-<br />
! Less <br />
| 小<br />
|-<br />
! Limits <br />
| 限<br />
|-<br />
! Limited <br />
| 有限<br />
|-<br />
! Line <br />
| 線<br />
|-<br />
! Logarithm <br />
| 對數<br />
|-<br />
! Logarithmic curve <br />
| 對數曲線<br />
|-<br />
! Logarithmic spiral <br />
| 對數螺線<br />
|-<br />
! Lowest term <br />
| 最小率<br />
|-<br />
! Maximum <br />
| 極大<br />
|-<br />
! Mean proportion <br />
| 中率<br />
|-<br />
! Means <br />
| 中二率<br />
|-<br />
! Measure <br />
| 度<br />
|-<br />
! Meet <br />
| 遇<br />
|-<br />
! Minimum <br />
| 極小<br />
|-<br />
! Modulus <br />
| 對數根<br />
|-<br />
! Monomial <br />
| 一項式<br />
|-<br />
! Multinomial <br />
| 多項式<br />
|-<br />
! Multiple <br />
| 倍數<br />
|-<br />
! Multiple point <br />
| 倍點<br />
|-<br />
! Multiplicand <br />
| 實<br />
|-<br />
! Multiplication <br />
| 乘法<br />
|-<br />
! Multiplier <br />
| 法<br />
|-<br />
! Multiply <br />
| 乘<br />
|-<br />
! Negative <br />
| 負<br />
|-<br />
! Nonagon <br />
| 九邊形<br />
|-<br />
! Normal <br />
| 法線<br />
|-<br />
! Notation <br />
| 命位,紀法<br />
|-<br />
! Number <br />
| 數<br />
|-<br />
! Numerator <br />
| 分子,子數<br />
|-<br />
! Oblique <br />
| 斜<br />
|-<br />
! Obtuse <br />
| 鈍<br />
|-<br />
! Octagon <br />
| 八邊形<br />
|-<br />
! Octahedron <br />
| 八面體<br />
|-<br />
! Opposite <br />
| 對<br />
|-<br />
! Ordinate <br />
| 縱線<br />
|-<br />
! Origin of coordinate <br />
| 原點<br />
|-<br />
! Parabola <br />
| 拋物線<br />
|-<br />
! Parallel <br />
| 平行<br />
|-<br />
! Parallelogram <br />
| 平行邊形<br />
|-<br />
! Parallelepiped <br />
| 立方體<br />
|-<br />
! Parameter <br />
| 通徑<br />
|-<br />
! Part <br />
| 分,段<br />
|-<br />
! Partial differential <br />
| 偏微分<br />
|-<br />
! Partial differential coefficient <br />
| 偏微係數<br />
|-<br />
! Particular case <br />
| 私式<br />
|-<br />
! Pentagon <br />
| 五邊形<br />
|-<br />
! Perpendicular <br />
| 垂線,股<br />
|-<br />
! Plane <br />
| 平面<br />
|-<br />
! Point <br />
| 點<br />
|-<br />
! Point of contact <br />
| 切點<br />
|-<br />
! Point of inflection <br />
| 彎點<br />
|-<br />
! Point of intersection <br />
| 交點<br />
|-<br />
! Polar curve <br />
| 極曲線<br />
|-<br />
! Polar distance <br />
| 極距<br />
|-<br />
! Pole <br />
| 極<br />
|-<br />
! Polygon <br />
| 多邊形<br />
|-<br />
! Polyhedron <br />
| 多面體<br />
|-<br />
! Polynomial <br />
| 多項式<br />
|-<br />
! Positive <br />
| 正<br />
|-<br />
! Postulate <br />
| 求<br />
|-<br />
! Power <br />
| 方<br />
|-<br />
! Primitive axis <br />
| 舊軸<br />
|-<br />
! Problem <br />
| 題<br />
|-<br />
! Produce <br />
| 引長<br />
|-<br />
! Product <br />
| 得數<br />
|-<br />
! Proportion <br />
| 比例<br />
|-<br />
! Proposition <br />
| 款<br />
|-<br />
! Quadrant <br />
| 象限<br />
|-<br />
! Quadrilateral figure <br />
| 四邊形<br />
|-<br />
! Quadrinomial <br />
| 四項式<br />
|-<br />
! Quam proxime <br />
| 任近<br />
|-<br />
! Quantity <br />
| 幾何<br />
|-<br />
! Question <br />
| 問<br />
|-<br />
! Quindecagon <br />
| 十五邊形<br />
|-<br />
! Quotient <br />
| 得數<br />
|-<br />
! Radius <br />
| 半徑<br />
|-<br />
! Radius vector <br />
| 帶徑<br />
|-<br />
! Ratio <br />
| 率<br />
|-<br />
! Rational expression <br />
| 有比例式<br />
|-<br />
! Reciprocal <br />
| 交互<br />
|-<br />
! Rectangle <br />
| 矩形<br />
|-<br />
! Rectangular <br />
| 正<br />
|-<br />
! Reduce <br />
| 化<br />
|-<br />
! Reduce to a simple form <br />
| 相消<br />
|-<br />
! Regular <br />
| 正<br />
|-<br />
! Relation <br />
| 連屬之理<br />
|-<br />
! Represent <br />
| 顯<br />
|-<br />
! Reverse <br />
| 相反<br />
|-<br />
! Revolution <br />
| 匝<br />
|-<br />
! Right angle <br />
| 直角<br />
|-<br />
! Right-angled triangle <br />
| 勾股形<br />
|-<br />
! Round <br />
| 圜<br />
|-<br />
! Root <br />
| 根<br />
|-<br />
! Root of equation <br />
| 滅數<br />
|-<br />
! Scalene triangle <br />
| 不等邊三角形<br />
|-<br />
! Scholium <br />
| 案<br />
|-<br />
! Secant <br />
| 割線<br />
|-<br />
! Secant (trigonometrical) <br />
| 正割<br />
|-<br />
! Segment <br />
| 截段<br />
|-<br />
! Semicircle <br />
| 半圜周<br />
|-<br />
! Semicubical parabola <br />
| 半立方拋物線<br />
|-<br />
! Semibiquadratic parabola <br />
| 半三乘方拋物線<br />
|-<br />
! Series <br />
| 級數<br />
|-<br />
! Sextant <br />
| 記限<br />
|-<br />
! Side <br />
| 邊<br />
|-<br />
! Sign <br />
| 號<br />
|-<br />
! Similar <br />
| 相似<br />
|-<br />
! Sine <br />
| 正弦<br />
|-<br />
! Singular point <br />
| 獨異點<br />
|-<br />
! Smaller <br />
| 少<br />
|-<br />
! Solid <br />
| 體<br />
|-<br />
! Solidity <br />
| 體積<br />
|-<br />
! Sphere <br />
| 立圜體,球<br />
|-<br />
! Spiral <br />
| 螺線<br />
|-<br />
! Spiral of archimedes <br />
| 亞奇默德螺線<br />
|-<br />
! Square <br />
| 方,正方,冪<br />
|-<br />
! Square root <br />
| 平方根<br />
|-<br />
! Straight line <br />
| 直線<br />
|-<br />
! Subnormal <br />
| 次法線<br />
|-<br />
! Subtangent <br />
| 次切線<br />
|-<br />
! Subtract <br />
| 減<br />
|-<br />
! Subtraction <br />
| 減法<br />
|-<br />
! Sum <br />
| 和<br />
|-<br />
! Supplement <br />
| 外角<br />
|-<br />
! Supplementary chord <br />
| 餘通弦<br />
|-<br />
! Surface <br />
| 面<br />
|-<br />
! Surface of revolution <br />
| 曲面積<br />
|-<br />
! Symbol of quantity <br />
| 元<br />
|-<br />
! Table <br />
| 表<br />
|-<br />
! Tangent <br />
| 切線<br />
|-<br />
! Tangent (trigonometrical) <br />
| 正切<br />
|-<br />
! Term of an expression <br />
| 項<br />
|-<br />
! Term of ratio <br />
| 率<br />
|-<br />
! Tetrahedron <br />
| 四面體<br />
|-<br />
! Theorem <br />
| 術<br />
|-<br />
! Total differential <br />
| 全微分<br />
|-<br />
! Transcendental curve <br />
| 越曲線<br />
|-<br />
! Transcendental expression <br />
| 越式<br />
|-<br />
! Transcendental function <br />
| 越函數<br />
|-<br />
! Transform <br />
| 易<br />
|-<br />
! Transverse axis <br />
| 橫軸,橫徑<br />
|-<br />
! Trapezoid <br />
| 二平行邊四邊形<br />
|-<br />
! Triangle <br />
| 三角形<br />
|-<br />
! Trident <br />
| 三齒線<br />
|-<br />
! Trigonometry <br />
| 三角法<br />
|-<br />
! Trinomial <br />
| 三項式<br />
|-<br />
! Triplicate <br />
| 三倍<br />
|-<br />
! Trisection <br />
| 三等分<br />
|-<br />
! Unequal <br />
| 不等<br />
|-<br />
! Unit <br />
| 一<br />
|-<br />
! Unknown <br />
| 未知<br />
|-<br />
! Unlimited <br />
| 無線<br />
|-<br />
! Value <br />
| 同數<br />
|-<br />
! Variable <br />
| 變數<br />
|-<br />
! Variation <br />
| 變<br />
|-<br />
! Verification <br />
| 證<br />
|-<br />
! Versedsine <br />
| 正矢<br />
|-<br />
! Vertex <br />
| 頂點<br />
|-<br />
! Vertical plane <br />
| 縱面<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== 函数 ==<br />
<br />
<tabber><br />
文言=<br />
在卷十的开头,可以看到那句经典名句:<br />
<br />
{{from|微分之數有二,一曰常數,一曰變數;變數以天地人物等字代之,常數以甲乙子丑等字代之。<br><br>凡式中常數之同數俱不變。如直線之式爲<math>地\xlongequal{\qquad}甲天\bot乙</math>,則線之甲與乙,俱僅有一同數任在何點永不變,而天與地之同數則每點皆變也。<br><br>'''凡此變數中函彼變數,則此爲彼之函數。'''<br><br>如直線之式爲<math>地\xlongequal{\qquad}甲天\bot乙</math>,則地爲天之函數;又平圜之式爲<math>地\xlongequal{\qquad}\sqrt{味^二\top甲^二}</math>,味爲半徑,天爲正弦,地爲餘弦;橢圓之式爲<math>地\xlongequal{\qquad}</math>{{sfrac|呷|{{RareChar|𠮙|⿰口乙}}}}<math>\sqrt{二呷天\top天^二}</math>,皆地爲天之函數也。<br><br>設不明顯天之函數,但指地爲天之因變數,則如下式<math>天\xlongequal{\qquad}函(地) \ 地\xlongequal{\qquad}函(天)</math>,此天爲地之函數,亦地爲天之函數。|《代微積拾級·卷十 微分一·例》}}<br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">[[File:Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus (Chinese, 1859, 2).pdf|page=4|300px]][[File:Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus (Chinese, 1859, 2).pdf|page=3|300px]]</div><br />
|-|<br />
English=<br />
原文如下:<br />
{{from|A<span style{{=}}"font-size: 70%;>RTICLE</span> (157.) I<span style{{=}}"font-size: 70%;>N</span> the Differential Calculus, as in Analytical Geometry, there are two classes of quantities to be considered, viz., ''variables'' and ''constants''.<br><br>Variable quantities are generally represented by the last letters of the alphabet, ''x'', ''y'', ''z'', etc., and any values may be assigned to them which will satisfy the equations into which they enter.<br><br>Constant quantities are generally represented by the firstletters of the alphabet, ''a'', ''b'', ''c'', etc., and these always retain the same values throughout the same investigation.<br><br>Thus, in the equation of a straight line, <br><div style="text-align: center;"><math>y=ax+b</math>,</div>the quantities a and b have but one value for the same line, while ''x'' and ''y'' vary in value for every point of the line.<br><br>(158.) '''One variable is said to be a ''function'' of another variable, when the first is equal to a certain algebraic expression containing the second.''' Thus, in the equation of a straight line <br><div style="text-align: center;"><math>y=ax+b</math>,</div>''y'' is a function of ''x''. <br><br>So, also, in the equation of a circle, <br><div style="text-align: center;"><math>y=\sqrt{R^2-x^2}</math>;</div>and in the equation of the ellipse, <br><div style="text-align: center;"><math>y=\frac{B}{A}\sqrt{2Ax-x^2}</math>.</div>(159.) When we wish merely to denote that ''y'' is ''dependent'' upon ''x'' for its value, without giving the particular expression which shows the value of ''x'', we employ the notation<br><div style="text-align: center;"><math>y=F(x)</math>, or <math>y=f(x)</math>,<br><span style{{=}}"text-align: left; float: left;">or</span><math>x=F(y)</math>, or <math>x=f(y)</math>,</div>which expressions are read, ''y'' is a function of ''x'', or ''x'' is a function of ''y''.}}<br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">[[File:Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus.pdf|page=124|300px]][[File:Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus.pdf|page=125|300px]]</div><br />
</tabber><br />
<br />
“凡此变数中函彼变数,则此为彼之函数”(One variable is said to be a function of another variable, when the first is equal to a certain algebraic expression containing the second.)这句话,往往被讹传为出现在李善兰另一译作《代数学》中,其实并非如此,出处就是《代微积拾级》。<br />
<br />
== 微分 ==<br />
<br />
<tabber><br />
文言=<br />
同样是卷十,可以看到微分的定义:<br />
<br />
{{from|'''函數與變數之變比例俱謂之微分''',用彳號記之。如 <math>戌\xlongequal{\qquad}天^三</math>,則得比例 {{RareChar|𢓍|⿰彳天}} : [[File:Differential u.svg|16px]] <math>:: 一 : 三天^二</math>。{{RareChar|𢓍|⿰彳天}}[[File:Differential u.svg|16px]],爲天與戌之微分。后皆仿此,用表天與戌之變比例。以一四兩率相乘,二三兩率相乘,則得[[File:Differential u.svg|16px]]<math>\xlongequal{\qquad}三天^二</math>{{RareChar|𢓍|⿰彳天}}。此顯函數戌之變比例,等于 三天<sup>二</sup> 乘變數天之變比例。以{{RareChar|𢓍|⿰彳天}}約之,得{{sfrac|{{RareChar|𢓍|⿰彳天}}|[[File:Differential u.svg|16px]]}}<math>\xlongequal{\qquad}三天^二</math>。此顯變數之變比例,約函數之變比例,等于函數之微係數也。如戌爲天之函數,三天 爲戌之微係數,此舉立方以㮣其餘。|《代微積拾級·卷十 微分一·論函數微分·第二款》}}<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">[[File:Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus (Chinese, 1859, 2).pdf|page=19|300px]][[File:Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus (Chinese, 1859, 2).pdf|page=18|300px]]</div><br />
|-|<br />
English=<br />
原文如下:<br />
{{from|(170.) '''The rate of variation of a function or of any variable quantity is called its ''differential''''', and is denoted by the letter ''d'' placed before it. Thus, if<br><div style="text-align: center;"><math>u=x^3</math>,</div>then<br><div style="text-align: center;"><math>dx:du::1:3x^2</math>.</div>The expressions ''dx'', ''du'' are read differential of ''x'', differential of ''u'', and denote the rates of variation of ''x'' and ''u''.<br><br>If we multiply together the extremes and the means of the preceding proportion, we have<br><div style="text-align: center;"><math>du=3x^2dx</math>,</div>which signifies that the rate of increase of the function ''u'' is 3''x''<sup>2</sup> times that of the variable ''x''.<br><br>If we divide each member of the last equation by ''dx'', we have<br><div style="text-align: center;"><math>\frac{du}{dx}=3x^2</math>,</div>which expresses the ratio of the rate of variation of the function to that of the independent variable, and is called the ''differential coefficient'' of ''u'' regarded as a function of ''x''.|''Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus'', Differential Calculus, Section I, Differentiation of Algebraic Functions, Proposition II - Theorem}}<br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">[[File:Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus.pdf|page=131|300px]]</div><br />
<br />
注意,时至今日,微分号为了与量区别而记作<math>\mathrm{d}</math>,书中的微分号仍然是斜体<math>d</math>。<br />
<br />
</tabber><br />
<br />
书中所称“Differential Coefficient”,译作“微系数”,今天称作'''导数(Derivative)'''。无论是中英文,这种古老的说法都已很罕见。<br />
<br />
== 积分 ==<br />
<br />
<tabber><br />
文言=<br />
在卷十七,定义了积分:<br />
<br />
{{from|積分爲微分之還原,其法之要,在識別微分所由生之函數。如已得 天<sup>二</sup> 之微分爲 二天{{RareChar|𢓍|⿰彳天}},則有 二天{{RareChar|𢓍|⿰彳天}},即知所由生之函數爲 天<sup>二</sup>,而 天<sup>二</sup> 即爲積分。<br><br>'''已得微分所由生之函數爲積分。'''而積分或有常數附之,或無常數附之,既不能定,故式中恒附以常數,命爲{{RareChar|𠰳|⿰口丙}}。{{RareChar|𠰳|⿰口丙}}或有同數,或爲〇,須攷題乃知。<br><br>來本之視微分,若函數諸小較之一,諸小較并之,即成函數。故微分之左係一禾字,指欲取諸微分之積分也。如下式 禾二天{{RareChar|𢓍|⿰彳天}}<math>\xlongequal{\qquad} 天^二 \bot</math>{{RareChar|𠰳|⿰口丙}}。來氏說今西國天算家大率不用,而惟用此禾字,取其一覽了然也。|《代微積拾級·卷十七 積分一·總論》}}<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">[[File:Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus (Chinese, 1859, 3).pdf|page=4|300px]][[File:Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus (Chinese, 1859, 3).pdf|page=3|300px]]</div><br />
|-|<br />
English=<br />
原文如下:<br />
{{from|A<span style{{=}}"font-size: 70%;>RTICLE</span> (291.) T<span style{{=}}"font-size: 70%;>HE</span> Integral Calculus is the reverse of the Differential Calculus, its object being to determine the expression or function from which a given differential has been derived.<br><br>Thus we have found that the differential of ''x''<sup>2</sup> is 2''xdx'', therefore, if we have given 2''xdx'', we know that it must have been derived from ''x'', or plus a constant term.<br><br>(292.) '''The function from which the given differential has been derived, is called its ''integral''.''' Hence, as we are not certain whether the integral has a constant quantity or not added to it, we annex a constant quantity represented by C, the value of which is to be determined from the nature of the problem. <br><br>(293.) Leibnitz considered the differentials of functions as indefinitely small differences, and the sum of these indefinitely small differences he regarded as making up the function; hence the letter S was placed before the differential to show that the sum was to be taken. As it was frequently required to place S before a compound expression, it was elongated into the sign ''∫'', which, being placed before a differential, denotes that its integral is to be taken. Thus,<br><div style="text-align: center;"><math>\int 2xdx = x^2+C</math>.</div>This sign ''∫'' is still retained ever by those whu reject the philosophy of Leibnitz. |''Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus'', Integral Calculus, Section I, Integration of Monomial Differentials}}<br />
<br />
实际上,书中的积分号仅仅写作<span style="font-family:serif;">''∫''</span>,没有写得像今天的<math>\int</math>那么长。<br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">[[File:Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus.pdf|page=228|300px]]</div><br />
</tabber><br />
<br />
[[分类:数学]]<br />
<br />
{{Study}}</div>
SkyEye FAST
https://mh.wdf.ink/w/index.php?title=%E4%BB%A3%E5%BE%AE%E7%A7%AF%E6%8B%BE%E7%BA%A7&diff=3254
代微积拾级
2024-03-10T07:09:11Z
<p>SkyEye FAST:/* 字母 *///Edit via InPageEdit</p>
<hr />
<div>{{tex}}<br />
<br />
{{Book<br />
| author = {{w|伟烈亚力}}口译<br>{{w|李善兰}}笔述<br>{{w|伊莱亚斯·罗密士}}原著<br />
| date = 1859<br />
| date_suffix = ,清咸丰九年(己未)<br>1851(原著)<br />
| press = 墨海书馆<br />
}}<br />
<br />
{{q|米利堅羅密士譔,英國偉烈亞力口譯,海寧李善蘭筆述。|《代微積拾級》}}<br />
<br />
'''《代微积{{ruby|拾|shè}}级》''',由英国汉学家、来华传教士{{w|伟烈亚力}}(Alexander Wylie,1815年4月6日-1887年2月10日)口译,清代数学家{{w|李善兰}}(1811年1月22日-1882年12月9日)笔述;1859年由上海{{w|墨海书馆}}(The London Missionary Society Press)出版。原著为美国数学家{{w|伊莱亚斯·罗密士}}(Elias Loomis,1811年8月7日-1889年8月15日)于1851年出版的'''《解析几何和微积分初步》(''Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus'')'''。<br />
<br />
据考证,李善兰翻译所用的底本,应为1852年再版的版本,而非1851年的初版(内容差别较大)。原著在1874年改版,在此之前有不下20个版次(包括1856年的第6版、1859年的第10版、1864年的第17版、1868年的第19版等),畅销程度可见一斑。<br />
<br />
1872年(明治5年),这本书被福田半译至日文,但书中并未使用李善兰创立的对应符号系统(参见[[#符号]]),而是使用原著的符号。<br />
<br />
需要注意的是,这本书中的定义以今天的眼光来看并不严谨。一方面,当时的微积分学基础并不牢固,(ε, δ)-极限定义还未出现,书中仍然只使用未严格定义的无穷小量来定义概念;另一方面,这本书本身就是入门教材,不应过于晦涩难懂。<br />
<br />
<gallery><br />
Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus (Chinese, 1859, 1).pdf|page=1|代(解析几何)<br />
Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus (Chinese, 1859, 2).pdf|page=1|微(微分)<br />
Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus (Chinese, 1859, 3).pdf|page=1|积(积分)<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
== 作者 ==<br />
<br />
{{from|'''李善蘭,字壬叔,海寧人。諸生。從陳奐受經,於算術好之獨深。'''十歲即通九章,後得測圓海鏡、句股割圜記,學益進。疑割圜法非自然,精思得其理。嘗謂道有一貫,藝亦然。測圓海鏡每題皆有法有草,法者,本題之法也;草者,用立天元一曲折以求本題之法,乃造法之法,法之源也。算術大至躔離交食,細至米鹽瑣碎,其法至繁,以立天元一演之,莫不能得其法。故立天元一者,算學中之一貫也。並時明算如錢塘戴煦,南匯張文虎,烏程徐有壬、汪曰楨,歸安張福僖,皆相友善。咸豐初,客上海,識英吉利偉烈亞力、艾約瑟、韋廉臣三人,偉烈亞力精天算,通華言。善蘭以歐幾里幾何原本十三卷、續二卷,明時譯得六卷,因與偉烈亞力同譯後九卷,西士精通幾何者尟,其第十卷尤玄奧,未易解,譌奪甚多,善蘭筆受時,輒以意匡補。譯成,偉烈亞力歎曰:「西士他日欲得善本,當求諸中國也!」<br><br>'''偉烈亞力又言美國天算名家羅密士嘗取代數、微分、積分合為一書,分款設題,較若列眉,復與善蘭同譯之,名曰代微積拾級十八卷。代數變天元、四元,別為新法,微分、積分二術,又藉徑於代數,實中土未有之奇秘。善蘭隨體剖析自然,得力於海鏡為多。'''<br><br>粵匪陷吳、越,依曾國籓軍中。同治七年,用巡撫郭嵩燾薦,徵入同文館,充算學總教習、總理衙門章京,授戶部郎中、三品卿銜。課同文館生以海鏡,而以代數演之,合中、西為一法,成就甚眾。光緒十年,卒於官,年垂七十。<br><br>善蘭聰彊絕人,其於算,能執理之至簡,馭數至繁,故衍之無不可通之數,抉之即無不可窮之理。所著則古昔齋算學,詳藝文志。世謂梅文鼎悟借根之出天元,善蘭能變四元而為代數,蓋梅氏後一人云。|《清史稿·列傳二百九十四·疇人二》}}<br />
<br />
== 影印本 ==<br />
* [[:File:Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus (Chinese, 1859, 1).pdf|卷一-卷九(解析几何)]]([[Media:Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus (Chinese, 1859, 1).pdf|源文件]])<br />
* [[:File:Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus (Chinese, 1859, 2).pdf|卷十-卷十六(微分)]]([[Media:Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus (Chinese, 1859, 2).pdf|源文件]])<br />
* [[:File:Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus (Chinese, 1859, 3).pdf|卷十七-卷十八(积分)]]([[Media:Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus (Chinese, 1859, 3).pdf|源文件]])<br />
* [[:File:Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus.pdf|英文原著]]([[Media:Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus.pdf|源文件]])<br />
<br />
== 符号 ==<br />
<br />
=== 字母 ===<br />
<br />
[[File:Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus (Chinese, 1859, 1).pdf|page=11|right|thumb|符号表,注意希腊字母{{lang|el|Ρ}}与{{lang|el|Μ}}对应颠倒]]<br />
<br />
在书中,小写{{w|拉丁字母}}以天干(10个)、地支(12个)和物(w)、天(x)、地(y)、人(z)对应;小写{{w|希腊字母}}以{{w|二十八宿}}的前24个对应。大写字母将小写字母对应的汉字左侧加上“口”来表示,即使加上口字旁的字已存在,也按照小写的读音来读(例如小写的v对应“亥”,那么大写的V对应的“咳”也读作hài)。另外还有一些专用的符号单独对应。<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; font-family:serif !important;"<br />
|+ 符号对照表<br />
|-<br />
! ''A''<br />
| {{ruby|呷|jiǎ}}<br />
! ''a''<br />
| 甲<br />
! {{lang|el|Α}}<br />
| {{ruby|唃|jiǎo}}<br />
! {{lang|el|α}}<br />
| {{ruby|角|jiǎo}}<br />
! F<br />
| {{RareChar|{{ruby|㖤|hán}}|⿰口函}}<br />
|-<br />
! ''B''<br />
| {{RareChar|{{ruby|𠮙|yǐ}}|⿰口乙}}<br />
! ''b''<br />
| 乙<br />
! {{lang|el|Β}}<br />
| {{ruby|吭|kàng}}<br />
! {{lang|el|β}}<br />
| {{ruby|亢|kàng}}<br />
! ''f''<br />
| 函<br />
|-<br />
! ''C''<br />
| {{RareChar|{{ruby|𠰳|bǐng}}|⿰口丙}}<br />
! ''c''<br />
| 丙<br />
! {{lang|el|Γ}}<br />
| {{ruby|呧|dǐ}}<br />
! {{lang|el|γ}}<br />
| {{ruby|氐|dǐ}}<br />
! {{lang|el|ϕ}}<br />
| {{RareChar|{{ruby|𭡝|hán}}|⿰扌函}}<br />
|-<br />
! ''D''<br />
| 叮<br />
! ''d''<br />
| 丁<br />
! {{lang|el|Δ}}<br />
| [[File:Uppercase Delta.svg|16px]]<br />
! {{lang|el|δ}}<br />
| 房<br />
! {{lang|el|ψ}}<br />
| 涵<br />
|-<br />
! ''E''<br />
| {{RareChar|{{ruby|𱒐|wù}}|⿰口戊}}<br />
! ''e''<br />
| 戊<br />
! {{lang|el|Ε}}<br />
| {{ruby|吣|xīn}}<br />
|<br />
|<br />
! {{lang|el|M}}<br />
| 根<br />
|-<br />
! ''F''<br />
| {{RareChar|{{ruby|𠯇|jǐ}}|⿰口己}}<br />
! ''f''<br />
| 己<br />
! {{lang|el|Ζ}}<br />
| {{ruby|𠳿|wěi}}<br />
! {{lang|el|ζ}}<br />
| 尾<br />
! {{lang|el|π}}<br />
| 周{{note|group="表注"|指{{w|圆周率}}。}}<br />
|-<br />
! ''G''<br />
| {{RareChar|{{ruby|𱓒|gēng}}|⿰口庚}}<br />
! ''g''<br />
| 庚<br />
! {{lang|el|Η}}<br />
| {{RareChar|{{ruby|𱕍|jī}}|⿰口箕}}<br />
! {{lang|el|η}}<br />
| {{ruby|箕|jī}}<br />
! {{lang|el|ε}}<br />
| {{ruby|訥|nè}}(讷){{note|group="表注"|指{{w|自然常数}},疑似应为e。}}<br />
|-<br />
! ''H''<br />
| {{RareChar|{{ruby|㖕|xīn}}|⿰口辛}}<br />
! ''h''<br />
| 辛<br />
! {{lang|el|Θ}}<br />
| {{ruby|呌|dǒu}}<br />
! {{lang|el|θ}}<br />
| {{ruby|斗|dǒu}}<br />
! ''d''<br />
| {{ruby|彳|wēi}}{{note|group="表注"|音同“微”,指微分号。}}<br />
|-<br />
! ''I''<br />
| {{RareChar|{{ruby|𠰃|rén}}|⿰口壬}}<br />
! ''i''<br />
| 壬<br />
! {{lang|el|Ι}}<br />
| {{ruby|吽|níu}}<br />
! {{lang|el|ι}}<br />
| 牛<br />
! ''∫''<br />
| {{ruby|禾|jī}}{{note|group="表注"|音同“积”,指积分号。}}<br />
|-<br />
! ''J''<br />
| {{RareChar|{{ruby|𱓩|guǐ}}|⿰口癸}}<br />
! ''j''<br />
| 癸<br />
! {{lang|el|Κ}}<br />
| {{ruby|𠯆|nǚ}}<br />
! {{lang|el|κ}}<br />
| 女<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! ''K''<br />
| {{ruby|吇|zǐ}}<br />
! ''k''<br />
| 子<br />
! {{lang|el|Λ}}<br />
| {{ruby|嘘|xū}}<br />
! {{lang|el|λ}}<br />
| 虛<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! ''L''<br />
| {{ruby|吜|choǔ}}<br />
! ''l''<br />
| 丑<br />
! {{lang|el|Μ}}<br />
| {{ruby|𠱓|wēi}}{{note|group="表注"|书中表格与{{lang|el|Ρ}}颠倒。}}<br />
! {{lang|el|μ}}<br />
| 危<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! ''M''<br />
| {{RareChar|{{ruby|𠻤|yín}}|⿰口寅}}<br />
! ''m''<br />
| 寅<br />
! {{lang|el|Ν}}<br />
| {{RareChar|{{ruby|㗌|shì}}|⿰口室}}<br />
! {{lang|el|ν}}<br />
| 室<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! ''N''<br />
| {{RareChar|{{ruby|𠰭|mǎo}}|⿰口卯}}<br />
! ''n''<br />
| 卯<br />
! {{lang|el|Ξ}}<br />
| [[File:Uppercase Xi.svg|16px]]<br />
! {{lang|el|ξ}}<br />
| 壁<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! ''O''<br />
| {{ruby|㖘|chén}}<br />
! ''o''<br />
| 辰<br />
! {{lang|el|Ο}}<br />
| {{ruby|喹|kuí}}<br />
! {{lang|el|ο}}<br />
| 奎<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! ''P''<br />
| {{RareChar|{{ruby|𱒄|sì}}|⿰口巳}}<br />
! ''p''<br />
| 巳<br />
! {{lang|el|Π}}<br />
| {{ruby|嘍|lóu}}(喽)<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! ''Q''<br />
| {{ruby|吘|wǔ}}<br />
! ''q''<br />
| 午<br />
! {{lang|el|Ρ}}<br />
| {{ruby|喟|wèi}}{{note|group="表注"|书中表格与{{lang|el|Μ}}颠倒。}}<br />
! {{lang|el|ρ}}<br />
| 胃<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! ''R''<br />
| 味<br />
! ''r''<br />
| 未<br />
! {{lang|el|Σ}}<br />
| {{RareChar|{{ruby|𭈾|mǎo}}|⿰口昴}}<br />
! {{lang|el|σ}}<br />
| {{ruby|昴|mǎo}}<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! ''S''<br />
| 呻<br />
! ''s''<br />
| 申<br />
! {{lang|el|Τ}}<br />
| {{ruby|嗶|bì}}(哔)<br />
! {{lang|el|τ}}<br />
| 畢(毕)<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! ''T''<br />
| {{ruby|唒|yǒu}}<br />
! ''t''<br />
| 酉<br />
! {{lang|el|Υ}}<br />
| {{ruby|嘴|zī}}<br />
! {{lang|el|υ}}<br />
| {{ruby|觜|zī}}<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! ''U''<br />
| {{RareChar|{{ruby|㖅|xù}}|⿰口戌}}<br />
! ''u''<br />
| 戌<br />
! {{lang|el|Φ}}<br />
| {{ruby|嘇|shēn}}({{RareChar|𰇼|⿰口参}})<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! ''V''<br />
| {{ruby|咳|hài}}<br />
! ''v''<br />
| 亥<br />
! {{lang|el|Χ}}<br />
| {{RareChar|{{ruby|𠯤|jǐn}}|⿰口井}}<br />
! {{lang|el|χ}}<br />
| 井<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! ''W''<br />
| {{RareChar|{{ruby|𭈘|wù}}|⿰口物}}<br />
! ''w''<br />
| 物<br />
! {{lang|el|Ψ}}<br />
| {{ruby|𠺌|guǐ}}<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! ''X''<br />
| {{RareChar|{{ruby|𱒆|tiān}}|⿰口天}}<br />
! ''x''<br />
| 天<br />
! {{lang|el|Ω}}<br />
| [[File:Uppercase Omega.svg|16px]]<br />
! {{lang|el|ω}}<br />
| 柳<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! ''Y''<br />
| {{ruby|哋|dì}}<br />
! ''y''<br />
| 地<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! Z<br />
| {{RareChar|{{ruby|㕥|rén}}|⿰口人}}<br />
! z<br />
| 人<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== 运算符及其他引进符号 ===<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; font-family:serif !important;"<br />
|-<br />
! LaTeX<br />
! HTML<br />
! 说明<br />
|-<br />
! <math>\bot</math>{{note|group="表注"|{{cd|\bot}}}}<br />
! ⊥{{note|group="表注"|U+22A5,{{cd|&amp;bottom;|&amp;bot;|&amp;perp;|&amp;UpTee;|&amp;#8869;}}}}<br />
| 正也,加也{{note|group="表注"|此处并非垂直符号<math>\perp</math>({{cd|\perp}})或⟂(U+27C2,{{cd|&amp;#10178;}})。不使用加号+(U+002B,{{cd|&amp;#plus;|&amp;#43;}})是因为易与汉字数字“十”混淆。此为“上”的古字(丄,U+4E04,{{cd|&amp;#19972;}})。}}<br />
|-<br />
! <math>\top</math>{{note|group="表注"|{{cd|\top}}}}<br />
! ⊤{{note|group="表注"|U+22A4,{{cd|&amp;top;|&amp;DownTee;|&amp;#8868;}}}}<br />
| 負也,減也{{note|group="表注"|不使用减号−(U+2212,{{cd|&amp;minus;|&amp;#8722;}})或连字暨减号-(U+002D,{{cd|&amp;#45;}})是因为易与汉字数字“一”混淆。此为“下”的古字(丅,U+4E05,{{cd|&amp;#19973;}} )。}}<br />
|-<br />
! <math>\times</math>{{note|group="表注"|{{cd|\times}}}}<br />
! ×{{note|group="表注"|U+00D7,{{cd|&amp;times;|&amp;#215;}}}}<br />
| 相乘也<br />
|-<br />
! <math>\div</math>{{note|group="表注"|{{cd|\div}}}}<br />
! ÷{{note|group="表注"|U+00F7,{{cd|&amp;divide;|&amp;#247;}}}}<br />
| 約也,或作<math>-</math><br />
|-<br />
! <math>::::</math> <br />
! ::::<br />
| 四率比例也<br />
|-<br />
! <math>()</math><br />
! ()<br />
| 括諸數為一數也,名曰括弧<br />
|-<br />
! <math>\sqrt{}</math>{{note|group="表注"|{{cd|\sqrt{&#125; }}}}<br />
! √<br />
| 開方根也<br />
|-<br />
! <math>=</math><br />
! =<br />
| 等於{{note|group="表注"|与原符号不同,书中为防止与汉字数字“二”混淆而被拉长。}}<br />
|-<br />
! <math><</math><br />
! <<br />
| 右大於左<br />
|-<br />
! <math>></math><br />
! ><br />
| 左大於右<br />
|-<br />
! <math>0</math><br />
! 0<br />
| 無也<br />
|-<br />
! <math>\infty</math>{{note|group="表注"|{{cd|\infty}}}}<br />
! ∞<br />
| 無窮也<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== 注释 ===<br />
<br />
{{notelist|表注}}<br />
<br />
== 术语 ==<br />
<br />
书中新创了大量术语,其中有很多沿用至今。<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed"<br />
|+ 术语表<br />
! 原文<br />
! 译文<br />
|-<br />
! Abbreviated expression <br />
| 簡式<br />
|-<br />
! Abscissa <br />
| 橫線<br />
|-<br />
! Acute angle <br />
| 銳角<br />
|-<br />
! Add <br />
| 加<br />
|-<br />
! Addition <br />
| 加法<br />
|-<br />
! Adjacent angle <br />
| 旁角<br />
|-<br />
! Algebra <br />
| 代數學<br />
|-<br />
! Algebra curve <br />
| 代數曲線<br />
|-<br />
! Altitude <br />
| 高,股,中垂線<br />
|-<br />
! Anomaly <br />
| 奇式<br />
|-<br />
! Answer <br />
| 答<br />
|-<br />
! Antecedent <br />
| 前{{ruby|率|shuài}}<br />
|-<br />
! Approximation <br />
| 迷率<br />
|-<br />
! Arc <br />
| 弧<br />
|-<br />
! Area <br />
| 面積<br />
|-<br />
! Arithmetic <br />
| 數學<br />
|-<br />
! Asymptote <br />
| 漸近線<br />
|-<br />
! Axiom <br />
| 公論<br />
|-<br />
! Axis <br />
| 軸,軸線<br />
|-<br />
! Axis major <br />
| 長徑,長軸<br />
|-<br />
! Axis minor <br />
| 短徑,短軸<br />
|-<br />
! Axis of abscissas <br />
| 橫軸<br />
|-<br />
! Axis of coordinates <br />
| 總橫軸<br />
|-<br />
! Axis of ordinate <br />
| 縱軸<br />
|-<br />
! Base <br />
| 底,勾<br />
|-<br />
! Binominal <br />
| 二項式<br />
|-<br />
! Binomial theorem <br />
| 合名法<br />
|-<br />
! Biquadratic parabola <br />
| 三乘方拋物線<br />
|-<br />
! Bisect <br />
| 平分<br />
|-<br />
! Brackets <br />
| 括弧<br />
|-<br />
! Center of an ellipse <br />
| 中點<br />
|-<br />
! Chord <br />
| 通弦<br />
|-<br />
! Circle <br />
| 平圜<br />
|-<br />
! Circular expression <br />
| 圜式<br />
|-<br />
! Circumference <br />
| 周<br />
|-<br />
! Circumsoribed <br />
| 外切<br />
|-<br />
! Coefficient <br />
| 係數<br />
|-<br />
! Common algebra expression <br />
| 代數常式<br />
|-<br />
! Coincide <br />
| 合<br />
|-<br />
! Commensurable <br />
| 有等數<br />
|-<br />
! Common <br />
| 公<br />
|-<br />
! Complement <br />
| 餘<br />
|-<br />
! Complementary angle <br />
| 餘角<br />
|-<br />
! Concave <br />
| 凹<br />
|-<br />
! Concentric <br />
| 同心<br />
|-<br />
! Cone <br />
| 圓錐<br />
|-<br />
! Conjugate axis <br />
| 相屬軸<br />
|-<br />
! Conjugate diameter <br />
| 相屬徑<br />
|-<br />
! Conjugate hyperbola <br />
| 相屬雙曲線<br />
|-<br />
! Consequent <br />
| 後率<br />
|-<br />
! Constant <br />
| 常數<br />
|-<br />
! Construct <br />
| 做圖<br />
|-<br />
! Contact <br />
| 切<br />
|-<br />
! Converging series <br />
| 斂級數<br />
|-<br />
! Convex <br />
| 凸<br />
|-<br />
! Coordinates <br />
| 總橫線<br />
|-<br />
! Corollary <br />
| 系<br />
|-<br />
! Cosecant <br />
| 餘割<br />
|-<br />
! Cosine <br />
| 餘弦<br />
|-<br />
! Cotangent <br />
| 餘切<br />
|-<br />
! Coversedsine <br />
| 餘矢<br />
|-<br />
! Cube <br />
| 立方<br />
|-<br />
! Cube root <br />
| 立方根<br />
|-<br />
! Cubical parabola <br />
| 立方根拋物線<br />
|-<br />
! Curvature <br />
| 曲率<br />
|-<br />
! Curve <br />
| 曲線<br />
|-<br />
! Cusp <br />
| 歧點<br />
|-<br />
! Cycloid <br />
| 擺線<br />
|-<br />
! Cylinder <br />
| 圜柱<br />
|-<br />
! Decagon <br />
| 十邊形<br />
|-<br />
! Decrease <br />
| 損<br />
|-<br />
! Decreasing function <br />
| 損函數<br />
|-<br />
! Definition <br />
| 界說<br />
|-<br />
! Degree of an expression <br />
| 次<br />
|-<br />
! Degree of angular measurement <br />
| 度<br />
|-<br />
! Denominator <br />
| 分母,母數<br />
|-<br />
! Dependent variable <br />
| 因變數<br />
|-<br />
! Diagonal <br />
| 對角線<br />
|-<br />
! Diameter <br />
| 徑<br />
|-<br />
! Difference <br />
| 較<br />
|-<br />
! Differential <br />
| 微分<br />
|-<br />
! Differential calculus <br />
| 微分學<br />
|-<br />
! Differential coefficient <br />
| 微係數<br />
|-<br />
! Differentiate <br />
| 求微分<br />
|-<br />
! Direction <br />
| 方向<br />
|-<br />
! Directrix <br />
| 準線<br />
|-<br />
! Distance <br />
| 距線<br />
|-<br />
! Diverging lines <br />
| 漸遠線<br />
|-<br />
! Diverging series <br />
| 發級數<br />
|-<br />
! Divide <br />
| 約<br />
|-<br />
! Dividend <br />
| 實<br />
|-<br />
! Division (absolute) <br />
| 約法<br />
|-<br />
! Division (concrete) <br />
| 除法<br />
|-<br />
! Divisor <br />
| 法<br />
|-<br />
! Dodecahedron <br />
| 十二面體<br />
|-<br />
! Duplicate <br />
| 倍比例<br />
|-<br />
! Edge of polyhedron <br />
| 稜<br />
|-<br />
! Ellipse <br />
| 橢圓<br />
|-<br />
! Equal <br />
| 等<br />
|-<br />
! Equation <br />
| 方程式<br />
|-<br />
! Equation of condition <br />
| 偶方程式<br />
|-<br />
! Equiangular <br />
| 等角<br />
|-<br />
! Equilateral <br />
| 等邊<br />
|-<br />
! Equimultiple <br />
| 等倍數<br />
|-<br />
! Evolute <br />
| 漸申線<br />
|-<br />
! Evolution <br />
| 開方<br />
|-<br />
! Expand <br />
| 詳<br />
|-<br />
! Expansion <br />
| 詳式<br />
|-<br />
! Explicit function <br />
| 陽函數<br />
|-<br />
! Exponent <br />
| 指數<br />
|-<br />
! Expression <br />
| 式<br />
|-<br />
! Extreme and mean ratio <br />
| 中末比例<br />
|-<br />
! Extremes of a proportion <br />
| 首尾二率<br />
|-<br />
! Face <br />
| 面<br />
|-<br />
! Factor <br />
| 乘數<br />
|-<br />
! Figure <br />
| 行、圖<br />
|-<br />
! Focus of a conic section <br />
| 心<br />
|-<br />
! Formula <br />
| 法<br />
|-<br />
! Fourth proportional <br />
| 四率<br />
|-<br />
! Fraction <br />
| 分<br />
|-<br />
! Fractional expression <br />
| 分式<br />
|-<br />
! Frustum <br />
| 截圜錐<br />
|-<br />
! Function <br />
| 函數<br />
|-<br />
! General expression <br />
| 公式<br />
|-<br />
! Generate <br />
| 生<br />
|-<br />
! Generating circle <br />
| 母輪<br />
|-<br />
! Generating point <br />
| 母點<br />
|-<br />
! Geometry <br />
| 幾何學<br />
|-<br />
! Given ratio <br />
| 定率<br />
|-<br />
! Great circle <br />
| 大圈<br />
|-<br />
! Greater <br />
| 大<br />
|-<br />
! Hemisphere <br />
| 半球<br />
|-<br />
! Hendecagon <br />
| 十一邊形<br />
|-<br />
! Heptagon <br />
| 七邊形<br />
|-<br />
! Hexagon <br />
| 六邊形<br />
|-<br />
! Hexahedron <br />
| 六面體<br />
|-<br />
! Homogeneous <br />
| 同類<br />
|-<br />
! Homologous <br />
| 相當<br />
|-<br />
! Hypoerbola <br />
| 雙曲線,雙線<br />
|-<br />
! Hyperbolic spiral <br />
| 雙線螺旋<br />
|-<br />
! Hypotheneuse <br />
| 弦<br />
|-<br />
! Icosahedron <br />
| 二十面體<br />
|-<br />
! Implicit function <br />
| 陰函數<br />
|-<br />
! Impossible expression <br />
| 不能式<br />
|-<br />
! Inclination <br />
| 倚度<br />
|-<br />
! Incommensurable <br />
| 無等數<br />
|-<br />
! Increase <br />
| 增<br />
|-<br />
! Increasing function <br />
| 增函數<br />
|-<br />
! Increment <br />
| 長數<br />
|-<br />
! Indefinite <br />
| 無定<br />
|-<br />
! Independent variable <br />
| 自變數<br />
|-<br />
! Indeterminate <br />
| 未定<br />
|-<br />
! Infinite <br />
| 無窮<br />
|-<br />
! Inscribed <br />
| 內切,所容<br />
|-<br />
! Integral <br />
| 積分<br />
|-<br />
! Integral calculus <br />
| 積分學<br />
|-<br />
! Integrate <br />
| 求積分<br />
|-<br />
! Interior <br />
| 裏<br />
|-<br />
! Intersect <br />
| 交<br />
|-<br />
! Intersect at right angles <br />
| 正交<br />
|-<br />
! Inverse circular expression <br />
| 反圜式<br />
|-<br />
! Inverse proportion <br />
| 反比例<br />
|-<br />
! Irrational <br />
| 無比例<br />
|-<br />
! Isolated point <br />
| 特點<br />
|-<br />
! Isosceles triangle <br />
| 二等邊三角形<br />
|-<br />
! Join <br />
| 聯<br />
|-<br />
! Known <br />
| 已知<br />
|-<br />
! Law of continuity <br />
| 漸變之理<br />
|-<br />
! Leg of an angle <br />
| 夾角邊<br />
|-<br />
! Lemma <br />
| 例<br />
|-<br />
! Length <br />
| 長短<br />
|-<br />
! Less <br />
| 小<br />
|-<br />
! Limits <br />
| 限<br />
|-<br />
! Limited <br />
| 有限<br />
|-<br />
! Line <br />
| 線<br />
|-<br />
! Logarithm <br />
| 對數<br />
|-<br />
! Logarithmic curve <br />
| 對數曲線<br />
|-<br />
! Logarithmic spiral <br />
| 對數螺線<br />
|-<br />
! Lowest term <br />
| 最小率<br />
|-<br />
! Maximum <br />
| 極大<br />
|-<br />
! Mean proportion <br />
| 中率<br />
|-<br />
! Means <br />
| 中二率<br />
|-<br />
! Measure <br />
| 度<br />
|-<br />
! Meet <br />
| 遇<br />
|-<br />
! Minimum <br />
| 極小<br />
|-<br />
! Modulus <br />
| 對數根<br />
|-<br />
! Monomial <br />
| 一項式<br />
|-<br />
! Multinomial <br />
| 多項式<br />
|-<br />
! Multiple <br />
| 倍數<br />
|-<br />
! Multiple point <br />
| 倍點<br />
|-<br />
! Multiplicand <br />
| 實<br />
|-<br />
! Multiplication <br />
| 乘法<br />
|-<br />
! Multiplier <br />
| 法<br />
|-<br />
! Multiply <br />
| 乘<br />
|-<br />
! Negative <br />
| 負<br />
|-<br />
! Nonagon <br />
| 九邊形<br />
|-<br />
! Normal <br />
| 法線<br />
|-<br />
! Notation <br />
| 命位,紀法<br />
|-<br />
! Number <br />
| 數<br />
|-<br />
! Numerator <br />
| 分子,子數<br />
|-<br />
! Oblique <br />
| 斜<br />
|-<br />
! Obtuse <br />
| 鈍<br />
|-<br />
! Octagon <br />
| 八邊形<br />
|-<br />
! Octahedron <br />
| 八面體<br />
|-<br />
! Opposite <br />
| 對<br />
|-<br />
! Ordinate <br />
| 縱線<br />
|-<br />
! Origin of coordinate <br />
| 原點<br />
|-<br />
! Parabola <br />
| 拋物線<br />
|-<br />
! Parallel <br />
| 平行<br />
|-<br />
! Parallelogram <br />
| 平行邊形<br />
|-<br />
! Parallelepiped <br />
| 立方體<br />
|-<br />
! Parameter <br />
| 通徑<br />
|-<br />
! Part <br />
| 分,段<br />
|-<br />
! Partial differential <br />
| 偏微分<br />
|-<br />
! Partial differential coefficient <br />
| 偏微係數<br />
|-<br />
! Particular case <br />
| 私式<br />
|-<br />
! Pentagon <br />
| 五邊形<br />
|-<br />
! Perpendicular <br />
| 垂線,股<br />
|-<br />
! Plane <br />
| 平面<br />
|-<br />
! Point <br />
| 點<br />
|-<br />
! Point of contact <br />
| 切點<br />
|-<br />
! Point of inflection <br />
| 彎點<br />
|-<br />
! Point of intersection <br />
| 交點<br />
|-<br />
! Polar curve <br />
| 極曲線<br />
|-<br />
! Polar distance <br />
| 極距<br />
|-<br />
! Pole <br />
| 極<br />
|-<br />
! Polygon <br />
| 多邊形<br />
|-<br />
! Polyhedron <br />
| 多面體<br />
|-<br />
! Polynomial <br />
| 多項式<br />
|-<br />
! Positive <br />
| 正<br />
|-<br />
! Postulate <br />
| 求<br />
|-<br />
! Power <br />
| 方<br />
|-<br />
! Primitive axis <br />
| 舊軸<br />
|-<br />
! Problem <br />
| 題<br />
|-<br />
! Produce <br />
| 引長<br />
|-<br />
! Product <br />
| 得數<br />
|-<br />
! Proportion <br />
| 比例<br />
|-<br />
! Proposition <br />
| 款<br />
|-<br />
! Quadrant <br />
| 象限<br />
|-<br />
! Quadrilateral figure <br />
| 四邊形<br />
|-<br />
! Quadrinomial <br />
| 四項式<br />
|-<br />
! Quam proxime <br />
| 任近<br />
|-<br />
! Quantity <br />
| 幾何<br />
|-<br />
! Question <br />
| 問<br />
|-<br />
! Quindecagon <br />
| 十五邊形<br />
|-<br />
! Quotient <br />
| 得數<br />
|-<br />
! Radius <br />
| 半徑<br />
|-<br />
! Radius vector <br />
| 帶徑<br />
|-<br />
! Ratio <br />
| 率<br />
|-<br />
! Rational expression <br />
| 有比例式<br />
|-<br />
! Reciprocal <br />
| 交互<br />
|-<br />
! Rectangle <br />
| 矩形<br />
|-<br />
! Rectangular <br />
| 正<br />
|-<br />
! Reduce <br />
| 化<br />
|-<br />
! Reduce to a simple form <br />
| 相消<br />
|-<br />
! Regular <br />
| 正<br />
|-<br />
! Relation <br />
| 連屬之理<br />
|-<br />
! Represent <br />
| 顯<br />
|-<br />
! Reverse <br />
| 相反<br />
|-<br />
! Revolution <br />
| 匝<br />
|-<br />
! Right angle <br />
| 直角<br />
|-<br />
! Right-angled triangle <br />
| 勾股形<br />
|-<br />
! Round <br />
| 圜<br />
|-<br />
! Root <br />
| 根<br />
|-<br />
! Root of equation <br />
| 滅數<br />
|-<br />
! Scalene triangle <br />
| 不等邊三角形<br />
|-<br />
! Scholium <br />
| 案<br />
|-<br />
! Secant <br />
| 割線<br />
|-<br />
! Secant (trigonometrical) <br />
| 正割<br />
|-<br />
! Segment <br />
| 截段<br />
|-<br />
! Semicircle <br />
| 半圜周<br />
|-<br />
! Semicubical parabola <br />
| 半立方拋物線<br />
|-<br />
! Semibiquadratic parabola <br />
| 半三乘方拋物線<br />
|-<br />
! Series <br />
| 級數<br />
|-<br />
! Sextant <br />
| 記限<br />
|-<br />
! Side <br />
| 邊<br />
|-<br />
! Sign <br />
| 號<br />
|-<br />
! Similar <br />
| 相似<br />
|-<br />
! Sine <br />
| 正弦<br />
|-<br />
! Singular point <br />
| 獨異點<br />
|-<br />
! Smaller <br />
| 少<br />
|-<br />
! Solid <br />
| 體<br />
|-<br />
! Solidity <br />
| 體積<br />
|-<br />
! Sphere <br />
| 立圜體,球<br />
|-<br />
! Spiral <br />
| 螺線<br />
|-<br />
! Spiral of archimedes <br />
| 亞奇默德螺線<br />
|-<br />
! Square <br />
| 方,正方,冪<br />
|-<br />
! Square root <br />
| 平方根<br />
|-<br />
! Straight line <br />
| 直線<br />
|-<br />
! Subnormal <br />
| 次法線<br />
|-<br />
! Subtangent <br />
| 次切線<br />
|-<br />
! Subtract <br />
| 減<br />
|-<br />
! Subtraction <br />
| 減法<br />
|-<br />
! Sum <br />
| 和<br />
|-<br />
! Supplement <br />
| 外角<br />
|-<br />
! Supplementary chord <br />
| 餘通弦<br />
|-<br />
! Surface <br />
| 面<br />
|-<br />
! Surface of revolution <br />
| 曲面積<br />
|-<br />
! Symbol of quantity <br />
| 元<br />
|-<br />
! Table <br />
| 表<br />
|-<br />
! Tangent <br />
| 切線<br />
|-<br />
! Tangent (trigonometrical) <br />
| 正切<br />
|-<br />
! Term of an expression <br />
| 項<br />
|-<br />
! Term of ratio <br />
| 率<br />
|-<br />
! Tetrahedron <br />
| 四面體<br />
|-<br />
! Theorem <br />
| 術<br />
|-<br />
! Total differential <br />
| 全微分<br />
|-<br />
! Transcendental curve <br />
| 越曲線<br />
|-<br />
! Transcendental expression <br />
| 越式<br />
|-<br />
! Transcendental function <br />
| 越函數<br />
|-<br />
! Transform <br />
| 易<br />
|-<br />
! Transverse axis <br />
| 橫軸,橫徑<br />
|-<br />
! Trapezoid <br />
| 二平行邊四邊形<br />
|-<br />
! Triangle <br />
| 三角形<br />
|-<br />
! Trident <br />
| 三齒線<br />
|-<br />
! Trigonometry <br />
| 三角法<br />
|-<br />
! Trinomial <br />
| 三項式<br />
|-<br />
! Triplicate <br />
| 三倍<br />
|-<br />
! Trisection <br />
| 三等分<br />
|-<br />
! Unequal <br />
| 不等<br />
|-<br />
! Unit <br />
| 一<br />
|-<br />
! Unknown <br />
| 未知<br />
|-<br />
! Unlimited <br />
| 無線<br />
|-<br />
! Value <br />
| 同數<br />
|-<br />
! Variable <br />
| 變數<br />
|-<br />
! Variation <br />
| 變<br />
|-<br />
! Verification <br />
| 證<br />
|-<br />
! Versedsine <br />
| 正矢<br />
|-<br />
! Vertex <br />
| 頂點<br />
|-<br />
! Vertical plane <br />
| 縱面<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== 函数 ==<br />
<br />
<tabber><br />
文言=<br />
在卷十的开头,可以看到那句经典名句:<br />
<br />
{{from|微分之數有二,一曰常數,一曰變數;變數以天地人物等字代之,常數以甲乙子丑等字代之。<br><br>凡式中常數之同數俱不變。如直線之式爲<math>地\xlongequal{\qquad}甲天\bot乙</math>,則線之甲與乙,俱僅有一同數任在何點永不變,而天與地之同數則每點皆變也。<br><br>'''凡此變數中函彼變數,則此爲彼之函數。'''<br><br>如直線之式爲<math>地\xlongequal{\qquad}甲天\bot乙</math>,則地爲天之函數;又平圜之式爲<math>地\xlongequal{\qquad}\sqrt{味^二\top甲^二}</math>,味爲半徑,天爲正弦,地爲餘弦;橢圓之式爲<math>地\xlongequal{\qquad}</math>{{sfrac|呷|{{RareChar|𠮙|⿰口乙}}}}<math>\sqrt{二呷天\top天^二}</math>,皆地爲天之函數也。<br><br>設不明顯天之函數,但指地爲天之因變數,則如下式<math>天\xlongequal{\qquad}函(地) \ 地\xlongequal{\qquad}函(天)</math>,此天爲地之函數,亦地爲天之函數。|《代微積拾級·卷十 微分一·例》}}<br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">[[File:Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus (Chinese, 1859, 2).pdf|page=4|300px]][[File:Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus (Chinese, 1859, 2).pdf|page=3|300px]]</div><br />
|-|<br />
English=<br />
原文如下:<br />
{{from|A<span style{{=}}"font-size: 70%;>RTICLE</span> (157.) I<span style{{=}}"font-size: 70%;>N</span> the Differential Calculus, as in Analytical Geometry, there are two classes of quantities to be considered, viz., ''variables'' and ''constants''.<br><br>Variable quantities are generally represented by the last letters of the alphabet, ''x'', ''y'', ''z'', etc., and any values may be assigned to them which will satisfy the equations into which they enter.<br><br>Constant quantities are generally represented by the firstletters of the alphabet, ''a'', ''b'', ''c'', etc., and these always retain the same values throughout the same investigation.<br><br>Thus, in the equation of a straight line, <br><div style="text-align: center;"><math>y=ax+b</math>,</div>the quantities a and b have but one value for the same line, while ''x'' and ''y'' vary in value for every point of the line.<br><br>(158.) '''One variable is said to be a ''function'' of another variable, when the first is equal to a certain algebraic expression containing the second.''' Thus, in the equation of a straight line <br><div style="text-align: center;"><math>y=ax+b</math>,</div>''y'' is a function of ''x''. <br><br>So, also, in the equation of a circle, <br><div style="text-align: center;"><math>y=\sqrt{R^2-x^2}</math>;</div>and in the equation of the ellipse, <br><div style="text-align: center;"><math>y=\frac{B}{A}\sqrt{2Ax-x^2}</math>.</div>(159.) When we wish merely to denote that ''y'' is ''dependent'' upon ''x'' for its value, without giving the particular expression which shows the value of ''x'', we employ the notation<br><div style="text-align: center;"><math>y=F(x)</math>, or <math>y=f(x)</math>,<br><span style{{=}}"text-align: left; float: left;">or</span><math>x=F(y)</math>, or <math>x=f(y)</math>,</div>which expressions are read, ''y'' is a function of ''x'', or ''x'' is a function of ''y''.<br />
|''Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus'', Differential Calculus, Section I, Definitions and First Principles}}<br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">[[File:Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus.pdf|page=124|300px]][[File:Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus.pdf|page=125|300px]]</div><br />
</tabber><br />
<br />
“凡此变数中函彼变数,则此为彼之函数”(One variable is said to be a function of another variable, when the first is equal to a certain algebraic expression containing the second.)这句话,往往被讹传为出现在李善兰另一译作《代数学》中,其实并非如此,出处就是《代微积拾级》。<br />
<br />
== 微分 ==<br />
<br />
<tabber><br />
文言=<br />
同样是卷十,可以看到微分的定义:<br />
<br />
{{from|'''函數與變數之變比例俱謂之微分''',用彳號記之。如 <math>戌\xlongequal{\qquad}天^三</math>,則得比例 {{RareChar|𢓍|⿰彳天}} : [[File:Differential u.svg|16px]] <math>:: 一 : 三天^二</math>。{{RareChar|𢓍|⿰彳天}}[[File:Differential u.svg|16px]],爲天與戌之微分。后皆仿此,用表天與戌之變比例。以一四兩率相乘,二三兩率相乘,則得[[File:Differential u.svg|16px]]<math>\xlongequal{\qquad}三天^二</math>{{RareChar|𢓍|⿰彳天}}。此顯函數戌之變比例,等于 三天<sup>二</sup> 乘變數天之變比例。以{{RareChar|𢓍|⿰彳天}}約之,得{{sfrac|{{RareChar|𢓍|⿰彳天}}|[[File:Differential u.svg|16px]]}}<math>\xlongequal{\qquad}三天^二</math>。此顯變數之變比例,約函數之變比例,等于函數之微係數也。如戌爲天之函數,三天 爲戌之微係數,此舉立方以㮣其餘。|《代微積拾級·卷十 微分一·論函數微分·第二款》}}<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">[[File:Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus (Chinese, 1859, 2).pdf|page=19|300px]][[File:Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus (Chinese, 1859, 2).pdf|page=18|300px]]</div><br />
|-|<br />
English=<br />
原文如下:<br />
{{from|(170.) '''The rate of variation of a function or of any variable quantity is called its ''differential''''', and is denoted by the letter ''d'' placed before it. Thus, if<br><div style="text-align: center;"><math>u=x^3</math>,</div>then<br><div style="text-align: center;"><math>dx:du::1:3x^2</math>.</div>The expressions ''dx'', ''du'' are read differential of ''x'', differential of ''u'', and denote the rates of variation of ''x'' and ''u''.<br><br>If we multiply together the extremes and the means of the preceding proportion, we have<br><div style="text-align: center;"><math>du=3x^2dx</math>,</div>which signifies that the rate of increase of the function ''u'' is 3''x''<sup>2</sup> times that of the variable ''x''.<br><br>If we divide each member of the last equation by ''dx'', we have<br><div style="text-align: center;"><math>\frac{du}{dx}=3x^2</math>,</div>which expresses the ratio of the rate of variation of the function to that of the independent variable, and is called the ''differential coefficient'' of ''u'' regarded as a function of ''x''.|''Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus'', Differential Calculus, Section I, Differentiation of Algebraic Functions, Proposition II - Theorem}}<br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">[[File:Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus.pdf|page=131|300px]]</div><br />
<br />
注意,时至今日,微分号为了与量区别而记作<math>\mathrm{d}</math>,书中的微分号仍然是斜体<math>d</math>。<br />
<br />
</tabber><br />
<br />
书中所称“Differential Coefficient”,译作“微系数”,今天称作'''导数(Derivative)'''。无论是中英文,这种古老的说法都已很罕见。<br />
<br />
== 积分 ==<br />
<br />
<tabber><br />
文言=<br />
在卷十七,定义了积分:<br />
<br />
{{from|積分爲微分之還原,其法之要,在識別微分所由生之函數。如已得 天<sup>二</sup> 之微分爲 二天{{RareChar|𢓍|⿰彳天}},則有 二天{{RareChar|𢓍|⿰彳天}},即知所由生之函數爲 天<sup>二</sup>,而 天<sup>二</sup> 即爲積分。<br><br>'''已得微分所由生之函數爲積分。'''而積分或有常數附之,或無常數附之,既不能定,故式中恒附以常數,命爲{{RareChar|𠰳|⿰口丙}}。{{RareChar|𠰳|⿰口丙}}或有同數,或爲〇,須攷題乃知。<br><br>來本之視微分,若函數諸小較之一,諸小較并之,即成函數。故微分之左係一禾字,指欲取諸微分之積分也。如下式 禾二天{{RareChar|𢓍|⿰彳天}}<math>\xlongequal{\qquad} 天^二 \bot</math>{{RareChar|𠰳|⿰口丙}}。來氏說今西國天算家大率不用,而惟用此禾字,取其一覽了然也。|《代微積拾級·卷十七 積分一·總論》}}<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">[[File:Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus (Chinese, 1859, 3).pdf|page=4|300px]][[File:Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus (Chinese, 1859, 3).pdf|page=3|300px]]</div><br />
|-|<br />
English=<br />
原文如下:<br />
{{from|A<span style{{=}}"font-size: 70%;>RTICLE</span> (291.) T<span style{{=}}"font-size: 70%;>HE</span> Integral Calculus is the reverse of the Differential Calculus, its object being to determine the expression or function from which a given differential has been derived.<br><br>Thus we have found that the differential of ''x''<sup>2</sup> is 2''xdx'', therefore, if we have given 2''xdx'', we know that it must have been derived from ''x'', or plus a constant term.<br><br>(292.) '''The function from which the given differential has been derived, is called its ''integral''.''' Hence, as we are not certain whether the integral has a constant quantity or not added to it, we annex a constant quantity represented by C, the value of which is to be determined from the nature of the problem. <br><br>(293.) Leibnitz considered the differentials of functions as indefinitely small differences, and the sum of these indefinitely small differences he regarded as making up the function; hence the letter S was placed before the differential to show that the sum was to be taken. As it was frequently required to place S before a compound expression, it was elongated into the sign ''∫'', which, being placed before a differential, denotes that its integral is to be taken. Thus,<br><div style="text-align: center;"><math>\int 2xdx = x^2+C</math>.</div>This sign ''∫'' is still retained ever by those whu reject the philosophy of Leibnitz. |''Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus'', Integral Calculus, Section I, Integration of Monomial Differentials}}<br />
<br />
实际上,书中的积分号仅仅写作<span style="font-family:serif;">''∫''</span>,没有写得像今天的<math>\int</math>那么长。<br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">[[File:Elements of Analytical Geometry and of The Differential and Integral Calculus.pdf|page=228|300px]]</div><br />
</tabber><br />
<br />
[[分类:数学]]<br />
<br />
{{Study}}</div>
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<br />
.infobox-row:nth-child(2n) > .infobox-cell-data {<br />
background-color: #EEE;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.infobox-row:nth-child(2n+1) > .infobox-cell-data {<br />
background-color: #FFF;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.infobox-row > .infobox-cell-header {<br />
background-color: #DDF;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.subinfobox {<br />
background-color: #FFF;<br />
}<br />
<br />
/* [[Template:Shortcut]] */<br />
.shortcut-box {<br />
background-color: #f8f9fa;<br />
border: 1px solid #CCC;<br />
max-width: 400px;<br />
min-width: 70px;<br />
padding: 0.3em 0.5em;<br />
}<br />
<br />
/* Horizontal list */<br />
#mw-content-text .hlist ul {<br />
display: inline;<br />
margin: 0;<br />
padding: 0;<br />
}<br />
<br />
#mw-content-text .hlist li {<br />
display: inline;<br />
}<br />
<br />
#mw-content-text .hlist li:not(:last-child) {<br />
padding-right: 0.286em;<br />
}<br />
<br />
#mw-content-text .hlist li:not(:last-child)::after {<br />
content: "";<br />
display: inline-block;<br />
position: relative;<br />
left: 0.286em;<br />
bottom: 0.214em;<br />
background-color: #000;<br />
height: 3px;<br />
width: 3px;<br />
}<br />
<br />
#mw-content-text .hlist li > ul li:first-child::before {<br />
content: "(";<br />
}<br />
<br />
#mw-content-text .hlist li > ul li:last-child::after {<br />
content: ")";<br />
}<br />
<br />
#mw-content-text .hlist li li li {<br />
font-size: x-small;<br />
}<br />
<br />
/** hlist exception on MobileDiff **/<br />
#mw-mf-diffarea .hlist.revision-history-links li {<br />
display: inline-block;<br />
padding-right: 0;<br />
}<br />
#mw-mf-diffarea .hlist.revision-history-links li::after {<br />
display: none;<br />
}<br />
<br />
/* [[Template:Sprite]] */<br />
.sprite {<br />
display: inline-block;<br />
vertical-align: text-top;<br />
height: 16px;<br />
width: 16px;<br />
background-repeat: no-repeat;<br />
}<br />
.sprite + .sprite-text {<br />
padding-left: 0.312em;<br />
}<br />
<br />
/* [[Template:CommentSprite]]: [[File:CommentCSS.png]] */<br />
.comment-sprite {<br />
background-image: url(/w/images/9/9c/CommentCSS.png);<br />
}<br />
<br />
<br />
/* To make images responsive */<br />
.res-img img {<br />
max-width:100%;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.stretch-img img {<br />
width:100%;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.pixel-img img {<br />
image-rendering: crisp-edges;<br />
}<br />
<br />
/* Generic nowrap class */<br />
.nowrap {<br />
white-space: nowrap;<br />
}<br />
<br />
/* Hide noscript only elements */<br />
.noscript {<br />
display: none;<br />
}<br />
<br />
/* Hide things on mobile (the extension is meant to do this automatically, but it doesn't work) */<br />
.skin-minerva .nomobile {<br />
display: none;<br />
}<br />
<br />
/* [[Template:Archive box]] */<br />
.archive-box {<br />
background-color: #f8f9fa;<br />
text-align: left;<br />
border: 1px solid #CCC;<br />
margin-top: 3px;<br />
max-width: 16em;<br />
min-width: 8em;<br />
font-size: 90%;<br />
padding: 2px;<br />
}<br />
<br />
/* [[Template:Table Choice]] */<br />
.tc-default {<br />
background-color: #f8f9fa;<br />
color: #222222;<br />
}<br />
.tc-always {<br />
background-color: #5DCC5D;<br />
color: #004100;<br />
}<br />
.tc-yes {<br />
background-color: #C6EFCE;<br />
color: #006100;<br />
}<br />
.tc-no {<br />
background-color: #FFC7CE;<br />
color: #9C0006;<br />
}<br />
.tc-never {<br />
background-color: #FF5757;<br />
color: #700005;<br />
}<br />
.tc-rarely {<br />
background-color: #FDCE5E;<br />
color: #835400;<br />
}<br />
.tc-neutral {<br />
background-color: #FFEB9C;<br />
color: #9C6500;<br />
}<br />
.tc-partial {<br />
background-color: #FFFFDD;<br />
color: #8A7600;<br />
}<br />
.tc-planned {<br />
background-color: #DFDFFF;<br />
color: #0131B7;<br />
}<br />
.tc-unknown {<br />
background-color: #CCCCCC;<br />
color: #222222;<br />
}<br />
.tc-in-off {<br />
background-color: #006600;<br />
color: #FFFFFF;<br />
}<br />
.tc-in-on {<br />
background-color: #00CC00;<br />
color: #FFFFFF;<br />
}<br />
.tc-out-off {<br />
background-color: #990000;<br />
color: #FFFFFF;<br />
}<br />
.tc-out-on {<br />
background-color: #FF0000;<br />
color: #FFFFFF;<br />
}<br />
.tc-na {<br />
background-color: #FFFFFF;<br />
color: #000000;<br />
}<br />
<br />
/* [[Template:Close topic]] */<br />
.closed-topic-yes {<br />
border: 1px dotted #AAA;<br />
background-color: #efe;<br />
padding: 0 10px;<br />
}<br />
.closed-topic-no {<br />
border: 1px dotted #AAA;<br />
background-color: #fee;<br />
padding: 0 10px;<br />
}<br />
.closed-topic-neutral {<br />
border: 1px dotted #AAA;<br />
background-color: #eef;<br />
padding: 0 10px;<br />
}<br />
<br />
/* [[Template:Quote]] */<br />
.quote {<br />
display: grid;<br />
gap: 0 4px;<br />
align-items: center;<br />
max-width: max-content;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.quote-mark {<br />
font: bold 3.3em Times, serif;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.quote-mark-start {<br />
align-self: start;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.quote-mark-end {<br />
line-height: 0.5;<br />
align-self: end;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.quote-attribution {<br />
grid-column: -3 / span 1;<br />
text-align: right;<br />
font-size: smaller;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.quote-content, .quote-content:lang(zh-Hans), .quote-content:lang(zh-Hans-CN) {<br />
font-size: 107.143%; <br />
font-family: Garamond, Optima, "Times New Roman", "Liberation Serif", "Kaiti SC", "AR PL UKai CN", "Adobe Kaiti Std", "AR PL UKai TW", KaiTi, STKaiti, BiauKai, DFKai-SB, sans-serif;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.quote-content:lang(zh-Hant), .quote-content:lang(zh-Hant-TW) {<br />
font-family: Garamond, Optima, "Times New Roman", "Liberation Serif", "Kaiti TC", "AR PL UKai TW", "Adobe Kaiti Std", "AR PL UKai CN", BiauKai, DFKai-SB, KaiTi, STKaiti, sans-serif;<br />
}<br />
<br />
/** Misc stuff **/<br />
/* The white header used throughout the wiki */<br />
.wiki-header {<br />
background: #EEE;<br />
border: 1px solid #CCC;<br />
border-bottom: 4px groove #BBB;<br />
border-right: 4px groove #BBB;<br />
padding: 5px;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.mainpage-header {<br />
display: flex;<br />
justify-content: center;<br />
align-items: center;<br />
flex-wrap: wrap;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.wordmark-container {<br />
display: flex;<br />
flex-direction: column;<br />
justify-content: center;<br />
}<br />
<br />
@media screen and (max-width: 850px), <br />
@media screen and (max-width: 1099px) and (min-width: 851px){<br />
.wordmark-description-container {<br />
display: flex;<br />
flex-direction: column;<br />
justify-content: center;<br />
align-items: center;<br />
}<br />
}<br />
<br />
.wordmark-description {<br />
font-size: 1.2em;<br />
}<br />
<br />
/* Collapsible elements ([[MediaWiki:Gadget-site.js]]) */<br />
.collapsible.collapsed > tr:not(:first-child),<br />
.collapsible.collapsed > tbody > tr:not(:first-child),<br />
.collapsible.collapsed > thead + tbody > tr:first-child,<br />
.collapsible.collapsed > tbody + tbody > tr:first-child,<br />
.collapsible.collapsed > tfoot > tr,<br />
.collapsible.collapsed > .collapsible-content {<br />
display: none;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.collapsetoggle {<br />
display: inline-block;<br />
font-weight: normal;<br />
font-style: normal;<br />
float: right;<br />
text-align: right;<br />
margin-left: 0.8em;<br />
}<br />
.collapsetoggle-left > tr > * > .collapsetoggle,<br />
.collapsetoggle-left > * > tr > * > .collapsetoggle,<br />
.collapsetoggle-left > * > .collapsetoggle,<br />
.collapsetoggle-left > .collapsetoggle {<br />
float: left;<br />
text-align: left;<br />
margin-right: 0.8em;<br />
margin-left: 0;<br />
}<br />
.collapse-button-none > * > tr > * > .collapsetoggle,<br />
.collapsetoggle-inline > tr > * > .collapsetoggle,<br />
.collapsetoggle-inline > * > tr > * > .collapsetoggle,<br />
.collapsetoggle-inline > * > .collapsetoggle,<br />
.collapsetoggle-inline > .collapsetoggle {<br />
float: none;<br />
text-align:left;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.collapsetoggle-custom {<br />
visibility: hidden;<br />
}<br />
<br />
/* [[Template:Keys]], [[Module:Keys]] */<br />
.keyboard-key {<br />
background-color: #f8f9fa;<br />
color: #222;<br />
font-size: 80%;<br />
font-family: inherit;<br />
font-weight: bold;<br />
border: 1px solid #c8ccd1;<br />
border-radius: 2px;<br />
box-shadow: 0 1px 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2), 0 0 0 2px #fff inset;<br />
padding: 0.1em 0.4em;<br />
text-shadow: 0 1px 0 #fff;<br />
text-align: center;<br />
}<br />
/* tooltip */<br />
abbr[title],.explain[title] {<br />
border: 1px solid #cccccc;<br />
border-radius: 2px;<br />
text-decoration: none<br />
}<br />
<br />
/* Comments */<br />
.comments-body > p:nth-child(2) {<br />
display: none;<br />
}<br />
<br />
select[name="TheOrder"] {<br />
background-color: #f8f9fa;<br />
min-height: 2.28571429em;<br />
border: 1px solid #a2a9b1;<br />
border-radius: 2px;<br />
padding: 6px 12px;<br />
line-height: 1;<br />
}<br />
#spy > p > a,<br />
.c-form-button > input {<br />
background-color: #f8f9fa;<br />
color: #202122;<br />
display: inline-block;<br />
box-sizing: border-box;<br />
min-height: 2.28571429em;<br />
padding: 6px 12px;<br />
border: 1px solid #a2a9b1;<br />
border-radius: 2px;<br />
cursor: pointer;<br />
font-weight: bold;<br />
margin: auto 0;<br />
font-size: 0.95em !important;<br />
}<br />
<br />
#spy > p {<br />
margin: 0;<br />
}<br />
.c-spy {<br />
font-size: 0.95em !important;<br />
}<br />
<br />
/* Heimu */<br />
span.heimu a.external,<br />
span.heimu a.external:visited,<br />
span.heimu a.extiw,<br />
span.heimu a.extiw:visited {<br />
color: #252525;<br />
}<br />
.heimu,<br />
.heimu a,<br />
a .heimu,<br />
.heimu a.new {<br />
background-color: #252525;<br />
color: #252525;<br />
text-shadow: none;<br />
}<br />
body:not(.heimu_toggle_on) .heimu:hover,<br />
body:not(.heimu_toggle_on) .heimu:active,<br />
body:not(.heimu_toggle_on) .heimu.off {<br />
transition: color .13s linear;<br />
color: white;<br />
}<br />
body:not(.heimu_toggle_on) .heimu:hover a,<br />
body:not(.heimu_toggle_on) a:hover .heimu,<br />
body:not(.heimu_toggle_on) .heimu.off a,<br />
body:not(.heimu_toggle_on) a:hover .heimu.off {<br />
transition: color .13s linear;<br />
color: lightblue;<br />
}<br />
body:not(.heimu_toggle_on) .heimu.off .new,<br />
body:not(.heimu_toggle_on) .heimu.off .new:hover,<br />
body:not(.heimu_toggle_on) .new:hover .heimu.off,<br />
body:not(.heimu_toggle_on) .heimu.off .new,<br />
body:not(.heimu_toggle_on) .heimu.off .new:hover,<br />
body:not(.heimu_toggle_on) .new:hover .heimu.off {<br />
transition: color .13s linear;<br />
color: #BA0000;<br />
}<br />
<br />
/* CJK */<br />
span[lang] {<br />
font-family: initial;<br />
font-feature-settings: "locl" on;<br />
-webkit-font-feature-settings: "locl" on;<br />
}<br />
[style*="font:" i] span[lang],<br />
[style*="font-family:" i] span[lang] {<br />
font-family: inherit;<br />
}<br />
<br />
/* Japanese Italic */<br />
@font-face {<br />
font-family: JapaneseItalic;<br />
src: local(meiryo);<br />
}<br />
i span[lang=ja i],<br />
span[lang=ja i] i,<br />
[style*=italic i] span[lang=ja i],<br />
span[lang=ja i] [style*=italic i] {<br />
font-family: JapaneseItalic, sans-serif;<br />
}<br />
[style*="font:" i] i span[lang=ja i],<br />
[style*="font-family:" i] i span[lang=ja i],<br />
[style*="font:" i] span[lang=ja i] i,<br />
[style*="font-family:" i] span[lang=ja i] i,<br />
[style*="font:" i] [style*=italic i] span[lang=ja i],<br />
[style*="font-family:" i] [style*=italic i] span[lang=ja i],<br />
[style*="font:" i] span[lang=ja i] [style*=italic i],<br />
[style*="font-family:" i] span[lang=ja i] [style*=italic i] {<br />
font-family: inherit;<br />
}</div>
SkyEye FAST
https://mh.wdf.ink/w/index.php?title=MediaWiki:Gadget-site-styles.css&diff=3231
MediaWiki:Gadget-site-styles.css
2023-10-01T17:03:32Z
<p>SkyEye FAST:// Edit via Wikiplus</p>
<hr />
<div>/*<br />
* 这里放置的样式将同时应用到桌面版和移动版视图<br />
* 仅用于桌面版的样式请放置于[[MediaWiki:Common.css]]和其他皮肤对应样式表内<br />
* 仅用于移动版的样式请放置于[[MediaWiki:Mobile.css]]<br />
*/<br />
<br />
/* content mostly taken from [[adodoz:MediaWiki:Gadget-site-styles.css]], also from [[mcw:zh:MediaWiki:Gadget-site-styles.css]] & [[moe:zh:MediaWiki:Gadget-site-styles.css]] */<br />
<br />
/* 复制粘贴到别的地方的时候记得写原出处,而不要写这里。 */<br />
<br />
<br />
/* Element animator */<br />
#siteNotice .animated > *:not(.animated-active),<br />
#localNotice .animated > *:not(.animated-active),<br />
#bodyContent .animated > *:not(.animated-active),<br />
#bodyContent .animated > .animated-subframe > *:not(.animated-active) {<br />
display: none;<br />
}<br />
#bodyContent span.animated,<br />
#bodyContent span.animated.animated-visible > *,<br />
#bodyContent span.animated.animated-visible > .animated-subframe > * {<br />
display: inline-block;<br />
}<br />
#bodyContent div.animated.animated-visible > *,<br />
#bodyContent div.animated.animated-visible > .animated-subframe > * {<br />
display: block;<br />
}<br />
<br />
/* MD Icons */<br />
@font-face {<br />
font-family: 'Material Icons';<br />
font-style: normal;<br />
font-weight: 400;<br />
src: local('Material Icons'),<br />
local('MaterialIcons-Regular'),<br />
url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/materialicons/v70/flUhRq6tzZclQEJ-Vdg-IuiaDsNc.woff2) format('woff2'),<br />
url(//cdn.bootcss.com/material-design-icons/3.0.2/iconfont/MaterialIcons-Regular.woff2) format('woff2'),<br />
url(//cdn.bootcss.com/material-design-icons/3.0.2/iconfont/MaterialIcons-Regular.woff) format('woff'),<br />
url(//cdn.bootcss.com/material-design-icons/3.0.2/iconfont/MaterialIcons-Regular.ttf) format('truetype');<br />
<br />
}<br />
<br />
.material-icons {<br />
font-family: 'Material Icons';<br />
font-weight: normal;<br />
font-style: normal;<br />
font-size: 24px;<br />
/* Preferred icon size */<br />
display: inline-block;<br />
line-height: 1;<br />
text-transform: none;<br />
letter-spacing: normal;<br />
word-wrap: normal;<br />
white-space: nowrap;<br />
direction: ltr;<br />
<br />
/* Support for all WebKit browsers. */<br />
-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;<br />
/* Support for Safari and Chrome. */<br />
text-rendering: optimizeLegibility;<br />
<br />
/* Support for Firefox. */<br />
-moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale;<br />
<br />
/* Support for IE. */<br />
font-feature-settings: 'liga';<br />
<br />
vertical-align: bottom;<br />
}<br />
<br />
/* table fix on mobile */<br />
.content table.ambox {<br />
margin-left: 0;<br />
margin-right: 0;<br />
}<br />
<br />
<br />
/** Template stylings **/<br />
/* [[Template:Message box]] */<br />
.msgbox {<br />
display: grid;<br />
gap: 0.6em;<br />
align-items: center;<br />
max-width: 80%;<br />
margin: 0.5em auto;<br />
padding: 0.3em 0.6em;<br />
border-left: 8px solid #36c;<br />
background-color: #f8f9fa;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.msgbox.msgbox-mini {<br />
gap: 0.3em;<br />
margin-left: 0;<br />
margin-right: 0;<br />
padding: 0 0.3em;<br />
max-width: max-content;<br />
}<br />
<br />
@media screen and (max-width: 720px) {<br />
.msgbox {<br />
max-width: 100%;<br />
}<br />
}<br />
<br />
.msgbox + .msgbox {<br />
margin-top: -0.5em;<br />
border-top: 1px solid #ccc;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.msgbox.msgbox-default,<br />
.msgbox.msgbox-notice {<br />
border-left-color: #36c;<br />
background-color: #f8f9fa;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.msgbox.msgbox-red,<br />
.msgbox.msgbox-warning {<br />
background-color: #fcc;<br />
border-left-color: #e44;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.msgbox.msgbox-orange,<br />
.msgbox.msgbox-content {<br />
background-color: #fdb;<br />
border-left-color: #f90;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.msgbox.msgbox-yellow,<br />
.msgbox.msgbox-style {<br />
background-color: #ffc;<br />
border-left-color: #fc3;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.msgbox.msgbox-green,<br />
.msgbox.msgbox-status {<br />
background-color: #cfc;<br />
border-left-color: #3a3;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.msgbox.msgbox-cyan,<br />
.msgbox.msgbox-version {<br />
background-color: #dff;<br />
border-left-color: #6df;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.msgbox.msgbox-magenta {<br />
background-color: #fdf;<br />
border-left-color: #f9f;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.msgbox.msgbox-purple,<br />
.msgbox.msgbox-move {<br />
background-color: #ecf;<br />
border-left-color: #96c;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.msgbox.msgbox-gray,<br />
.msgbox.msgbox-protection {<br />
background-color: #eee;<br />
border-left-color: #ddd;<br />
}<br />
<br />
<br />
/* [[Template:Documentation]], [[模块:Documentation]] */<br />
.documentation,<br />
.documentation-header.documentation-docpage {<br />
border: 1px solid #AAA;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.documentation,<br />
.documentation-header,<br />
.documentation-footer {<br />
background-color: #F8F9FA;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.documentation.documentation-nodoc {<br />
background-color: #F9EAEA;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.documentation.documentation-baddoc {<br />
background-color: #F9F2EA;<br />
}<br />
<br />
/* [[Template:Infobox]], [[模块:Infobox]] */<br />
.notaninfobox {<br />
position: relative;<br />
float: right;<br />
clear: right;<br />
width: 300px;<br />
margin: 0 0 0.6em 0.6em;<br />
font-size: 90%;<br />
border: 1px solid #CCC;<br />
background-color: #FFF;<br />
padding: 2px;<br />
overflow-x: auto;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.notaninfobox > div:not(:first-child) {<br />
padding-top: 2px;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.infobox-title {<br />
background-color: #d8ecff;<br />
font-weight: bold;<br />
font-size: 1.25em;<br />
text-align: center;<br />
padding: 0.25em 0;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.infobox-imagearea {<br />
text-align: center;<br />
padding: 0 4px;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.infobox-imagearea > div:not(:first-child) {<br />
margin-top: 0.8em;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.infobox-subheader {<br />
text-align: center;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.infobox-rows {<br />
display: grid;<br />
grid-template-columns: max-content 1fr;<br />
gap: 2px;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.infobox-row {<br />
display: contents;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.infobox-cell-header,<br />
.infobox-cell-data {<br />
padding: 2px;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.infobox-cell-data .subinfobox {<br />
margin: -2px;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.infobox-footer {<br />
font-size: 90%;<br />
margin-top: 0.2rem;<br />
}<br />
<br />
@media screen and (max-width: 720px) {<br />
.notaninfobox {<br />
position: static;<br />
float: none;<br />
clear: none;<br />
margin: 0.6em 0;<br />
width: calc(100% - 6px);<br />
}<br />
}<br />
<br />
.infobox-row:nth-child(2n) > .infobox-cell-data {<br />
background-color: #EEE;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.infobox-row:nth-child(2n+1) > .infobox-cell-data {<br />
background-color: #FFF;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.infobox-row > .infobox-cell-header {<br />
background-color: #DDF;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.subinfobox {<br />
background-color: #FFF;<br />
}<br />
<br />
/* [[Template:Shortcut]] */<br />
.shortcut-box {<br />
background-color: #f8f9fa;<br />
border: 1px solid #CCC;<br />
max-width: 400px;<br />
min-width: 70px;<br />
padding: 0.3em 0.5em;<br />
}<br />
<br />
/* Horizontal list */<br />
#mw-content-text .hlist ul, #mw-content-text .hlist ul {<br />
display: inline;<br />
margin: 0;<br />
padding: 0;<br />
}<br />
<br />
#mw-content-text .hlist li, #mw-content-text .hlist li {<br />
display: inline;<br />
}<br />
<br />
#mw-content-text .hlist li:not(:last-child), #mw-content-text .hlist li:not(:last-child) {<br />
padding-right: 0.286em;<br />
}<br />
<br />
#mw-content-text .hlist li:not(:last-child)::after, #mw-content-text .hlist li:not(:last-child)::after {<br />
content: "";<br />
display: inline-block;<br />
position: relative;<br />
left: 0.286em;<br />
bottom: 0.214em;<br />
background-color: #000;<br />
height: 3px;<br />
width: 3px;<br />
}<br />
<br />
#mw-content-text .hlist li > ul li:first-child::before, #mw-content-text .hlist li > ul li:first-child::before {<br />
content: "(";<br />
}<br />
<br />
#mw-content-text .hlist li > ul li:last-child::after, #mw-content-text .hlist li > ul li:last-child::after {<br />
content: ")";<br />
}<br />
<br />
#mw-content-text .hlist li li li, #mw-content-text .hlist li li li {<br />
font-size: x-small;<br />
}<br />
<br />
/** hlist exception on MobileDiff **/<br />
#mw-mf-diffarea .hlist.revision-history-links li {<br />
display: inline-block;<br />
padding-right: 0;<br />
}<br />
#mw-mf-diffarea .hlist.revision-history-links li::after {<br />
display: none;<br />
}<br />
<br />
/* [[Template:Sprite]] */<br />
.sprite {<br />
display: inline-block;<br />
vertical-align: text-top;<br />
height: 16px;<br />
width: 16px;<br />
background-repeat: no-repeat;<br />
}<br />
.sprite + .sprite-text {<br />
padding-left: 0.312em;<br />
}<br />
<br />
/* [[Template:CommentSprite]]: [[File:CommentCSS.png]] */<br />
.comment-sprite {<br />
background-image: url(/w/images/9/9c/CommentCSS.png);<br />
}<br />
<br />
<br />
/* To make images responsive */<br />
.res-img img {<br />
max-width:100%;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.stretch-img img {<br />
width:100%;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.pixel-img img {<br />
image-rendering: crisp-edges;<br />
}<br />
<br />
/* Generic nowrap class */<br />
.nowrap {<br />
white-space: nowrap;<br />
}<br />
<br />
/* Hide noscript only elements */<br />
.noscript {<br />
display: none;<br />
}<br />
<br />
/* Hide things on mobile (the extension is meant to do this automatically, but it doesn't work) */<br />
.skin-minerva .nomobile {<br />
display: none;<br />
}<br />
<br />
/* [[Template:Archive box]] */<br />
.archive-box {<br />
background-color: #f8f9fa;<br />
text-align: left;<br />
border: 1px solid #CCC;<br />
margin-top: 3px;<br />
max-width: 16em;<br />
min-width: 8em;<br />
font-size: 90%;<br />
padding: 2px;<br />
}<br />
<br />
/* [[Template:Table Choice]] */<br />
.tc-default {<br />
background-color: #f8f9fa;<br />
color: #222222;<br />
}<br />
.tc-always {<br />
background-color: #5DCC5D;<br />
color: #004100;<br />
}<br />
.tc-yes {<br />
background-color: #C6EFCE;<br />
color: #006100;<br />
}<br />
.tc-no {<br />
background-color: #FFC7CE;<br />
color: #9C0006;<br />
}<br />
.tc-never {<br />
background-color: #FF5757;<br />
color: #700005;<br />
}<br />
.tc-rarely {<br />
background-color: #FDCE5E;<br />
color: #835400;<br />
}<br />
.tc-neutral {<br />
background-color: #FFEB9C;<br />
color: #9C6500;<br />
}<br />
.tc-partial {<br />
background-color: #FFFFDD;<br />
color: #8A7600;<br />
}<br />
.tc-planned {<br />
background-color: #DFDFFF;<br />
color: #0131B7;<br />
}<br />
.tc-unknown {<br />
background-color: #CCCCCC;<br />
color: #222222;<br />
}<br />
.tc-in-off {<br />
background-color: #006600;<br />
color: #FFFFFF;<br />
}<br />
.tc-in-on {<br />
background-color: #00CC00;<br />
color: #FFFFFF;<br />
}<br />
.tc-out-off {<br />
background-color: #990000;<br />
color: #FFFFFF;<br />
}<br />
.tc-out-on {<br />
background-color: #FF0000;<br />
color: #FFFFFF;<br />
}<br />
.tc-na {<br />
background-color: #FFFFFF;<br />
color: #000000;<br />
}<br />
<br />
/* [[Template:Close topic]] */<br />
.closed-topic-yes {<br />
border: 1px dotted #AAA;<br />
background-color: #efe;<br />
padding: 0 10px;<br />
}<br />
.closed-topic-no {<br />
border: 1px dotted #AAA;<br />
background-color: #fee;<br />
padding: 0 10px;<br />
}<br />
.closed-topic-neutral {<br />
border: 1px dotted #AAA;<br />
background-color: #eef;<br />
padding: 0 10px;<br />
}<br />
<br />
/* [[Template:Quote]] */<br />
.quote {<br />
display: grid;<br />
gap: 0 4px;<br />
align-items: center;<br />
max-width: max-content;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.quote-mark {<br />
font: bold 3.3em Times, serif;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.quote-mark-start {<br />
align-self: start;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.quote-mark-end {<br />
line-height: 0.5;<br />
align-self: end;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.quote-attribution {<br />
grid-column: -3 / span 1;<br />
text-align: right;<br />
font-size: smaller;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.quote-content, .quote-content:lang(zh-Hans), .quote-content:lang(zh-Hans-CN) {<br />
font-size: 107.143%; <br />
font-family: Garamond, Optima, "Times New Roman", "Liberation Serif", "Kaiti SC", "AR PL UKai CN", "Adobe Kaiti Std", "AR PL UKai TW", KaiTi, STKaiti, BiauKai, DFKai-SB, sans-serif;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.quote-content:lang(zh-Hant), .quote-content:lang(zh-Hant-TW) {<br />
font-family: Garamond, Optima, "Times New Roman", "Liberation Serif", "Kaiti TC", "AR PL UKai TW", "Adobe Kaiti Std", "AR PL UKai CN", BiauKai, DFKai-SB, KaiTi, STKaiti, sans-serif;<br />
}<br />
<br />
/** Misc stuff **/<br />
/* The white header used throughout the wiki */<br />
.wiki-header {<br />
background: #EEE;<br />
border: 1px solid #CCC;<br />
border-bottom: 4px groove #BBB;<br />
border-right: 4px groove #BBB;<br />
padding: 5px;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.mainpage-header {<br />
display: flex;<br />
justify-content: center;<br />
align-items: center;<br />
flex-wrap: wrap;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.wordmark-container {<br />
display: flex;<br />
flex-direction: column;<br />
justify-content: center;<br />
}<br />
<br />
@media screen and (max-width: 850px), <br />
@media screen and (max-width: 1099px) and (min-width: 851px){<br />
.wordmark-description-container {<br />
display: flex;<br />
flex-direction: column;<br />
justify-content: center;<br />
align-items: center;<br />
}<br />
}<br />
<br />
.wordmark-description {<br />
font-size: 1.2em;<br />
}<br />
<br />
/* Collapsible elements ([[MediaWiki:Gadget-site.js]]) */<br />
.collapsible.collapsed > tr:not(:first-child),<br />
.collapsible.collapsed > tbody > tr:not(:first-child),<br />
.collapsible.collapsed > thead + tbody > tr:first-child,<br />
.collapsible.collapsed > tbody + tbody > tr:first-child,<br />
.collapsible.collapsed > tfoot > tr,<br />
.collapsible.collapsed > .collapsible-content {<br />
display: none;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.collapsetoggle {<br />
display: inline-block;<br />
font-weight: normal;<br />
font-style: normal;<br />
float: right;<br />
text-align: right;<br />
margin-left: 0.8em;<br />
}<br />
.collapsetoggle-left > tr > * > .collapsetoggle,<br />
.collapsetoggle-left > * > tr > * > .collapsetoggle,<br />
.collapsetoggle-left > * > .collapsetoggle,<br />
.collapsetoggle-left > .collapsetoggle {<br />
float: left;<br />
text-align: left;<br />
margin-right: 0.8em;<br />
margin-left: 0;<br />
}<br />
.collapse-button-none > * > tr > * > .collapsetoggle,<br />
.collapsetoggle-inline > tr > * > .collapsetoggle,<br />
.collapsetoggle-inline > * > tr > * > .collapsetoggle,<br />
.collapsetoggle-inline > * > .collapsetoggle,<br />
.collapsetoggle-inline > .collapsetoggle {<br />
float: none;<br />
text-align:left;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.collapsetoggle-custom {<br />
visibility: hidden;<br />
}<br />
<br />
/* [[Template:Keys]], [[Module:Keys]] */<br />
.keyboard-key {<br />
background-color: #f8f9fa;<br />
color: #222;<br />
font-size: 80%;<br />
font-family: inherit;<br />
font-weight: bold;<br />
border: 1px solid #c8ccd1;<br />
border-radius: 2px;<br />
box-shadow: 0 1px 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2), 0 0 0 2px #fff inset;<br />
padding: 0.1em 0.4em;<br />
text-shadow: 0 1px 0 #fff;<br />
text-align: center;<br />
}<br />
/* tooltip */<br />
abbr[title],.explain[title] {<br />
border: 1px solid #cccccc;<br />
border-radius: 2px;<br />
text-decoration: none<br />
}<br />
<br />
/* Comments */<br />
.comments-body > p:nth-child(2) {<br />
display: none;<br />
}<br />
<br />
select[name="TheOrder"] {<br />
background-color: #f8f9fa;<br />
min-height: 2.28571429em;<br />
border: 1px solid #a2a9b1;<br />
border-radius: 2px;<br />
padding: 6px 12px;<br />
line-height: 1;<br />
}<br />
#spy > p > a,<br />
.c-form-button > input {<br />
background-color: #f8f9fa;<br />
color: #202122;<br />
display: inline-block;<br />
box-sizing: border-box;<br />
min-height: 2.28571429em;<br />
padding: 6px 12px;<br />
border: 1px solid #a2a9b1;<br />
border-radius: 2px;<br />
cursor: pointer;<br />
font-weight: bold;<br />
margin: auto 0;<br />
font-size: 0.95em !important;<br />
}<br />
<br />
#spy > p {<br />
margin: 0;<br />
}<br />
.c-spy {<br />
font-size: 0.95em !important;<br />
}<br />
<br />
/* Heimu */<br />
span.heimu a.external,<br />
span.heimu a.external:visited,<br />
span.heimu a.extiw,<br />
span.heimu a.extiw:visited {<br />
color: #252525;<br />
}<br />
.heimu,<br />
.heimu a,<br />
a .heimu,<br />
.heimu a.new {<br />
background-color: #252525;<br />
color: #252525;<br />
text-shadow: none;<br />
}<br />
body:not(.heimu_toggle_on) .heimu:hover,<br />
body:not(.heimu_toggle_on) .heimu:active,<br />
body:not(.heimu_toggle_on) .heimu.off {<br />
transition: color .13s linear;<br />
color: white;<br />
}<br />
body:not(.heimu_toggle_on) .heimu:hover a,<br />
body:not(.heimu_toggle_on) a:hover .heimu,<br />
body:not(.heimu_toggle_on) .heimu.off a,<br />
body:not(.heimu_toggle_on) a:hover .heimu.off {<br />
transition: color .13s linear;<br />
color: lightblue;<br />
}<br />
body:not(.heimu_toggle_on) .heimu.off .new,<br />
body:not(.heimu_toggle_on) .heimu.off .new:hover,<br />
body:not(.heimu_toggle_on) .new:hover .heimu.off,<br />
body:not(.heimu_toggle_on) .heimu.off .new,<br />
body:not(.heimu_toggle_on) .heimu.off .new:hover,<br />
body:not(.heimu_toggle_on) .new:hover .heimu.off {<br />
transition: color .13s linear;<br />
color: #BA0000;<br />
}<br />
<br />
/* CJK */<br />
span[lang] {<br />
font-family: initial;<br />
font-feature-settings: "locl" on;<br />
-webkit-font-feature-settings: "locl" on;<br />
}<br />
[style*="font:" i] span[lang],<br />
[style*="font-family:" i] span[lang] {<br />
font-family: inherit;<br />
}<br />
<br />
/* Japanese Italic */<br />
@font-face {<br />
font-family: JapaneseItalic;<br />
src: local(meiryo);<br />
}<br />
i span[lang=ja i],<br />
span[lang=ja i] i,<br />
[style*=italic i] span[lang=ja i],<br />
span[lang=ja i] [style*=italic i] {<br />
font-family: JapaneseItalic, sans-serif;<br />
}<br />
[style*="font:" i] i span[lang=ja i],<br />
[style*="font-family:" i] i span[lang=ja i],<br />
[style*="font:" i] span[lang=ja i] i,<br />
[style*="font-family:" i] span[lang=ja i] i,<br />
[style*="font:" i] [style*=italic i] span[lang=ja i],<br />
[style*="font-family:" i] [style*=italic i] span[lang=ja i],<br />
[style*="font:" i] span[lang=ja i] [style*=italic i],<br />
[style*="font-family:" i] span[lang=ja i] [style*=italic i] {<br />
font-family: inherit;<br />
}</div>
SkyEye FAST
https://mh.wdf.ink/w/index.php?title=MediaWiki:Gadgets-definition&diff=3230
MediaWiki:Gadgets-definition
2023-10-01T16:58:53Z
<p>SkyEye FAST:// Edit via Wikiplus</p>
<hr />
<div>== default ==<br />
* site[ResourceLoader|default|hidden|targets=desktop,mobile]|site.js<br />
* site-styles[ResourceLoader|default|hidden|targets=desktop,mobile]|site-styles.css<br />
* site-lib[ResourceLoader|dependencies=mediawiki.util|rights=hidden|hidden|targets=desktop,mobile]|site-lib.js<br />
* adminlinks[ResourceLoader|default|hidden|targets=desktop,mobile|dependencies=mediawiki.api,mediawiki.jqueryMsg,oojs-ui-core,oojs-ui-widgets]|adminlinks.css|adminlinks.js<br />
* LocalObjectStorage[ResourceLoader|type=general|rights=hidden|hidden|targets=desktop,mobile]|LocalObjectStorage.js<br />
<br />
== reader ==<br />
* refTooltip[ResourceLoader|default|dependencies=mediawiki.util,ext.gadget.site-lib|type=general|targets=desktop]|refTooltip.js|refTooltip.css<br />
* Navigation_popups[ResourceLoader|dependencies=ext.gadget.site-lib|type=general]|popups.js|popups.css<br />
* notoSerifSC[ResourceLoader|default|targets=desktop,mobile]|noto-serif-sc-local.css<br />
* source-han[ResourceLoader|targets=desktop,mobile]|source-han.css<br />
* shortURL[ResourceLoader|default|dependencies=oojs-ui-core,oojs-ui-widgets,oojs-ui.styles.icons-editing-core,ext.gadget.site-lib|skins=timeless|targets=desktop]|shortURL.css|shortURL.js<br />
* float-toc[ResourceLoader|type=general|default|dependencies=ext.gadget.LocalObjectStorage,mediawiki.toc,ext.gadget.site-lib]|float-toc.js|float-toc.css<br />
* improved-infobox[ResourceLoader|default|targets=desktop,mobile]|improved-infobox.css<br />
* pangu[ResourceLoader|default|targets=desktop,mobile]|pangu.js<br />
* HeimuToggle[ResourceLoader|type=general|dependencies=user.options]|heimu-toggle.js|heimu-toggle.css<br />
* HeimuToggleDefaultOn[ResourceLoader|type=general|dependencies=ext.gadget.HeimuToggle]|heimu-toggle-defaultOn.js<br />
<br />
== editor ==<br />
* edittop[ResourceLoader|default|right=edit|dependencies=user.options,mediawiki.util|type=general|targets=desktop]|edittop.js|edittop.css<br />
* editConflict[ResourceLoader|default|right=edit|type=general|target=desktop]|editConflict.js<br />
* multiupload[ResourceLoader|default|right=upload|type=general|targets=desktop]|multiupload.js<br />
* protectionLocks[ResourceLoader|right=edit|dependencies=mediawiki.util|targets=desktop]|protectionLocks.js<br />
* purge[ResourceLoader|default|right=purge|type=general|targets=desktop]|purge.js<br />
* wikiplus[ResourceLoader|right=edit|type=general|targets=desktop]|wikiplus.js<br />
* InPageEdit[ResourceLoader|rights=edit]|InPageEdit.js<br />
* autosign[ResourceLoader|default|dependencies=user.options,mediawiki.api,ext.wikiEditor|actions=edit]|autosign.js<br />
* VSCode[ResourceLoader|dependencies=mediawiki.util|rights=edit]|VSCode.js<br />
* VSCodeInsiders[ResourceLoader|dependencies=mediawiki.util|rights=edit]|VSCodeInsiders.js<br />
* HotCat[ResourceLoader|rights=edit]|HotCat.js<br />
<br />
== admin ==<br />
* editableRollback[ResourceLoader|default|rights=rollback|dependencies=mediawiki.ui.input,mediawiki.ui.button|type=general]|editableRollback.js|editableRollback.css<br />
* revisionPatrol[ResourceLoader|default|type=general|rights=patrol|dependencies=mediawiki.api,mediawiki.util,user.options|targets=desktop]|revisionPatrol.js|revisionPatrol.css<br />
* confirmRollback[ResourceLoader|default|rights=rollback|type=general]|confirmRollback.js<br />
* noDeleteReason[ResourceLoader|default|rights=delete|type=general]|noDeleteReason.js</div>
SkyEye FAST
https://mh.wdf.ink/w/index.php?title=%E6%A8%A1%E6%9D%BF:Main_page/News&diff=3229
模板:Main page/News
2023-10-01T08:59:35Z
<p>SkyEye FAST:</p>
<hr />
<div>{{see also|大事记}}<br />
<!-- 此处不应超过3条,新增内容时请删去最后一条。请在更新后同步更新至[[大事记]]。 --><br />
<br />
; 2023年9月29日<br />
奇葩栖息地的MediaWiki版本升级至1.40.1。<br />
<br />
; 2023年9月3日<br />
奇葩栖息地的MediaWiki版本升级至1.40.0。<br />
<br />
; 2023年8月21日<br />
江苏省淮阴中学2022级学生开学,是为新高二。</div>
SkyEye FAST
https://mh.wdf.ink/w/index.php?title=%E6%A8%A1%E6%9D%BF:Message_box/doc&diff=3227
模板:Message box/doc
2023-09-30T15:44:56Z
<p>SkyEye FAST://Edit via InPageEdit</p>
<hr />
<div>{{documentation header}}<br />
{{From mcwzh<br />
| page = Template:Message box<br />
| sync = 0<br />
| revision = 606849<br />
| docrevision = 809359<br />
}}<br />
{{shortcut|msgbox}}<br />
该模板用于向消息框添加一致的样式。<br />
<br />
请注意,在页面源代码中将该模板与{{t|tag}}置于同一行时会导致{{tcode|tag}}换行出错。<br />
<br />
=== 基本用法 ===<br />
<pre style="width: 280px;"><br />
{{msgbox<br />
| title = 这是一个普通的消息框<br />
| text = 还有叙述性的副文本<br />
}}<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
将如此显示:<br />
{{msgbox<br />
| title = 这是一个普通的消息框<br />
| text = 还有叙述性的副文本<br />
| nocat = 1<br />
}}<br />
<br />
=== 微型用法 ===<br />
<pre style="width: 560px;"><br />
{{msgbox<br />
| mini = 1<br />
| icon = 8<br />
| text = 这是一个有图标并且使用[[Template:CommentSprite]]的微型消息框 <br />
}}<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
将如此显示:<br />
{{msgbox<br />
| mini = 1 <br />
| icon = 8 <br />
| text = 这是一个有图标并且使用[[Template:CommentSprite]]的微型消息框<br />
| nocat = 1}}<br />
<br />
=== 高级用法 ===<br />
<pre style="width: 485px;"><br />
{{msgbox<br />
| bgcol = #eef<br />
| linecol = #ddf<br />
| title = 这是一个蓝色的消息框<br />
| text = 它包含一个讨论链接和自定义CSS代码<br />
| discuss = 1<br />
| css = -moz-box-shadow: 0px 0px 6px #888; -webkit-box-shadow: 0px 0px 6px #888;<br />
}}<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
将如此显示:<br />
{{msgbox<br />
| bgcol = #eef <br />
| linecol = #ddf <br />
| title = 这是一个蓝色的消息框 <br />
| text = 它包含一个讨论链接和自定义CSS代码 <br />
| discuss = 1 <br />
| css = -moz-box-shadow: 0px 0px 6px #888; -webkit-box-shadow: 0px 0px 6px #888; <br />
| nocat = 1}}<br />
<br />
<pre style="width: 485px;"><br />
{{msgbox<br />
| bgcol = #eef<br />
| linecol = #ddf<br />
| title = 这是一个蓝色消息框<br />
| text = 它包含讨论链接,自定义的CSS代码以及一个自定义图片<br />
| discuss = 1<br />
| image = Bot.png<br />
| css = -moz-box-shadow: 0px 0px 6px #888; -webkit-box-shadow: 0px 0px 6px #888;<br />
}}<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
将如此显示:<br />
{{msgbox<br />
| bgcol = #eef<br />
| linecol = #ddf<br />
| title = 这是一个蓝色消息框<br />
| text = 它包含讨论链接,自定义的CSS代码以及一个自定义图片<br />
| discuss = 1<br />
| image = Bot.png<br />
| css = -moz-box-shadow: 0px 0px 6px #888; -webkit-box-shadow: 0px 0px 6px #888;<br />
| nocat = 1}}<br />
<br />
自定义图片的尺寸还可以使用"imagesize"来指定,例如:<code>imagesize = 50px</code><br />
<br />
=== 高级微型用法 ===<br />
<pre style="width: 680px;">{{msgbox<br />
| mini = 1<br />
| image = Bot.png<br />
| bgcol = #eef<br />
| linecol = #ddf<br />
| css = -moz-box-shadow: 0px 0px 6px #888; -webkit-box-shadow: 0px 0px 6px #888;<br />
| text = 这是一个微型消息框,类似于上边的高级消息框。<br />
}}</pre><br />
<br />
将如此显示: <br />
{{msgbox<br />
| mini = 1<br />
| image = Bot.png<br />
| bgcol = #eef<br />
| linecol = #ddf<br />
| css = -moz-box-shadow: 0px 0px 6px #888; -webkit-box-shadow: 0px 0px 6px #888;<br />
| text = 这是一个微型消息框,类似于上边的高级消息框。<br />
| nocat = 1}}<br />
它的图片同样也能选择尺寸。<br />
<includeonly><br />
<br />
<!-- 模板分类和跨语言链接 --><br />
[[Category:通知模板]]<br />
<br />
</includeonly><br />
<noinclude><br />
<!-- 文档分类和跨语言链接 --><br />
<br />
</noinclude></div>
SkyEye FAST
https://mh.wdf.ink/w/index.php?title=%E6%A8%A1%E6%9D%BF:Message_box&diff=3226
模板:Message box
2023-09-30T15:43:07Z
<p>SkyEye FAST:回退到SkyEye FAST在2021-05-04 16:54:48时制作的修订版本109,通过popups</p>
<hr />
<div><includeonly><div<br />
class="msgbox {{#if: {{{mini|}}} | msgbox-mini }} {{{color|}}} {{{class|}}}"<br />
style="<br />
{{#if: {{{bgcol|}}} | background-color: {{{bgcol}}}; }}<br />
{{#if: {{{linecol|}}} | border-left-color: {{{linecol}}}; }}<br />
{{#if: {{{font-size|}}} | font-size: {{{font-size}}}; }}<br />
grid-template-columns: {{#if: {{{icon|}}}{{{image|}}} | max-content }} 1fr;<br />
{{{css|}}}"><br />
{{#if: {{{icon|}}}{{{image|}}}<br />
| <div<br />
class="msgbox-icon-image"<br />
{{#if: {{{imagecss|}}} | style="{{{imagecss}}}" }}<br />
>{{{imagetextbefore|}}}{{<br />
#if: {{{icon|}}}<br />
| {{CommentSprite|{{{icon|}}}}}<br />
}}{{<br />
#if: {{{image|}}}<br />
| [[File:{{{image}}}|{{<br />
#if: {{{imagesize|}}}<br />
| {{{imagesize}}}<br />
| {{#if: {{{mini|}}}<br />
| 16px<br />
| 32px<br />
}}<br />
}}|text-top]]<br />
}}{{{imagetextafter|}}}<br />
</div><br />
}}<!--<br />
--><div<br />
class="msgbox-content"<br />
style="text-align: {{{text-align|left}}};"><br />
{{#if: {{{title|}}}<br />
| <div class="msgbox-title">'''{{{title}}}'''{{<br />
#if: {{{discuss|}}}{{{discussPage|}}}{{{discussAnchor|}}}<br />
| &nbsp;<sup>{{Direct link|{{<br />
#if: {{{discussPage|}}}<br />
| {{{discussPage}}}<br />
| {{TALKPAGENAME}}<br />
}}{{<br />
#if: {{{discussAnchor|}}}<br />
| &#35;{{{discussAnchor}}}<br />
}}|讨论}}</sup>{{<br />
#if: {{{linkshere|}}}<br />
| &nbsp;<sup>[[Special:WhatLinksHere/{{FULLPAGENAME}}|链入]]</sup><br />
}}<br />
}}</div><br />
}}<!--<br />
-->{{#if: {{{text|}}}<br />
| <div class="msgbox-text"><br />
<p style="margin: 0;"><br />
{{{text}}}<br />
</p><br />
</div><br />
}}<br />
</div><br />
</div></includeonly><noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude></div>
SkyEye FAST
https://mh.wdf.ink/w/index.php?title=MediaWiki:Gadget-site-styles.css&diff=3225
MediaWiki:Gadget-site-styles.css
2023-09-30T15:42:55Z
<p>SkyEye FAST:回退到SkyEye FAST在2022-03-27 06:29:06时制作的修订版本2608,通过popups</p>
<hr />
<div>/*<br />
* 这里放置的样式将同时应用到桌面版和移动版视图<br />
* 仅用于桌面版的样式请放置于[[MediaWiki:Common.css]]和其他皮肤对应样式表内<br />
* 仅用于移动版的样式请放置于[[MediaWiki:Mobile.css]]<br />
*/<br />
<br />
/* content mostly taken from [[adodoz:MediaWiki:Gadget-site-styles.css]], also from [[mcw:zh:MediaWiki:Gadget-site-styles.css]] & [[moe:zh:MediaWiki:Gadget-site-styles.css]] */<br />
<br />
/* 复制粘贴到别的地方的时候记得写原出处,而不要写这里。 */<br />
<br />
<br />
/* Element animator */<br />
#siteNotice .animated > *:not(.animated-active),<br />
#localNotice .animated > *:not(.animated-active),<br />
#bodyContent .animated > *:not(.animated-active),<br />
#bodyContent .animated > .animated-subframe > *:not(.animated-active) {<br />
display: none;<br />
}<br />
#bodyContent span.animated,<br />
#bodyContent span.animated.animated-visible > *,<br />
#bodyContent span.animated.animated-visible > .animated-subframe > * {<br />
display: inline-block;<br />
}<br />
#bodyContent div.animated.animated-visible > *,<br />
#bodyContent div.animated.animated-visible > .animated-subframe > * {<br />
display: block;<br />
}<br />
<br />
/* MD Icons */<br />
@font-face {<br />
font-family: 'Material Icons';<br />
font-style: normal;<br />
font-weight: 400;<br />
src: local('Material Icons'),<br />
local('MaterialIcons-Regular'),<br />
url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/materialicons/v70/flUhRq6tzZclQEJ-Vdg-IuiaDsNc.woff2) format('woff2'),<br />
url(//cdn.bootcss.com/material-design-icons/3.0.2/iconfont/MaterialIcons-Regular.woff2) format('woff2'),<br />
url(//cdn.bootcss.com/material-design-icons/3.0.2/iconfont/MaterialIcons-Regular.woff) format('woff'),<br />
url(//cdn.bootcss.com/material-design-icons/3.0.2/iconfont/MaterialIcons-Regular.ttf) format('truetype');<br />
<br />
}<br />
<br />
.material-icons {<br />
font-family: 'Material Icons';<br />
font-weight: normal;<br />
font-style: normal;<br />
font-size: 24px;<br />
/* Preferred icon size */<br />
display: inline-block;<br />
line-height: 1;<br />
text-transform: none;<br />
letter-spacing: normal;<br />
word-wrap: normal;<br />
white-space: nowrap;<br />
direction: ltr;<br />
<br />
/* Support for all WebKit browsers. */<br />
-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;<br />
/* Support for Safari and Chrome. */<br />
text-rendering: optimizeLegibility;<br />
<br />
/* Support for Firefox. */<br />
-moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale;<br />
<br />
/* Support for IE. */<br />
font-feature-settings: 'liga';<br />
<br />
vertical-align: bottom;<br />
}<br />
<br />
/* table fix on mobile */<br />
.content table.ambox {<br />
margin-left: 0;<br />
margin-right: 0;<br />
}<br />
<br />
<br />
/** Template stylings **/<br />
/* [[Template:Message box]] */<br />
.msgbox {<br />
display: grid;<br />
gap: 0.6em;<br />
align-items: center;<br />
max-width: 80%;<br />
margin: 0.5em auto;<br />
padding: 0.3em 0.6em;<br />
border-left: 8px solid #36c;<br />
background-color: #f8f9fa;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.msgbox.msgbox-mini {<br />
gap: 0.3em;<br />
margin-left: 0;<br />
margin-right: 0;<br />
padding: 0 0.3em;<br />
max-width: max-content;<br />
}<br />
<br />
@media screen and (max-width: 720px) {<br />
.msgbox {<br />
max-width: 100%;<br />
}<br />
}<br />
<br />
.msgbox + .msgbox {<br />
margin-top: -0.5em;<br />
border-top: 1px solid #ccc;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.msgbox.msgbox-default,<br />
.msgbox.msgbox-notice {<br />
border-left-color: #36c;<br />
background-color: #f8f9fa;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.msgbox.msgbox-red,<br />
.msgbox.msgbox-warning {<br />
background-color: #fcc;<br />
border-left-color: #e44;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.msgbox.msgbox-orange,<br />
.msgbox.msgbox-content {<br />
background-color: #fdb;<br />
border-left-color: #f90;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.msgbox.msgbox-yellow,<br />
.msgbox.msgbox-style {<br />
background-color: #ffc;<br />
border-left-color: #fc3;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.msgbox.msgbox-green,<br />
.msgbox.msgbox-status {<br />
background-color: #cfc;<br />
border-left-color: #3a3;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.msgbox.msgbox-cyan,<br />
.msgbox.msgbox-version {<br />
background-color: #dff;<br />
border-left-color: #6df;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.msgbox.msgbox-magenta {<br />
background-color: #fdf;<br />
border-left-color: #f9f;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.msgbox.msgbox-purple,<br />
.msgbox.msgbox-move {<br />
background-color: #ecf;<br />
border-left-color: #96c;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.msgbox.msgbox-gray,<br />
.msgbox.msgbox-protection {<br />
background-color: #eee;<br />
border-left-color: #ddd;<br />
}<br />
<br />
<br />
/* [[Template:Documentation]], [[模块:Documentation]] */<br />
.documentation,<br />
.documentation-header.documentation-docpage {<br />
border: 1px solid #AAA;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.documentation,<br />
.documentation-header,<br />
.documentation-footer {<br />
background-color: #F8F9FA;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.documentation.documentation-nodoc {<br />
background-color: #F9EAEA;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.documentation.documentation-baddoc {<br />
background-color: #F9F2EA;<br />
}<br />
<br />
/* [[Template:Infobox]], [[模块:Infobox]] */<br />
.notaninfobox {<br />
position: relative;<br />
float: right;<br />
clear: right;<br />
width: 300px;<br />
margin: 0 0 0.6em 0.6em;<br />
font-size: 90%;<br />
border: 1px solid #CCC;<br />
background-color: #FFF;<br />
padding: 2px;<br />
overflow-x: auto;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.notaninfobox > div:not(:first-child) {<br />
padding-top: 2px;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.infobox-title {<br />
background-color: #d8ecff;<br />
font-weight: bold;<br />
font-size: 1.25em;<br />
text-align: center;<br />
padding: 0.25em 0;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.infobox-imagearea {<br />
text-align: center;<br />
padding: 0 4px;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.infobox-imagearea > div:not(:first-child) {<br />
margin-top: 0.8em;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.infobox-subheader {<br />
text-align: center;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.infobox-rows {<br />
display: grid;<br />
grid-template-columns: max-content 1fr;<br />
gap: 2px;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.infobox-row {<br />
display: contents;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.infobox-cell-header,<br />
.infobox-cell-data {<br />
padding: 2px;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.infobox-cell-data .subinfobox {<br />
margin: -2px;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.infobox-footer {<br />
font-size: 90%;<br />
margin-top: 0.2rem;<br />
}<br />
<br />
@media screen and (max-width: 720px) {<br />
.notaninfobox {<br />
position: static;<br />
float: none;<br />
clear: none;<br />
margin: 0.6em 0;<br />
width: calc(100% - 6px);<br />
}<br />
}<br />
<br />
.infobox-row:nth-child(2n) > .infobox-cell-data {<br />
background-color: #EEE;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.infobox-row:nth-child(2n+1) > .infobox-cell-data {<br />
background-color: #FFF;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.infobox-row > .infobox-cell-header {<br />
background-color: #DDF;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.subinfobox {<br />
background-color: #FFF;<br />
}<br />
<br />
/* [[Template:Shortcut]] */<br />
.shortcut-box {<br />
background-color: #f8f9fa;<br />
border: 1px solid #CCC;<br />
max-width: 400px;<br />
min-width: 70px;<br />
padding: 0.3em 0.5em;<br />
}<br />
<br />
/* Horizontal list */<br />
#bodyContent .hlist ul {<br />
display: inline;<br />
margin: 0;<br />
padding: 0;<br />
}<br />
<br />
#bodyContent .hlist li {<br />
display: inline;<br />
}<br />
<br />
#bodyContent .hlist li:not(:last-child) {<br />
padding-right: 0.286em;<br />
}<br />
<br />
#bodyContent .hlist li:not(:last-child)::after {<br />
content: "";<br />
display: inline-block;<br />
position: relative;<br />
left: 0.286em;<br />
bottom: 0.214em;<br />
background-color: #000;<br />
height: 3px;<br />
width: 3px;<br />
}<br />
<br />
#bodyContent .hlist li > ul li:first-child::before {<br />
content: "(";<br />
}<br />
<br />
#bodyContent .hlist li > ul li:last-child::after {<br />
content: ")";<br />
}<br />
<br />
#bodyContent .hlist li li li {<br />
font-size: x-small;<br />
}<br />
<br />
/* [[Template:Sprite]] */<br />
.sprite {<br />
display: inline-block;<br />
vertical-align: text-top;<br />
height: 16px;<br />
width: 16px;<br />
background-repeat: no-repeat;<br />
}<br />
.sprite + .sprite-text {<br />
padding-left: 0.312em;<br />
}<br />
<br />
/* [[Template:CommentSprite]]: [[File:CommentCSS.png]] */<br />
.comment-sprite {<br />
background-image: url(/w/images/9/9c/CommentCSS.png);<br />
}<br />
<br />
<br />
/* To make images responsive */<br />
.res-img img {<br />
max-width:100%;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.stretch-img img {<br />
width:100%;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.pixel-img img {<br />
image-rendering: crisp-edges;<br />
}<br />
<br />
/* Generic nowrap class */<br />
.nowrap {<br />
white-space: nowrap;<br />
}<br />
<br />
/* Hide noscript only elements */<br />
.noscript {<br />
display: none;<br />
}<br />
<br />
/* Hide things on mobile (the extension is meant to do this automatically, but it doesn't work) */<br />
.skin-minerva .nomobile {<br />
display: none;<br />
}<br />
<br />
/* [[Template:Archive box]] */<br />
.archive-box {<br />
background-color: #f8f9fa;<br />
text-align: left;<br />
border: 1px solid #CCC;<br />
margin-top: 3px;<br />
max-width: 16em;<br />
min-width: 8em;<br />
font-size: 90%;<br />
padding: 2px;<br />
}<br />
<br />
/* [[Template:Table Choice]] */<br />
.tc-default {<br />
background-color: #f8f9fa;<br />
color: #222222;<br />
}<br />
.tc-always {<br />
background-color: #5DCC5D;<br />
color: #004100;<br />
}<br />
.tc-yes {<br />
background-color: #C6EFCE;<br />
color: #006100;<br />
}<br />
.tc-no {<br />
background-color: #FFC7CE;<br />
color: #9C0006;<br />
}<br />
.tc-never {<br />
background-color: #FF5757;<br />
color: #700005;<br />
}<br />
.tc-rarely {<br />
background-color: #FDCE5E;<br />
color: #835400;<br />
}<br />
.tc-neutral {<br />
background-color: #FFEB9C;<br />
color: #9C6500;<br />
}<br />
.tc-partial {<br />
background-color: #FFFFDD;<br />
color: #8A7600;<br />
}<br />
.tc-planned {<br />
background-color: #DFDFFF;<br />
color: #0131B7;<br />
}<br />
.tc-unknown {<br />
background-color: #CCCCCC;<br />
color: #222222;<br />
}<br />
.tc-in-off {<br />
background-color: #006600;<br />
color: #FFFFFF;<br />
}<br />
.tc-in-on {<br />
background-color: #00CC00;<br />
color: #FFFFFF;<br />
}<br />
.tc-out-off {<br />
background-color: #990000;<br />
color: #FFFFFF;<br />
}<br />
.tc-out-on {<br />
background-color: #FF0000;<br />
color: #FFFFFF;<br />
}<br />
.tc-na {<br />
background-color: #FFFFFF;<br />
color: #000000;<br />
}<br />
<br />
/* [[Template:Close topic]] */<br />
.closed-topic-yes {<br />
border: 1px dotted #AAA;<br />
background-color: #efe;<br />
padding: 0 10px;<br />
}<br />
.closed-topic-no {<br />
border: 1px dotted #AAA;<br />
background-color: #fee;<br />
padding: 0 10px;<br />
}<br />
.closed-topic-neutral {<br />
border: 1px dotted #AAA;<br />
background-color: #eef;<br />
padding: 0 10px;<br />
}<br />
<br />
/* [[Template:Quote]] */<br />
.quote {<br />
display: grid;<br />
gap: 0 4px;<br />
align-items: center;<br />
max-width: max-content;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.quote-mark {<br />
font: bold 3.3em Times, serif;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.quote-mark-start {<br />
align-self: start;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.quote-mark-end {<br />
line-height: 0.5;<br />
align-self: end;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.quote-attribution {<br />
grid-column: -3 / span 1;<br />
text-align: right;<br />
font-size: smaller;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.quote-content, .quote-content:lang(zh-Hans), .quote-content:lang(zh-Hans-CN) {<br />
font-size: 107.143%; <br />
font-family: Garamond, Optima, "Times New Roman", "Liberation Serif", "Kaiti SC", "AR PL UKai CN", "Adobe Kaiti Std", "AR PL UKai TW", KaiTi, STKaiti, BiauKai, DFKai-SB, sans-serif;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.quote-content:lang(zh-Hant), .quote-content:lang(zh-Hant-TW) {<br />
font-family: Garamond, Optima, "Times New Roman", "Liberation Serif", "Kaiti TC", "AR PL UKai TW", "Adobe Kaiti Std", "AR PL UKai CN", BiauKai, DFKai-SB, KaiTi, STKaiti, sans-serif;<br />
}<br />
<br />
/** Misc stuff **/<br />
/* The white header used throughout the wiki */<br />
.wiki-header {<br />
background: #EEE;<br />
border: 1px solid #CCC;<br />
border-bottom: 4px groove #BBB;<br />
border-right: 4px groove #BBB;<br />
padding: 5px;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.mainpage-header {<br />
display: flex;<br />
justify-content: center;<br />
align-items: center;<br />
flex-wrap: wrap;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.wordmark-container {<br />
display: flex;<br />
flex-direction: column;<br />
justify-content: center;<br />
}<br />
<br />
@media screen and (max-width: 850px), <br />
@media screen and (max-width: 1099px) and (min-width: 851px){<br />
.wordmark-description-container {<br />
display: flex;<br />
flex-direction: column;<br />
justify-content: center;<br />
align-items: center;<br />
}<br />
}<br />
<br />
.wordmark-description {<br />
font-size: 1.2em;<br />
}<br />
<br />
/* Collapsible elements ([[MediaWiki:Gadget-site.js]]) */<br />
.collapsible.collapsed > tr:not(:first-child),<br />
.collapsible.collapsed > tbody > tr:not(:first-child),<br />
.collapsible.collapsed > thead + tbody > tr:first-child,<br />
.collapsible.collapsed > tbody + tbody > tr:first-child,<br />
.collapsible.collapsed > tfoot > tr,<br />
.collapsible.collapsed > .collapsible-content {<br />
display: none;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.collapsetoggle {<br />
display: inline-block;<br />
font-weight: normal;<br />
font-style: normal;<br />
float: right;<br />
text-align: right;<br />
margin-left: 0.8em;<br />
}<br />
.collapsetoggle-left > tr > * > .collapsetoggle,<br />
.collapsetoggle-left > * > tr > * > .collapsetoggle,<br />
.collapsetoggle-left > * > .collapsetoggle,<br />
.collapsetoggle-left > .collapsetoggle {<br />
float: left;<br />
text-align: left;<br />
margin-right: 0.8em;<br />
margin-left: 0;<br />
}<br />
.collapse-button-none > * > tr > * > .collapsetoggle,<br />
.collapsetoggle-inline > tr > * > .collapsetoggle,<br />
.collapsetoggle-inline > * > tr > * > .collapsetoggle,<br />
.collapsetoggle-inline > * > .collapsetoggle,<br />
.collapsetoggle-inline > .collapsetoggle {<br />
float: none;<br />
text-align:left;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.collapsetoggle-custom {<br />
visibility: hidden;<br />
}<br />
<br />
/* [[Template:Keys]], [[Module:Keys]] */<br />
.keyboard-key {<br />
background-color: #f8f9fa;<br />
color: #222;<br />
font-size: 80%;<br />
font-family: inherit;<br />
font-weight: bold;<br />
border: 1px solid #c8ccd1;<br />
border-radius: 2px;<br />
box-shadow: 0 1px 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2), 0 0 0 2px #fff inset;<br />
padding: 0.1em 0.4em;<br />
text-shadow: 0 1px 0 #fff;<br />
text-align: center;<br />
}<br />
/* tooltip */<br />
abbr[title],.explain[title] {<br />
border: 1px solid #cccccc;<br />
border-radius: 2px;<br />
text-decoration: none<br />
}<br />
<br />
/* Comments */<br />
.comments-body > p:nth-child(2) {<br />
display: none;<br />
}<br />
<br />
select[name="TheOrder"] {<br />
background-color: #f8f9fa;<br />
min-height: 2.28571429em;<br />
border: 1px solid #a2a9b1;<br />
border-radius: 2px;<br />
padding: 6px 12px;<br />
line-height: 1;<br />
}<br />
#spy > p > a,<br />
.c-form-button > input {<br />
background-color: #f8f9fa;<br />
color: #202122;<br />
display: inline-block;<br />
box-sizing: border-box;<br />
min-height: 2.28571429em;<br />
padding: 6px 12px;<br />
border: 1px solid #a2a9b1;<br />
border-radius: 2px;<br />
cursor: pointer;<br />
font-weight: bold;<br />
margin: auto 0;<br />
font-size: 0.95em !important;<br />
}<br />
<br />
#spy > p {<br />
margin: 0;<br />
}<br />
.c-spy {<br />
font-size: 0.95em !important;<br />
}<br />
<br />
/* Heimu */<br />
span.heimu a.external,<br />
span.heimu a.external:visited,<br />
span.heimu a.extiw,<br />
span.heimu a.extiw:visited {<br />
color: #252525;<br />
}<br />
.heimu,<br />
.heimu a,<br />
a .heimu,<br />
.heimu a.new {<br />
background-color: #252525;<br />
color: #252525;<br />
text-shadow: none;<br />
}<br />
body:not(.heimu_toggle_on) .heimu:hover,<br />
body:not(.heimu_toggle_on) .heimu:active,<br />
body:not(.heimu_toggle_on) .heimu.off {<br />
transition: color .13s linear;<br />
color: white;<br />
}<br />
body:not(.heimu_toggle_on) .heimu:hover a,<br />
body:not(.heimu_toggle_on) a:hover .heimu,<br />
body:not(.heimu_toggle_on) .heimu.off a,<br />
body:not(.heimu_toggle_on) a:hover .heimu.off {<br />
transition: color .13s linear;<br />
color: lightblue;<br />
}<br />
body:not(.heimu_toggle_on) .heimu.off .new,<br />
body:not(.heimu_toggle_on) .heimu.off .new:hover,<br />
body:not(.heimu_toggle_on) .new:hover .heimu.off,<br />
body:not(.heimu_toggle_on) .heimu.off .new,<br />
body:not(.heimu_toggle_on) .heimu.off .new:hover,<br />
body:not(.heimu_toggle_on) .new:hover .heimu.off {<br />
transition: color .13s linear;<br />
color: #BA0000;<br />
}<br />
<br />
/* CJK */<br />
span[lang] {<br />
font-family: initial;<br />
font-feature-settings: "locl" on;<br />
-webkit-font-feature-settings: "locl" on;<br />
}<br />
[style*="font:" i] span[lang],<br />
[style*="font-family:" i] span[lang] {<br />
font-family: inherit;<br />
}<br />
<br />
/* Japanese Italic */<br />
@font-face {<br />
font-family: JapaneseItalic;<br />
src: local(meiryo);<br />
}<br />
i span[lang=ja i],<br />
span[lang=ja i] i,<br />
[style*=italic i] span[lang=ja i],<br />
span[lang=ja i] [style*=italic i] {<br />
font-family: JapaneseItalic, sans-serif;<br />
}<br />
[style*="font:" i] i span[lang=ja i],<br />
[style*="font-family:" i] i span[lang=ja i],<br />
[style*="font:" i] span[lang=ja i] i,<br />
[style*="font-family:" i] span[lang=ja i] i,<br />
[style*="font:" i] [style*=italic i] span[lang=ja i],<br />
[style*="font-family:" i] [style*=italic i] span[lang=ja i],<br />
[style*="font:" i] span[lang=ja i] [style*=italic i],<br />
[style*="font-family:" i] span[lang=ja i] [style*=italic i] {<br />
font-family: inherit;<br />
}</div>
SkyEye FAST
https://mh.wdf.ink/w/index.php?title=%E6%A8%A1%E5%9D%97:Documentation&diff=3224
模块:Documentation
2023-09-30T15:42:31Z
<p>SkyEye FAST:回退到SkyEye FAST在2023-09-30 15:20:05时制作的修订版本3212,通过popups</p>
<hr />
<div>local p = {}<br />
local defaultDocPage = 'doc'<br />
<br />
local getType = function( namespace, page )<br />
local pageType = 'template'<br />
if namespace == '模块' then<br />
pageType = 'module'<br />
elseif namespace == 'Widget' then<br />
pageType = 'widget'<br />
elseif page.fullText:gsub( '/' .. defaultDocPage .. '$', '' ):find( '%.css$' ) then<br />
pageType = 'stylesheet'<br />
elseif page.fullText:gsub( '/' .. defaultDocPage .. '$', '' ):find( '%.js$' ) then<br />
pageType = 'script'<br />
elseif namespace == 'MediaWiki' then<br />
pageType = 'message'<br />
end<br />
<br />
return pageType<br />
end<br />
<br />
local getTypeDisplay = function( pageType )<br />
local pageTypeDisplay = '模板'<br />
if pageType == 'module' then<br />
pageTypeDisplay = '模块'<br />
elseif pageType == 'widget' then<br />
pageTypeDisplay = '小工具'<br />
elseif pageType == 'stylesheet' then<br />
pageTypeDisplay = '样式表'<br />
elseif pageType == 'script' then<br />
pageTypeDisplay = '脚本'<br />
elseif pageType == 'message' then<br />
pageTypeDisplay = '界面信息'<br />
end<br />
<br />
return pageTypeDisplay<br />
end<br />
<br />
-- Creating a documentation page or transclution through {{subst:doc}}<br />
function p.create( f )<br />
local args = require( 'Module:ProcessArgs' ).norm()<br />
local page = mw.title.getCurrentTitle()<br />
local docPage = args.page or page.nsText .. ':' .. page.baseText .. '/' .. defaultDocPage<br />
<br />
local out<br />
if not args.content and tostring( page ) == docPage then<br />
local pageType = mw.ustring.lower( args.type or getType( page.nsText, page ) )<br />
local pageTypeDisplay = getTypeDisplay( pageType )<br />
out = f:preprocess( '{{subst:模板:Documentation/preload}}' )<br />
out = out:gsub( '$1' , pageTypeDisplay )<br />
else<br />
local templateArgs = {}<br />
for _, key in ipairs{ 'type', 'page', 'content' } do<br />
local val = args[key]<br />
if val then<br />
if key == 'content' then val = '\n' .. val .. '\n' end<br />
table.insert( templateArgs, key .. '=' .. val )<br />
end<br />
end<br />
<br />
out = '{{documentation|' .. table.concat( templateArgs, '|' ) .. '}}'<br />
out = out:gsub( '|}}', '}}' )<br />
<br />
if not args.content then<br />
out = out .. '\n<!-- 请将分类/语言链接放在文档页面 -->'<br />
end<br />
out = '<noinclude>'..out..'</noinclude>'<br />
end<br />
<br />
if not mw.isSubsting() then<br />
out = f:preprocess( out )<br />
if not args.nocat then<br />
out = out .. '[[分类:需要替换模板的页面]]'<br />
end<br />
end<br />
<br />
return out<br />
end<br />
<br />
-- Header on the documentation page<br />
function p.docPage( f )<br />
local args = require( 'Module:ProcessArgs' ).merge( true )<br />
local badDoc = args.baddoc<br />
<br />
local page = mw.title.getCurrentTitle()<br />
local namespace = page.nsText<br />
local pageType = mw.ustring.lower( args.type or getType( namespace, page ) )<br />
local pageTypeDisplay = getTypeDisplay( pageType )<br />
<br />
local body = mw.html.create( 'div' )<br />
body<br />
:attr( 'class', 'documentation-header documentation-docpage' .. ( badDoc and ' documentation-baddoc' or '' ) )<br />
:tag( 'div' )<br />
:css( 'float', 'right' )<br />
:wikitext( '[[', page:fullUrl( 'action=purge' ), ' 清除缓存]]' )<br />
:done()<br />
:wikitext(<br />
'这是文档页面,它',<br />
pageType == 'module' and '将' or '应该',<br />
'被放置到[[', namespace, ':',page.baseText,<br />
']]。查看[[模板:Documentation]]以获取更多信息。'<br />
)<br />
if badDoc then<br />
body:wikitext( "<br>'''此", pageTypeDisplay, "的文档页面需要改进或添加附加的信息。'''" )<br />
end<br />
if not ( args.nocat or namespace == 'User' ) then<br />
body:wikitext( '[[分类:文档页面]]' )<br />
end<br />
<br />
return body<br />
end<br />
<br />
-- Wrapper around the documentation on the main page<br />
function p.page( f )<br />
-- mw.text.trim uses mw.ustring.gsub, which silently fails on large strings<br />
local function trim( s )<br />
return string.gsub( s, '^[\t\r\n\f ]*(.-)[\t\r\n\f ]*$', '%1' )<br />
end<br />
local args = require( 'Module:ProcessArgs' ).merge( true )<br />
local page = mw.title.getCurrentTitle()<br />
local namespace = page.nsText<br />
local docText = trim( args.content or '' )<br />
if docText == '' then docText = nil end<br />
<br />
local docPage<br />
local noDoc<br />
if docText then<br />
docPage = page<br />
else<br />
docPage = mw.title.new( args.page or namespace .. ':' .. page.text .. '/' .. defaultDocPage )<br />
noDoc = args.nodoc or not docPage.exists<br />
end<br />
local badDoc = args.baddoc<br />
local pageType = mw.ustring.lower( args.type or getType( namespace, page ) )<br />
local pageTypeDisplay = getTypeDisplay( pageType )<br />
<br />
if not docText and not noDoc then<br />
docText = trim( f:expandTemplate{ title = ':' .. docPage.fullText } )<br />
<br />
docText = string.gsub( docText, '<div class="documentation%-header.-</div>\n' , '' )<br />
<br />
if docText == '' then<br />
docText = nil<br />
noDoc = 1<br />
end<br />
end<br />
if docText then<br />
docText = '\n' .. docText .. '\n'<br />
end<br />
<br />
local action = '编辑'<br />
local preload = ''<br />
local classes = ''<br />
local message<br />
local category<br />
if noDoc then<br />
action = '创建'<br />
preload = '&preload=模板:Documentation/preload&preloadparams%5b%5d=' .. pageTypeDisplay<br />
classes = ' documentation-nodoc'<br />
message = "'''此" .. pageTypeDisplay .. "没有文档页面。" ..<br />
"如果你知道此" .. pageTypeDisplay .. "的使用方法,请帮助为其创建文档页面。'''"<br />
if not ( args.nocat or namespace == 'User' ) then<br />
category = '没有文档的' .. pageTypeDisplay<br />
if not mw.title.new( '分类:' .. category ).exists then<br />
category = '没有文档的页面'<br />
end<br />
end<br />
elseif badDoc then<br />
classes = ' documentation-baddoc'<br />
message = "'''此" .. pageTypeDisplay .. "的文档页面需要改进或添加附加信息。'''\n"<br />
if not ( args.nocat or namespace == 'User' ) then<br />
category = '文档质量较低的' .. pageTypeDisplay<br />
if not mw.title.new( '分类:' .. category ).exists then<br />
category = '文档质量较低的页面'<br />
end<br />
end<br />
end<br />
<br />
local links = {<br />
'[' .. docPage:fullUrl( 'action=edit' .. preload ) .. ' ' .. action .. ']',<br />
'[' .. docPage:fullUrl( 'action=history' ) .. ' 历史]',<br />
'[' .. page:fullUrl( 'action=purge' ) .. ' 清除缓存]'<br />
}<br />
if not noDoc and page ~= docPage then<br />
table.insert( links, 1, '[[' .. docPage.fullText .. '|查看]]' )<br />
end<br />
links = mw.html.create( 'span' )<br />
:css( 'float', 'right' )<br />
:wikitext( mw.text.nowiki( '[' ), table.concat( links, ' | ' ), mw.text.nowiki( ']' ) )<br />
<br />
local body = mw.html.create( 'div' )<br />
body:css{<br />
padding = '0.8em 1em 0.7em',<br />
['margin-top'] = '1em'<br />
}<br />
:attr( 'class', 'documentation' .. classes )<br />
<br />
local header = mw.html.create( 'div' ):addClass( 'documentation-header' )<br />
header:css{<br />
margin = '-0.8em -1em 0.8em',<br />
padding = '0.8em 1em 0.7em',<br />
['border-bottom'] = 'inherit'<br />
}<br />
<br />
<br />
header<br />
:node( links )<br />
:tag( 'span' )<br />
:css{<br />
['font-weight'] = 'bold',<br />
['font-size'] = '130%',<br />
['margin-right'] = '1em',<br />
['line-height'] = '1'<br />
}<br />
:wikitext( '文档页面' )<br />
<br />
if not noDoc and pageType ~= 'template' and pageType ~= 'message' then<br />
header<br />
:tag( 'span' )<br />
:css( 'white-space', 'nowrap' )<br />
:wikitext( '[[#the-code|跳转至代码 ↴]]' )<br />
end<br />
<br />
body<br />
:node( header ):done()<br />
:wikitext( message )<br />
:wikitext( docText )<br />
<br />
if not noDoc and page ~= docPage then<br />
body<br />
:tag( 'div' )<br />
:addClass( 'documentation-footer' )<br />
:css{<br />
margin = '0.7em -1em -0.7em',<br />
['border-top'] = 'inherit',<br />
padding = '0.8em 1em 0.7em',<br />
clear = 'both'<br />
}<br />
:node( links )<br />
:wikitext( '上述文档引用自[[', docPage.fullText, ']]。' )<br />
end<br />
<br />
if category then<br />
body:wikitext( '[[分类:', category, ']]' )<br />
end<br />
<br />
local anchor = ''<br />
if not noDoc and pageType ~= 'template' and pageType ~= 'message' then<br />
anchor = mw.html.create( 'div' ):attr( 'id', 'the-code' )<br />
end<br />
<br />
return tostring( body ) .. tostring( anchor )<br />
end<br />
<br />
return p</div>
SkyEye FAST
https://mh.wdf.ink/w/index.php?title=MediaWiki:Common.css&diff=3223
MediaWiki:Common.css
2023-09-30T15:41:03Z
<p>SkyEye FAST:回退到SkyEye FAST在2022-03-27 06:35:45时制作的修订版本2612,通过popups</p>
<hr />
<div>/* <br />
* 这里放置的CSS将应用于所有皮肤,仅对桌面版视图生效<br />
* 仅用于移动版视图请放置于[[MediaWiki:Mobile.css]]内<br />
* 同时用于桌面版和移动版请放置于[[MediaWiki:Gadget-site-styles.css]]内<br />
*/<br />
<br />
.mw-wiki-logo, .mw-wiki-logo.fallback {<br />
display: block;<br />
background-size: 100%;<br />
}<br />
<br />
#p-logo a {<br />
background-size: 100%;<br />
}<br />
<br />
#siteSub:lang(zh),<br />
#p-logo-text:lang(zh) a,<br />
.mw-body:lang(zh) h1,<br />
.mw-body:lang(zh) h2,<br />
.mw-body:lang(zh) h3,<br />
.mw-body:lang(zh) h4,<br />
.mw-body:lang(zh) h5,<br />
.mw-body:lang(zh) h6,<br />
.mw-body:lang(zh) dt,<br />
#siteSub:lang(zh-hans),<br />
#p-logo-text:lang(zh-hans) a,<br />
.mw-body:lang(zh-hans) h1,<br />
.mw-body:lang(zh-hans) h2,<br />
.mw-body:lang(zh-hans) h3,<br />
.mw-body:lang(zh-hans) h4,<br />
.mw-body:lang(zh-hans) h5,<br />
.mw-body:lang(zh-hans) h6,<br />
.mw-body:lang(zh-hans) dt {<br />
font-family: 'Linux Libertine', 'Times New Roman', 'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman', '思源宋体', 'Noto Serif CJK SC', 'Source Han Serif SC', 'Noto Serif SC', 'Noto Serif', 'Times', serif;<br />
}<br />
<br />
#siteSub:lang(zh-hant),<br />
#p-logo-text:lang(zh-hant) a,<br />
.mw-body:lang(zh-hant) h1,<br />
.mw-body:lang(zh-hant) h2,<br />
.mw-body:lang(zh-hant) h3,<br />
.mw-body:lang(zh-hant) h4,<br />
.mw-body:lang(zh-hant) h5,<br />
.mw-body:lang(zh-hant) h6,<br />
.mw-body:lang(zh-hant) dt {<br />
font-family: 'Linux Libertine', 'Times New Roman', 'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman', 'Noto Serif CJK TC', 'Source Han Serif TC', 'Noto Serif TC', 'Times', serif;<br />
}<br />
<br />
#siteSub:lang(ja),<br />
#p-logo-text:lang(ja) a,<br />
.mw-body:lang(ja) h1,<br />
.mw-body:lang(ja) h2,<br />
.mw-body:lang(ja) h3,<br />
.mw-body:lang(ja) h4,<br />
.mw-body:lang(ja) h5,<br />
.mw-body:lang(ja) h6,<br />
.mw-body:lang(ja) dt {<br />
font-family: 'Linux Libertine', 'Times New Roman', 'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman', 'Noto Serif CJK', 'Source Han Serif', 'Noto Serif JP', 'Times', serif;<br />
}<br />
<br />
/* Reset italic styling set by user agent */<br />
cite, dfn {<br />
font-style: inherit;<br />
}<br />
<br />
/* Straight quote marks for <q> */<br />
q {<br />
quotes: '"' '"' "'" "'";<br />
}<br />
<br />
/* Style the sitenotice, avoid content jumping */<br />
#siteNotice {<br />
margin-bottom: 2px;<br />
text-align: center;<br />
}<br />
<br />
/* prevent sitenotice show/hide toggle from moving page contents down after pageload */<br />
.globalNotice .globalNoticeDismiss {<br />
float: right;<br />
}<br />
<br />
#siteNotice #localNotice, #siteNotice .globalNotice {<br />
background-color: transparent; <br />
border: none;<br />
}<br />
<br />
#localNotice .globalNoticeDismiss {<br />
display: none;<br />
}<br />
<br />
/** Template stylings **/<br />
/* [[Template:SimpleNavbox]] */<br />
.navbox {<br />
background: #FFF;<br />
border: 1px solid #CCC;<br />
margin: 1em auto 0;<br />
width: 100%;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.navbox table {<br />
background: #FFF;<br />
margin-left: -4px;<br />
margin-right: -2px;<br />
}<br />
.navbox table:first-child {<br />
margin-top: -2px;<br />
}<br />
.navbox table:last-child {<br />
margin-bottom: -2px;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.navbox .navbox-top {<br />
white-space: nowrap;<br />
background-color: #CCC;<br />
padding: 0 3px;<br />
text-align: center;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.navbox .navbox-middle {<br />
white-space: nowrap;<br />
background-color: #DDD;<br />
padding: 0 3px;<br />
text-align: center;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.navbox .navbox-thru {<br />
white-space: nowrap;<br />
background-color: #EEE;<br />
padding: 0 3px;<br />
text-align: center;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.navbox-navbar,<br />
.navbox-navbar-mini {<br />
float: left;<br />
font-size: 80%;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.navbox-title {<br />
padding: 0 10px;<br />
font-size: 110%;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.navbox th {<br />
background-color: #EEE;<br />
padding: 0 10px;<br />
white-space: nowrap;<br />
text-align: right;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.navbox td {<br />
width: 100%;<br />
padding: 0 0 0 2px;<br />
}<br />
<br />
/* [[Template:LoadBox]] with navbox */<br />
.loadbox-navbox {<br />
padding: 2px !important;<br />
margin: 1em 0 0 !important;<br />
clear: both;<br />
}<br />
#content .loadbox-navbox > p {<br />
background-color: #CCC;<br />
text-align: center;<br />
margin: 0;<br />
padding: 0 3px;<br />
}<br />
.loadbox-navbox > p > b {<br />
font-size: 110%;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.loadbox-navbox .navbox {<br />
margin: 0 -2px -2px;<br />
border: 0;<br />
}<br />
.loadbox-navbox > .load-page-content > .mw-parser-output > .navbox > tbody > tr:first-child {<br />
display: none;<br />
}<br />
<br />
/* [[Template:Hatnote]] */<br />
.dablink {<br />
padding-left: 2em;<br />
}<br />
<br />
/* Turn a list into a tree view style (See [[.minecraft]]) */<br />
.treeview {<br />
margin-top: 0.3em;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.treeview .treeview-header {<br />
padding-left: 3px;<br />
font-weight: bold;<br />
}<br />
.treeview .treeview-header:last-child {<br />
border-color: #636363 !important;<br />
border-left-style: dotted;<br />
}<br />
.treeview .treeview-header:not(:last-child)::before {<br />
content: none;<br />
}<br />
.treeview .treeview-header:last-child::before {<br />
border-bottom: 0;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.treeview ul,<br />
.treeview li {<br />
margin: 0;<br />
padding: 0;<br />
list-style-type: none;<br />
list-style-image: none;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.treeview li li {<br />
position: relative;<br />
padding-left: 13px;<br />
margin-left: 7px;<br />
border-left: 1px solid #636363;<br />
}<br />
.treeview li li::before {<br />
content: "";<br />
position: absolute;<br />
top: 0;<br />
left: -1px;<br />
width: 11px;<br />
height: 11px;<br />
border-bottom: 1px solid #636363;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.treeview li li:last-child:not(.treeview-continue) {<br />
border-color: transparent;<br />
}<br />
.treeview li li:last-child:not(.treeview-continue)::before {<br />
border-left: 1px solid #636363;<br />
width: 10px;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.nbttree-inherited {<br />
background-color: #E6E6FA;<br />
}<br />
<br />
/* Navbar styling when nested in infobox and navbox */<br />
.infobox .navbar {<br />
font-size: 100%;<br />
}<br />
<br />
/* Fix for hieroglyphs specificity issue in infoboxes ([[phab:T43869]]) */<br />
table.mw-hiero-table td {<br />
vertical-align: middle;<br />
}<br />
<br />
#siteSub {<br />
display: block; font-weight: normal; font-size: normal;<br />
}<br />
<br />
body.page-Main_Page.action-view #siteSub,<br />
body.page-Main_Page.action-submit #siteSub {<br />
display: none;<br />
}<br />
<br />
/* Simulate link styling for JS only links */<br />
.jslink {<br />
color: #0645AD;<br />
-webkit-user-select: none;<br />
-moz-user-select: none;<br />
-ms-user-select: none;<br />
user-select: none;<br />
}<br />
.jslink:hover {<br />
text-decoration: underline;<br />
cursor: pointer;<br />
}<br />
.jslink:active {<br />
color: #FAA700;<br />
}<br />
<br />
<br />
/* Mark internal links as plain */<br />
#content a.external[href^="https://mh.wdf.ink/wiki/"], {<br />
background: none;<br />
padding-right: 0;<br />
}</div>
SkyEye FAST
https://mh.wdf.ink/w/index.php?title=MediaWiki:Gadget-site-styles.css&diff=3222
MediaWiki:Gadget-site-styles.css
2023-09-30T15:40:32Z
<p>SkyEye FAST:撤销SkyEye FAST(讨论)的版本3221</p>
<hr />
<div>/*<br />
* 这里放置的样式将同时应用到桌面版和移动版视图<br />
* 仅用于桌面版的样式请放置于[[MediaWiki:Common.css]]和其他皮肤对应样式表内<br />
* 仅用于移动版的样式请放置于[[MediaWiki:Mobile.css]]<br />
*/<br />
<br />
/* content mostly taken from [[adodoz:MediaWiki:Gadget-site-styles.css]], also from [[mcw:zh:MediaWiki:Gadget-site-styles.css]] & [[moe:zh:MediaWiki:Gadget-site-styles.css]] */<br />
<br />
/* 复制粘贴到别的地方的时候记得写原出处,而不要写这里。 */<br />
<br />
<br />
/* Element animator */<br />
#siteNotice .animated > *:not(.animated-active),<br />
#localNotice .animated > *:not(.animated-active),<br />
#bodyContent .animated > *:not(.animated-active),<br />
#bodyContent .animated > .animated-subframe > *:not(.animated-active) {<br />
display: none;<br />
}<br />
#bodyContent span.animated,<br />
#bodyContent span.animated.animated-visible > *,<br />
#bodyContent span.animated.animated-visible > .animated-subframe > * {<br />
display: inline-block;<br />
}<br />
#bodyContent div.animated.animated-visible > *,<br />
#bodyContent div.animated.animated-visible > .animated-subframe > * {<br />
display: block;<br />
}<br />
<br />
/* MD Icons */<br />
@font-face {<br />
font-family: 'Material Icons';<br />
font-style: normal;<br />
font-weight: 400;<br />
src: local('Material Icons'),<br />
local('MaterialIcons-Regular'),<br />
url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/materialicons/v70/flUhRq6tzZclQEJ-Vdg-IuiaDsNc.woff2) format('woff2'),<br />
url(//cdn.bootcss.com/material-design-icons/3.0.2/iconfont/MaterialIcons-Regular.woff2) format('woff2'),<br />
url(//cdn.bootcss.com/material-design-icons/3.0.2/iconfont/MaterialIcons-Regular.woff) format('woff'),<br />
url(//cdn.bootcss.com/material-design-icons/3.0.2/iconfont/MaterialIcons-Regular.ttf) format('truetype');<br />
<br />
}<br />
<br />
.material-icons {<br />
font-family: 'Material Icons';<br />
font-weight: normal;<br />
font-style: normal;<br />
font-size: 24px;<br />
/* Preferred icon size */<br />
display: inline-block;<br />
line-height: 1;<br />
text-transform: none;<br />
letter-spacing: normal;<br />
word-wrap: normal;<br />
white-space: nowrap;<br />
direction: ltr;<br />
<br />
/* Support for all WebKit browsers. */<br />
-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;<br />
/* Support for Safari and Chrome. */<br />
text-rendering: optimizeLegibility;<br />
<br />
/* Support for Firefox. */<br />
-moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale;<br />
<br />
/* Support for IE. */<br />
font-feature-settings: 'liga';<br />
<br />
vertical-align: bottom;<br />
}<br />
<br />
/* table fix on mobile */<br />
.content table.ambox {<br />
margin-left: 0;<br />
margin-right: 0;<br />
}<br />
<br />
<br />
/** Template stylings **/<br />
/* [[Template:Message box]] */<br />
.msgbox {<br />
display: grid;<br />
grid-template-columns: 1fr;<br />
gap: 0.6em;<br />
align-items: center;<br />
max-width: 80%;<br />
margin: 0.5em auto;<br />
padding: 0.3em 0.6em;<br />
border-left: 8px solid var(--custom-border-blue);<br />
background-color: var(--custom-table-background);<br />
}<br />
<br />
.msgbox.has-image {<br />
grid-template-columns: max-content 1fr;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.msgbox.msgbox-mini {<br />
gap: 0.3em;<br />
margin-left: 0;<br />
margin-right: 0;<br />
padding: 0 0.3em;<br />
max-width: max-content;<br />
}<br />
<br />
@media screen and (max-width: 720px) {<br />
.msgbox {<br />
max-width: 100%;<br />
}<br />
}<br />
<br />
.msgbox + .msgbox {<br />
margin-top: -0.5em;<br />
border-top: 1px solid var(--theme-border-color);<br />
}<br />
<br />
.msgbox.msgbox-default,<br />
.msgbox.msgbox-notice {<br />
background-color: var(--custom-table-background);<br />
border-left-color: var(--custom-border-blue);<br />
}<br />
<br />
.msgbox.msgbox-red,<br />
.msgbox.msgbox-warning {<br />
background-color: var(--custom-background-red);<br />
border-left-color: var(--custom-border-red);<br />
}<br />
<br />
.msgbox.msgbox-orange,<br />
.msgbox.msgbox-content {<br />
background-color: var(--custom-background-orange);<br />
border-left-color: var(--custom-border-orange);<br />
}<br />
<br />
.msgbox.msgbox-yellow,<br />
.msgbox.msgbox-style {<br />
background-color: var(--custom-background-yellow);<br />
border-left-color: var(--custom-border-yellow);<br />
}<br />
<br />
.msgbox.msgbox-green,<br />
.msgbox.msgbox-status {<br />
background-color: var(--custom-background-green);<br />
border-left-color: var(--custom-border-green);<br />
}<br />
<br />
.msgbox.msgbox-cyan,<br />
.msgbox.msgbox-version {<br />
background-color: var(--custom-background-cyan);<br />
border-left-color: var(--custom-border-cyan);<br />
}<br />
<br />
.msgbox.msgbox-magenta {<br />
background-color: var(--custom-background-magenta);<br />
border-left-color: var(--custom-border-magenta);<br />
}<br />
<br />
.msgbox.msgbox-purple,<br />
.msgbox.msgbox-move {<br />
background-color: var(--custom-background-purple);<br />
border-left-color: var(--custom-border-purple);<br />
}<br />
<br />
.msgbox.msgbox-grey,<br />
.msgbox.msgbox-protection {<br />
background-color: var(--custom-background-grey);<br />
border-left-color: var(--theme-border-color);<br />
}<br />
<br />
.msgbox-body.align-left {<br />
text-align: left;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.msgbox-body.align-center {<br />
text-align: center;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.msgbox-body.align-right {<br />
text-align: right;<br />
}<br />
<br />
#mw-content-text .msgbox-text p {<br />
margin: 0;<br />
}<br />
<br />
<br />
/* [[Template:Documentation]] */<br />
.documentation,<br />
.documentation-docpage.documentation-header {<br />
border: 1px solid var(--theme-border-color);<br />
}<br />
<br />
.documentation-docpage.documentation-header {<br />
margin-bottom: 0.8em;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.documentation .documentation-header {<br />
margin: -0.8em -1em 0.8em;<br />
border-bottom: inherit;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.documentation-header .links,<br />
.documentation-footer .links {<br />
float: right;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.documentation-header .title {<br />
margin-right: 1em;<br />
font-size: 130%;<br />
font-weight: bold;<br />
line-height: 1;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.documentation .documentation-footer {<br />
margin: 0.7em -1em -0.7em;<br />
border-top: inherit;<br />
clear: both;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.documentation {<br />
margin-top: 1em;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.documentation,<br />
.documentation-header,<br />
.documentation-footer {<br />
background-color: var(--custom-documentation);<br />
padding: 0.8em 1em 0.7em;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.documentation.documentation-nodoc {<br />
background-color: var(--custom-documentation-nodoc);<br />
}<br />
<br />
.documentation.documentation-baddoc {<br />
background-color: var(--custom-documentation-baddoc);<br />
}<br />
<br />
/* [[Template:Infobox]], [[模块:Infobox]] */<br />
.notaninfobox {<br />
position: relative;<br />
float: right;<br />
clear: right;<br />
width: 300px;<br />
margin: 0 0 0.6em 0.6em;<br />
font-size: 90%;<br />
border: 1px solid #CCC;<br />
background-color: #FFF;<br />
padding: 2px;<br />
overflow-x: auto;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.notaninfobox > div:not(:first-child) {<br />
padding-top: 2px;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.infobox-title {<br />
background-color: #d8ecff;<br />
font-weight: bold;<br />
font-size: 1.25em;<br />
text-align: center;<br />
padding: 0.25em 0;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.infobox-imagearea {<br />
text-align: center;<br />
padding: 0 4px;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.infobox-imagearea > div:not(:first-child) {<br />
margin-top: 0.8em;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.infobox-subheader {<br />
text-align: center;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.infobox-rows {<br />
display: grid;<br />
grid-template-columns: max-content 1fr;<br />
gap: 2px;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.infobox-row {<br />
display: contents;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.infobox-cell-header,<br />
.infobox-cell-data {<br />
padding: 2px;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.infobox-cell-data .subinfobox {<br />
margin: -2px;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.infobox-footer {<br />
font-size: 90%;<br />
margin-top: 0.2rem;<br />
}<br />
<br />
@media screen and (max-width: 720px) {<br />
.notaninfobox {<br />
position: static;<br />
float: none;<br />
clear: none;<br />
margin: 0.6em 0;<br />
width: calc(100% - 6px);<br />
}<br />
}<br />
<br />
.infobox-row:nth-child(2n) > .infobox-cell-data {<br />
background-color: #EEE;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.infobox-row:nth-child(2n+1) > .infobox-cell-data {<br />
background-color: #FFF;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.infobox-row > .infobox-cell-header {<br />
background-color: #DDF;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.subinfobox {<br />
background-color: #FFF;<br />
}<br />
<br />
/* [[Template:Shortcut]] */<br />
.shortcut-box {<br />
background-color: var(--custom-table-background);<br />
border: 1px solid var(--theme-border-color);<br />
max-width: 400px;<br />
min-width: 70px;<br />
padding: 0.3em 0.5em;<br />
}<br />
<br />
/* Horizontal list */<br />
#bodyContent .hlist ul {<br />
display: inline;<br />
margin: 0;<br />
padding: 0;<br />
}<br />
<br />
#bodyContent .hlist li {<br />
display: inline;<br />
}<br />
<br />
#bodyContent .hlist li:not(:last-child) {<br />
padding-right: 0.286em;<br />
}<br />
<br />
#bodyContent .hlist li:not(:last-child)::after {<br />
content: "";<br />
display: inline-block;<br />
position: relative;<br />
left: 0.286em;<br />
bottom: 0.214em;<br />
background-color: #000;<br />
height: 3px;<br />
width: 3px;<br />
}<br />
<br />
#bodyContent .hlist li > ul li:first-child::before {<br />
content: "(";<br />
}<br />
<br />
#bodyContent .hlist li > ul li:last-child::after {<br />
content: ")";<br />
}<br />
<br />
#bodyContent .hlist li li li {<br />
font-size: x-small;<br />
}<br />
<br />
/* [[Template:Sprite]] */<br />
.sprite {<br />
display: inline-block;<br />
vertical-align: text-top;<br />
height: 16px;<br />
width: 16px;<br />
background-repeat: no-repeat;<br />
}<br />
.sprite + .sprite-text {<br />
padding-left: 0.312em;<br />
}<br />
<br />
/* [[Template:CommentSprite]]: [[File:CommentCSS.png]] */<br />
.comment-sprite {<br />
background-image: url(/w/images/9/9c/CommentCSS.png);<br />
}<br />
<br />
<br />
/* To make images responsive */<br />
.res-img img {<br />
max-width:100%;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.stretch-img img {<br />
width:100%;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.pixel-img img {<br />
image-rendering: crisp-edges;<br />
}<br />
<br />
/* Generic nowrap class */<br />
.nowrap {<br />
white-space: nowrap;<br />
}<br />
<br />
/* Hide noscript only elements */<br />
.noscript {<br />
display: none;<br />
}<br />
<br />
/* Hide things on mobile (the extension is meant to do this automatically, but it doesn't work) */<br />
.skin-minerva .nomobile {<br />
display: none;<br />
}<br />
<br />
/* [[Template:Archive box]] */<br />
.archive-box {<br />
background-color: var(--custom-table-background);<br />
text-align: left;<br />
border: 1px solid var(--theme-border-color);<br />
margin-top: 3px;<br />
max-width: 16em;<br />
min-width: 8em;<br />
font-size: 90%;<br />
padding: 2px;<br />
}<br />
<br />
/* [[Template:Table Choice]] */<br />
.tc-always {<br />
background-color: var(--custom-table-choice-always-background);<br />
color: var(--custom-table-choice-always);<br />
}<br />
<br />
.tc-yes {<br />
background-color: var(--custom-table-choice-yes-background);<br />
color: var(--custom-table-choice-yes);<br />
}<br />
<br />
.tc-no {<br />
background-color: var(--custom-table-choice-no-background);<br />
color: var(--custom-table-choice-no);<br />
}<br />
<br />
.tc-never {<br />
background-color: var(--custom-table-choice-never-background);<br />
color: var(--custom-table-choice-never);<br />
}<br />
<br />
.tc-rarely {<br />
background-color: var(--custom-table-choice-rarely-background);<br />
color: var(--custom-table-choice-rarely);<br />
}<br />
<br />
.tc-neutral {<br />
background-color: var(--custom-table-choice-neutral-background);<br />
color: var(--custom-table-choice-neutral);<br />
}<br />
<br />
.tc-partial {<br />
background-color: var(--custom-table-choice-partial-background);<br />
color: var(--custom-table-choice-partial);<br />
}<br />
<br />
.tc-planned {<br />
background-color: var(--custom-table-choice-planned-background);<br />
color: var(--custom-table-choice-planned);<br />
}<br />
<br />
.tc-unknown {<br />
background-color: var(--custom-table-choice-unknown-background);<br />
color: var(--custom-table-choice-unknown);<br />
}<br />
<br />
.tc-in-off {<br />
background-color: var(--custom-table-choice-in-off-background);<br />
color: var(--custom-table-choice-default);<br />
}<br />
<br />
.tc-in-on {<br />
background-color: var(--custom-table-choice-in-on-background);<br />
color: var(--custom-table-choice-default);<br />
}<br />
<br />
.tc-out-off {<br />
background-color: var(--custom-table-choice-out-off-background);<br />
color: var(--custom-table-choice-default);<br />
}<br />
<br />
.tc-out-on {<br />
background-color: var(--custom-table-choice-out-on-background);<br />
color: var(--custom-table-choice-default);<br />
}<br />
<br />
.tc-na {<br />
background-color: var(--custom-table-choice-default);<br />
color: var(--custom-table-choice-na);<br />
<br />
/* [[Template:Quote]] */<br />
.quote {<br />
display: grid;<br />
gap: 0 4px;<br />
align-items: center;<br />
max-width: max-content;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.quote-mark {<br />
font: bold 3.3em Times, serif;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.quote-mark-start {<br />
align-self: start;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.quote-mark-end {<br />
line-height: 0.5;<br />
align-self: end;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.quote-attribution {<br />
grid-column: -3 / span 1;<br />
text-align: right;<br />
font-size: smaller;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.quote-content, .quote-content:lang(zh-Hans), .quote-content:lang(zh-Hans-CN) {<br />
font-size: 107.143%; <br />
font-family: Garamond, Optima, "Times New Roman", "Liberation Serif", "Kaiti SC", "AR PL UKai CN", "Adobe Kaiti Std", "AR PL UKai TW", KaiTi, STKaiti, BiauKai, DFKai-SB, sans-serif;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.quote-content:lang(zh-Hant), .quote-content:lang(zh-Hant-TW) {<br />
font-family: Garamond, Optima, "Times New Roman", "Liberation Serif", "Kaiti TC", "AR PL UKai TW", "Adobe Kaiti Std", "AR PL UKai CN", BiauKai, DFKai-SB, KaiTi, STKaiti, sans-serif;<br />
}<br />
<br />
/** Misc stuff **/<br />
/* The white header used throughout the wiki */<br />
.wiki-header {<br />
background: #EEE;<br />
border: 1px solid #CCC;<br />
border-bottom: 4px groove #BBB;<br />
border-right: 4px groove #BBB;<br />
padding: 5px;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.mainpage-header {<br />
display: flex;<br />
justify-content: center;<br />
align-items: center;<br />
flex-wrap: wrap;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.wordmark-container {<br />
display: flex;<br />
flex-direction: column;<br />
justify-content: center;<br />
}<br />
<br />
@media screen and (max-width: 850px), <br />
@media screen and (max-width: 1099px) and (min-width: 851px){<br />
.wordmark-description-container {<br />
display: flex;<br />
flex-direction: column;<br />
justify-content: center;<br />
align-items: center;<br />
}<br />
}<br />
<br />
.wordmark-description {<br />
font-size: 1.2em;<br />
}<br />
<br />
/* Collapsible elements ([[MediaWiki:Gadget-site.js]]) */<br />
.collapsible.collapsed > tr:not(:first-child),<br />
.collapsible.collapsed > tbody > tr:not(:first-child),<br />
.collapsible.collapsed > thead + tbody > tr:first-child,<br />
.collapsible.collapsed > tbody + tbody > tr:first-child,<br />
.collapsible.collapsed > tfoot > tr,<br />
.collapsible.collapsed > .collapsible-content {<br />
display: none;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.collapsetoggle {<br />
display: inline-block;<br />
font-weight: normal;<br />
font-style: normal;<br />
float: right;<br />
text-align: right;<br />
margin-left: 0.8em;<br />
}<br />
.collapsetoggle-left > tr > * > .collapsetoggle,<br />
.collapsetoggle-left > * > tr > * > .collapsetoggle,<br />
.collapsetoggle-left > * > .collapsetoggle,<br />
.collapsetoggle-left > .collapsetoggle {<br />
float: left;<br />
text-align: left;<br />
margin-right: 0.8em;<br />
margin-left: 0;<br />
}<br />
.collapse-button-none > * > tr > * > .collapsetoggle,<br />
.collapsetoggle-inline > tr > * > .collapsetoggle,<br />
.collapsetoggle-inline > * > tr > * > .collapsetoggle,<br />
.collapsetoggle-inline > * > .collapsetoggle,<br />
.collapsetoggle-inline > .collapsetoggle {<br />
float: none;<br />
text-align:left;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.collapsetoggle-custom {<br />
visibility: hidden;<br />
}<br />
<br />
/* [[Template:Keys]], [[Module:Keys]] */<br />
.keyboard-key {<br />
background-color: #f8f9fa;<br />
color: #222;<br />
font-size: 80%;<br />
font-family: inherit;<br />
font-weight: bold;<br />
border: 1px solid #c8ccd1;<br />
border-radius: 2px;<br />
box-shadow: 0 1px 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2), 0 0 0 2px #fff inset;<br />
padding: 0.1em 0.4em;<br />
text-shadow: 0 1px 0 #fff;<br />
text-align: center;<br />
}<br />
/* tooltip */<br />
abbr[title],.explain[title] {<br />
border: 1px solid #cccccc;<br />
border-radius: 2px;<br />
text-decoration: none<br />
}<br />
<br />
/* Comments */<br />
.comments-body > p:nth-child(2) {<br />
display: none;<br />
}<br />
<br />
select[name="TheOrder"] {<br />
background-color: #f8f9fa;<br />
min-height: 2.28571429em;<br />
border: 1px solid #a2a9b1;<br />
border-radius: 2px;<br />
padding: 6px 12px;<br />
line-height: 1;<br />
}<br />
#spy > p > a,<br />
.c-form-button > input {<br />
background-color: #f8f9fa;<br />
color: #202122;<br />
display: inline-block;<br />
box-sizing: border-box;<br />
min-height: 2.28571429em;<br />
padding: 6px 12px;<br />
border: 1px solid #a2a9b1;<br />
border-radius: 2px;<br />
cursor: pointer;<br />
font-weight: bold;<br />
margin: auto 0;<br />
font-size: 0.95em !important;<br />
}<br />
<br />
#spy > p {<br />
margin: 0;<br />
}<br />
.c-spy {<br />
font-size: 0.95em !important;<br />
}<br />
<br />
/* Heimu */<br />
span.heimu a.external,<br />
span.heimu a.external:visited,<br />
span.heimu a.extiw,<br />
span.heimu a.extiw:visited {<br />
color: #252525;<br />
}<br />
.heimu,<br />
.heimu a,<br />
a .heimu,<br />
.heimu a.new {<br />
background-color: #252525;<br />
color: #252525;<br />
text-shadow: none;<br />
}<br />
body:not(.heimu_toggle_on) .heimu:hover,<br />
body:not(.heimu_toggle_on) .heimu:active,<br />
body:not(.heimu_toggle_on) .heimu.off {<br />
transition: color .13s linear;<br />
color: white;<br />
}<br />
body:not(.heimu_toggle_on) .heimu:hover a,<br />
body:not(.heimu_toggle_on) a:hover .heimu,<br />
body:not(.heimu_toggle_on) .heimu.off a,<br />
body:not(.heimu_toggle_on) a:hover .heimu.off {<br />
transition: color .13s linear;<br />
color: lightblue;<br />
}<br />
body:not(.heimu_toggle_on) .heimu.off .new,<br />
body:not(.heimu_toggle_on) .heimu.off .new:hover,<br />
body:not(.heimu_toggle_on) .new:hover .heimu.off,<br />
body:not(.heimu_toggle_on) .heimu.off .new,<br />
body:not(.heimu_toggle_on) .heimu.off .new:hover,<br />
body:not(.heimu_toggle_on) .new:hover .heimu.off {<br />
transition: color .13s linear;<br />
color: #BA0000;<br />
}<br />
<br />
/* CJK */<br />
span[lang] {<br />
font-family: initial;<br />
font-feature-settings: "locl" on;<br />
-webkit-font-feature-settings: "locl" on;<br />
}<br />
[style*="font:" i] span[lang],<br />
[style*="font-family:" i] span[lang] {<br />
font-family: inherit;<br />
}<br />
<br />
/* Japanese Italic */<br />
@font-face {<br />
font-family: JapaneseItalic;<br />
src: local(meiryo);<br />
}<br />
i span[lang=ja i],<br />
span[lang=ja i] i,<br />
[style*=italic i] span[lang=ja i],<br />
span[lang=ja i] [style*=italic i] {<br />
font-family: JapaneseItalic, sans-serif;<br />
}<br />
[style*="font:" i] i span[lang=ja i],<br />
[style*="font-family:" i] i span[lang=ja i],<br />
[style*="font:" i] span[lang=ja i] i,<br />
[style*="font-family:" i] span[lang=ja i] i,<br />
[style*="font:" i] [style*=italic i] span[lang=ja i],<br />
[style*="font-family:" i] [style*=italic i] span[lang=ja i],<br />
[style*="font:" i] span[lang=ja i] [style*=italic i],<br />
[style*="font-family:" i] span[lang=ja i] [style*=italic i] {<br />
font-family: inherit;<br />
}</div>
SkyEye FAST
https://mh.wdf.ink/w/index.php?title=MediaWiki:Gadget-site-styles.css&diff=3221
MediaWiki:Gadget-site-styles.css
2023-09-30T15:40:09Z
<p>SkyEye FAST://Edit via InPageEdit</p>
<hr />
<div>/*<br />
* 这里放置的样式将同时应用到桌面版和移动版视图<br />
* 仅用于桌面版的样式请放置于[[MediaWiki:Common.css]]和其他皮肤对应样式表内<br />
* 仅用于移动版的样式请放置于[[MediaWiki:Mobile.css]]<br />
*/<br />
<br />
/* content mostly taken from [[adodoz:MediaWiki:Gadget-site-styles.css]], also from [[mcw:zh:MediaWiki:Gadget-site-styles.css]] & [[moe:zh:MediaWiki:Gadget-site-styles.css]] */<br />
<br />
/* 复制粘贴到别的地方的时候记得写原出处,而不要写这里。 */<br />
:root {<br />
--custom-background-blue: #ccf;<br />
--custom-background-cyan: #cef;<br />
--custom-background-green: #cfc;<br />
--custom-background-gray: #d2d2d2;<br />
--custom-background-grey: var(--custom-background-gray);<br />
--custom-background-magenta: #fdf;<br />
--custom-background-orange: #fdb;<br />
--custom-background-purple: #ecf;<br />
--custom-background-red: #fcc;<br />
--custom-background-yellow: #ffc;<br />
--custom-border-blue: #36e;<br />
--custom-border-cyan: #9df;<br />
--custom-border-green: #5d5;<br />
--custom-border-gray: #bbb;<br />
--custom-border-grey: var(--custom-border-gray);<br />
--custom-border-magenta: #f9f;<br />
--custom-border-orange: #f90;<br />
--custom-border-purple: #96c;<br />
--custom-border-red: #e44;<br />
--custom-border-yellow: #fc3;<br />
--custom-closed-topic-neutral: #eef;<br />
--custom-closed-topic-no: #fee;<br />
--custom-closed-topic-yes: #efe;<br />
--custom-documentation: #eaf4f9;<br />
--custom-documentation-baddoc: #f9f2ea;<br />
--custom-documentation-nodoc: #f9eaea;<br />
--custom-load-page-button-color: #fff8;<br />
--custom-main-page-background: #fcfcfc;<br />
--custom-main-page-border: var(--custom-border-gray);<br />
--custom-main-page-edition-subheader: #333;<br />
--custom-mcwiki-header-color: #bcd4f5;<br />
--custom-navbox-background: #fff;<br />
--custom-navbox-top: #ccc;<br />
--custom-navbox-middle: #ddd;<br />
--custom-navbox-thru: #eee;<br />
--custom-nbt-inherit-color: #e6e6fa;<br />
--custom-table-background: #f8f9fa;<br />
--custom-table-alternate-background: #f0f1f2;<br />
--custom-table-choice-always: #004100;<br />
--custom-table-choice-always-background: #5dcc5d;<br />
--custom-table-choice-default: #fff;<br />
--custom-table-choice-in-off-background: #060;<br />
--custom-table-choice-in-on-background: #0c0;<br />
--custom-table-choice-na: #000;<br />
--custom-table-choice-neutral: #9c6500;<br />
--custom-table-choice-neutral-background: #ffeb9c;<br />
--custom-table-choice-never: #700005;<br />
--custom-table-choice-never-background: #ff5757;<br />
--custom-table-choice-no: #9c0006;<br />
--custom-table-choice-no-background: #ffc7ce;<br />
--custom-table-choice-out-off-background: #900;<br />
--custom-table-choice-out-on-background: #f00;<br />
--custom-table-choice-partial: #8a7600;<br />
--custom-table-choice-partial-background: #ffd;<br />
--custom-table-choice-planned: #0131b7;<br />
--custom-table-choice-planned-background: #dfdfff;<br />
--custom-table-choice-rarely: #835400;<br />
--custom-table-choice-rarely-background: #fdce5e;<br />
--custom-table-choice-unknown: #222;<br />
--custom-table-choice-unknown-background: #ccc;<br />
--custom-table-choice-yes: #006100;<br />
--custom-table-choice-yes-background: #c6efce;<br />
--custom-table-header-background: #eaecf0;<br />
--custom-topic-30-days: #bbb;<br />
--custom-topic-7-days: #ddd;<br />
}<br />
<br />
/* Element animator */<br />
#siteNotice .animated > *:not(.animated-active),<br />
#localNotice .animated > *:not(.animated-active),<br />
#bodyContent .animated > *:not(.animated-active),<br />
#bodyContent .animated > .animated-subframe > *:not(.animated-active) {<br />
display: none;<br />
}<br />
#bodyContent span.animated,<br />
#bodyContent span.animated.animated-visible > *,<br />
#bodyContent span.animated.animated-visible > .animated-subframe > * {<br />
display: inline-block;<br />
}<br />
#bodyContent div.animated.animated-visible > *,<br />
#bodyContent div.animated.animated-visible > .animated-subframe > * {<br />
display: block;<br />
}<br />
<br />
/* MD Icons */<br />
@font-face {<br />
font-family: 'Material Icons';<br />
font-style: normal;<br />
font-weight: 400;<br />
src: local('Material Icons'),<br />
local('MaterialIcons-Regular'),<br />
url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/materialicons/v70/flUhRq6tzZclQEJ-Vdg-IuiaDsNc.woff2) format('woff2'),<br />
url(//cdn.bootcss.com/material-design-icons/3.0.2/iconfont/MaterialIcons-Regular.woff2) format('woff2'),<br />
url(//cdn.bootcss.com/material-design-icons/3.0.2/iconfont/MaterialIcons-Regular.woff) format('woff'),<br />
url(//cdn.bootcss.com/material-design-icons/3.0.2/iconfont/MaterialIcons-Regular.ttf) format('truetype');<br />
<br />
}<br />
<br />
.material-icons {<br />
font-family: 'Material Icons';<br />
font-weight: normal;<br />
font-style: normal;<br />
font-size: 24px;<br />
/* Preferred icon size */<br />
display: inline-block;<br />
line-height: 1;<br />
text-transform: none;<br />
letter-spacing: normal;<br />
word-wrap: normal;<br />
white-space: nowrap;<br />
direction: ltr;<br />
<br />
/* Support for all WebKit browsers. */<br />
-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;<br />
/* Support for Safari and Chrome. */<br />
text-rendering: optimizeLegibility;<br />
<br />
/* Support for Firefox. */<br />
-moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale;<br />
<br />
/* Support for IE. */<br />
font-feature-settings: 'liga';<br />
<br />
vertical-align: bottom;<br />
}<br />
<br />
/* table fix on mobile */<br />
.content table.ambox {<br />
margin-left: 0;<br />
margin-right: 0;<br />
}<br />
<br />
<br />
/** Template stylings **/<br />
/* [[Template:Message box]] */<br />
.msgbox {<br />
display: grid;<br />
grid-template-columns: 1fr;<br />
gap: 0.6em;<br />
align-items: center;<br />
max-width: 80%;<br />
margin: 0.5em auto;<br />
padding: 0.3em 0.6em;<br />
border-left: 8px solid var(--custom-border-blue);<br />
background-color: var(--custom-table-background);<br />
}<br />
<br />
.msgbox.has-image {<br />
grid-template-columns: max-content 1fr;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.msgbox.msgbox-mini {<br />
gap: 0.3em;<br />
margin-left: 0;<br />
margin-right: 0;<br />
padding: 0 0.3em;<br />
max-width: max-content;<br />
}<br />
<br />
@media screen and (max-width: 720px) {<br />
.msgbox {<br />
max-width: 100%;<br />
}<br />
}<br />
<br />
.msgbox + .msgbox {<br />
margin-top: -0.5em;<br />
border-top: 1px solid var(--theme-border-color);<br />
}<br />
<br />
.msgbox.msgbox-default,<br />
.msgbox.msgbox-notice {<br />
background-color: var(--custom-table-background);<br />
border-left-color: var(--custom-border-blue);<br />
}<br />
<br />
.msgbox.msgbox-red,<br />
.msgbox.msgbox-warning {<br />
background-color: var(--custom-background-red);<br />
border-left-color: var(--custom-border-red);<br />
}<br />
<br />
.msgbox.msgbox-orange,<br />
.msgbox.msgbox-content {<br />
background-color: var(--custom-background-orange);<br />
border-left-color: var(--custom-border-orange);<br />
}<br />
<br />
.msgbox.msgbox-yellow,<br />
.msgbox.msgbox-style {<br />
background-color: var(--custom-background-yellow);<br />
border-left-color: var(--custom-border-yellow);<br />
}<br />
<br />
.msgbox.msgbox-green,<br />
.msgbox.msgbox-status {<br />
background-color: var(--custom-background-green);<br />
border-left-color: var(--custom-border-green);<br />
}<br />
<br />
.msgbox.msgbox-cyan,<br />
.msgbox.msgbox-version {<br />
background-color: var(--custom-background-cyan);<br />
border-left-color: var(--custom-border-cyan);<br />
}<br />
<br />
.msgbox.msgbox-magenta {<br />
background-color: var(--custom-background-magenta);<br />
border-left-color: var(--custom-border-magenta);<br />
}<br />
<br />
.msgbox.msgbox-purple,<br />
.msgbox.msgbox-move {<br />
background-color: var(--custom-background-purple);<br />
border-left-color: var(--custom-border-purple);<br />
}<br />
<br />
.msgbox.msgbox-grey,<br />
.msgbox.msgbox-protection {<br />
background-color: var(--custom-background-grey);<br />
border-left-color: var(--theme-border-color);<br />
}<br />
<br />
.msgbox-body.align-left {<br />
text-align: left;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.msgbox-body.align-center {<br />
text-align: center;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.msgbox-body.align-right {<br />
text-align: right;<br />
}<br />
<br />
#mw-content-text .msgbox-text p {<br />
margin: 0;<br />
}<br />
<br />
<br />
/* [[Template:Documentation]] */<br />
.documentation,<br />
.documentation-docpage.documentation-header {<br />
border: 1px solid var(--theme-border-color);<br />
}<br />
<br />
.documentation-docpage.documentation-header {<br />
margin-bottom: 0.8em;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.documentation .documentation-header {<br />
margin: -0.8em -1em 0.8em;<br />
border-bottom: inherit;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.documentation-header .links,<br />
.documentation-footer .links {<br />
float: right;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.documentation-header .title {<br />
margin-right: 1em;<br />
font-size: 130%;<br />
font-weight: bold;<br />
line-height: 1;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.documentation .documentation-footer {<br />
margin: 0.7em -1em -0.7em;<br />
border-top: inherit;<br />
clear: both;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.documentation {<br />
margin-top: 1em;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.documentation,<br />
.documentation-header,<br />
.documentation-footer {<br />
background-color: var(--custom-documentation);<br />
padding: 0.8em 1em 0.7em;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.documentation.documentation-nodoc {<br />
background-color: var(--custom-documentation-nodoc);<br />
}<br />
<br />
.documentation.documentation-baddoc {<br />
background-color: var(--custom-documentation-baddoc);<br />
}<br />
<br />
/* [[Template:Infobox]], [[模块:Infobox]] */<br />
.notaninfobox {<br />
position: relative;<br />
float: right;<br />
clear: right;<br />
width: 300px;<br />
margin: 0 0 0.6em 0.6em;<br />
font-size: 90%;<br />
border: 1px solid #CCC;<br />
background-color: #FFF;<br />
padding: 2px;<br />
overflow-x: auto;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.notaninfobox > div:not(:first-child) {<br />
padding-top: 2px;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.infobox-title {<br />
background-color: #d8ecff;<br />
font-weight: bold;<br />
font-size: 1.25em;<br />
text-align: center;<br />
padding: 0.25em 0;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.infobox-imagearea {<br />
text-align: center;<br />
padding: 0 4px;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.infobox-imagearea > div:not(:first-child) {<br />
margin-top: 0.8em;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.infobox-subheader {<br />
text-align: center;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.infobox-rows {<br />
display: grid;<br />
grid-template-columns: max-content 1fr;<br />
gap: 2px;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.infobox-row {<br />
display: contents;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.infobox-cell-header,<br />
.infobox-cell-data {<br />
padding: 2px;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.infobox-cell-data .subinfobox {<br />
margin: -2px;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.infobox-footer {<br />
font-size: 90%;<br />
margin-top: 0.2rem;<br />
}<br />
<br />
@media screen and (max-width: 720px) {<br />
.notaninfobox {<br />
position: static;<br />
float: none;<br />
clear: none;<br />
margin: 0.6em 0;<br />
width: calc(100% - 6px);<br />
}<br />
}<br />
<br />
.infobox-row:nth-child(2n) > .infobox-cell-data {<br />
background-color: #EEE;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.infobox-row:nth-child(2n+1) > .infobox-cell-data {<br />
background-color: #FFF;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.infobox-row > .infobox-cell-header {<br />
background-color: #DDF;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.subinfobox {<br />
background-color: #FFF;<br />
}<br />
<br />
/* [[Template:Shortcut]] */<br />
.shortcut-box {<br />
background-color: var(--custom-table-background);<br />
border: 1px solid var(--theme-border-color);<br />
max-width: 400px;<br />
min-width: 70px;<br />
padding: 0.3em 0.5em;<br />
}<br />
<br />
/* Horizontal list */<br />
#bodyContent .hlist ul {<br />
display: inline;<br />
margin: 0;<br />
padding: 0;<br />
}<br />
<br />
#bodyContent .hlist li {<br />
display: inline;<br />
}<br />
<br />
#bodyContent .hlist li:not(:last-child) {<br />
padding-right: 0.286em;<br />
}<br />
<br />
#bodyContent .hlist li:not(:last-child)::after {<br />
content: "";<br />
display: inline-block;<br />
position: relative;<br />
left: 0.286em;<br />
bottom: 0.214em;<br />
background-color: #000;<br />
height: 3px;<br />
width: 3px;<br />
}<br />
<br />
#bodyContent .hlist li > ul li:first-child::before {<br />
content: "(";<br />
}<br />
<br />
#bodyContent .hlist li > ul li:last-child::after {<br />
content: ")";<br />
}<br />
<br />
#bodyContent .hlist li li li {<br />
font-size: x-small;<br />
}<br />
<br />
/* [[Template:Sprite]] */<br />
.sprite {<br />
display: inline-block;<br />
vertical-align: text-top;<br />
height: 16px;<br />
width: 16px;<br />
background-repeat: no-repeat;<br />
}<br />
.sprite + .sprite-text {<br />
padding-left: 0.312em;<br />
}<br />
<br />
/* [[Template:CommentSprite]]: [[File:CommentCSS.png]] */<br />
.comment-sprite {<br />
background-image: url(/w/images/9/9c/CommentCSS.png);<br />
}<br />
<br />
<br />
/* To make images responsive */<br />
.res-img img {<br />
max-width:100%;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.stretch-img img {<br />
width:100%;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.pixel-img img {<br />
image-rendering: crisp-edges;<br />
}<br />
<br />
/* Generic nowrap class */<br />
.nowrap {<br />
white-space: nowrap;<br />
}<br />
<br />
/* Hide noscript only elements */<br />
.noscript {<br />
display: none;<br />
}<br />
<br />
/* Hide things on mobile (the extension is meant to do this automatically, but it doesn't work) */<br />
.skin-minerva .nomobile {<br />
display: none;<br />
}<br />
<br />
/* [[Template:Archive box]] */<br />
.archive-box {<br />
background-color: var(--custom-table-background);<br />
text-align: left;<br />
border: 1px solid var(--theme-border-color);<br />
margin-top: 3px;<br />
max-width: 16em;<br />
min-width: 8em;<br />
font-size: 90%;<br />
padding: 2px;<br />
}<br />
<br />
/* [[Template:Table Choice]] */<br />
.tc-always {<br />
background-color: var(--custom-table-choice-always-background);<br />
color: var(--custom-table-choice-always);<br />
}<br />
<br />
.tc-yes {<br />
background-color: var(--custom-table-choice-yes-background);<br />
color: var(--custom-table-choice-yes);<br />
}<br />
<br />
.tc-no {<br />
background-color: var(--custom-table-choice-no-background);<br />
color: var(--custom-table-choice-no);<br />
}<br />
<br />
.tc-never {<br />
background-color: var(--custom-table-choice-never-background);<br />
color: var(--custom-table-choice-never);<br />
}<br />
<br />
.tc-rarely {<br />
background-color: var(--custom-table-choice-rarely-background);<br />
color: var(--custom-table-choice-rarely);<br />
}<br />
<br />
.tc-neutral {<br />
background-color: var(--custom-table-choice-neutral-background);<br />
color: var(--custom-table-choice-neutral);<br />
}<br />
<br />
.tc-partial {<br />
background-color: var(--custom-table-choice-partial-background);<br />
color: var(--custom-table-choice-partial);<br />
}<br />
<br />
.tc-planned {<br />
background-color: var(--custom-table-choice-planned-background);<br />
color: var(--custom-table-choice-planned);<br />
}<br />
<br />
.tc-unknown {<br />
background-color: var(--custom-table-choice-unknown-background);<br />
color: var(--custom-table-choice-unknown);<br />
}<br />
<br />
.tc-in-off {<br />
background-color: var(--custom-table-choice-in-off-background);<br />
color: var(--custom-table-choice-default);<br />
}<br />
<br />
.tc-in-on {<br />
background-color: var(--custom-table-choice-in-on-background);<br />
color: var(--custom-table-choice-default);<br />
}<br />
<br />
.tc-out-off {<br />
background-color: var(--custom-table-choice-out-off-background);<br />
color: var(--custom-table-choice-default);<br />
}<br />
<br />
.tc-out-on {<br />
background-color: var(--custom-table-choice-out-on-background);<br />
color: var(--custom-table-choice-default);<br />
}<br />
<br />
.tc-na {<br />
background-color: var(--custom-table-choice-default);<br />
color: var(--custom-table-choice-na);<br />
<br />
/* [[Template:Quote]] */<br />
.quote {<br />
display: grid;<br />
gap: 0 4px;<br />
align-items: center;<br />
max-width: max-content;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.quote-mark {<br />
font: bold 3.3em Times, serif;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.quote-mark-start {<br />
align-self: start;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.quote-mark-end {<br />
line-height: 0.5;<br />
align-self: end;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.quote-attribution {<br />
grid-column: -3 / span 1;<br />
text-align: right;<br />
font-size: smaller;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.quote-content, .quote-content:lang(zh-Hans), .quote-content:lang(zh-Hans-CN) {<br />
font-size: 107.143%; <br />
font-family: Garamond, Optima, "Times New Roman", "Liberation Serif", "Kaiti SC", "AR PL UKai CN", "Adobe Kaiti Std", "AR PL UKai TW", KaiTi, STKaiti, BiauKai, DFKai-SB, sans-serif;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.quote-content:lang(zh-Hant), .quote-content:lang(zh-Hant-TW) {<br />
font-family: Garamond, Optima, "Times New Roman", "Liberation Serif", "Kaiti TC", "AR PL UKai TW", "Adobe Kaiti Std", "AR PL UKai CN", BiauKai, DFKai-SB, KaiTi, STKaiti, sans-serif;<br />
}<br />
<br />
/** Misc stuff **/<br />
/* The white header used throughout the wiki */<br />
.wiki-header {<br />
background: #EEE;<br />
border: 1px solid #CCC;<br />
border-bottom: 4px groove #BBB;<br />
border-right: 4px groove #BBB;<br />
padding: 5px;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.mainpage-header {<br />
display: flex;<br />
justify-content: center;<br />
align-items: center;<br />
flex-wrap: wrap;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.wordmark-container {<br />
display: flex;<br />
flex-direction: column;<br />
justify-content: center;<br />
}<br />
<br />
@media screen and (max-width: 850px), <br />
@media screen and (max-width: 1099px) and (min-width: 851px){<br />
.wordmark-description-container {<br />
display: flex;<br />
flex-direction: column;<br />
justify-content: center;<br />
align-items: center;<br />
}<br />
}<br />
<br />
.wordmark-description {<br />
font-size: 1.2em;<br />
}<br />
<br />
/* Collapsible elements ([[MediaWiki:Gadget-site.js]]) */<br />
.collapsible.collapsed > tr:not(:first-child),<br />
.collapsible.collapsed > tbody > tr:not(:first-child),<br />
.collapsible.collapsed > thead + tbody > tr:first-child,<br />
.collapsible.collapsed > tbody + tbody > tr:first-child,<br />
.collapsible.collapsed > tfoot > tr,<br />
.collapsible.collapsed > .collapsible-content {<br />
display: none;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.collapsetoggle {<br />
display: inline-block;<br />
font-weight: normal;<br />
font-style: normal;<br />
float: right;<br />
text-align: right;<br />
margin-left: 0.8em;<br />
}<br />
.collapsetoggle-left > tr > * > .collapsetoggle,<br />
.collapsetoggle-left > * > tr > * > .collapsetoggle,<br />
.collapsetoggle-left > * > .collapsetoggle,<br />
.collapsetoggle-left > .collapsetoggle {<br />
float: left;<br />
text-align: left;<br />
margin-right: 0.8em;<br />
margin-left: 0;<br />
}<br />
.collapse-button-none > * > tr > * > .collapsetoggle,<br />
.collapsetoggle-inline > tr > * > .collapsetoggle,<br />
.collapsetoggle-inline > * > tr > * > .collapsetoggle,<br />
.collapsetoggle-inline > * > .collapsetoggle,<br />
.collapsetoggle-inline > .collapsetoggle {<br />
float: none;<br />
text-align:left;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.collapsetoggle-custom {<br />
visibility: hidden;<br />
}<br />
<br />
/* [[Template:Keys]], [[Module:Keys]] */<br />
.keyboard-key {<br />
background-color: #f8f9fa;<br />
color: #222;<br />
font-size: 80%;<br />
font-family: inherit;<br />
font-weight: bold;<br />
border: 1px solid #c8ccd1;<br />
border-radius: 2px;<br />
box-shadow: 0 1px 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2), 0 0 0 2px #fff inset;<br />
padding: 0.1em 0.4em;<br />
text-shadow: 0 1px 0 #fff;<br />
text-align: center;<br />
}<br />
/* tooltip */<br />
abbr[title],.explain[title] {<br />
border: 1px solid #cccccc;<br />
border-radius: 2px;<br />
text-decoration: none<br />
}<br />
<br />
/* Comments */<br />
.comments-body > p:nth-child(2) {<br />
display: none;<br />
}<br />
<br />
select[name="TheOrder"] {<br />
background-color: #f8f9fa;<br />
min-height: 2.28571429em;<br />
border: 1px solid #a2a9b1;<br />
border-radius: 2px;<br />
padding: 6px 12px;<br />
line-height: 1;<br />
}<br />
#spy > p > a,<br />
.c-form-button > input {<br />
background-color: #f8f9fa;<br />
color: #202122;<br />
display: inline-block;<br />
box-sizing: border-box;<br />
min-height: 2.28571429em;<br />
padding: 6px 12px;<br />
border: 1px solid #a2a9b1;<br />
border-radius: 2px;<br />
cursor: pointer;<br />
font-weight: bold;<br />
margin: auto 0;<br />
font-size: 0.95em !important;<br />
}<br />
<br />
#spy > p {<br />
margin: 0;<br />
}<br />
.c-spy {<br />
font-size: 0.95em !important;<br />
}<br />
<br />
/* Heimu */<br />
span.heimu a.external,<br />
span.heimu a.external:visited,<br />
span.heimu a.extiw,<br />
span.heimu a.extiw:visited {<br />
color: #252525;<br />
}<br />
.heimu,<br />
.heimu a,<br />
a .heimu,<br />
.heimu a.new {<br />
background-color: #252525;<br />
color: #252525;<br />
text-shadow: none;<br />
}<br />
body:not(.heimu_toggle_on) .heimu:hover,<br />
body:not(.heimu_toggle_on) .heimu:active,<br />
body:not(.heimu_toggle_on) .heimu.off {<br />
transition: color .13s linear;<br />
color: white;<br />
}<br />
body:not(.heimu_toggle_on) .heimu:hover a,<br />
body:not(.heimu_toggle_on) a:hover .heimu,<br />
body:not(.heimu_toggle_on) .heimu.off a,<br />
body:not(.heimu_toggle_on) a:hover .heimu.off {<br />
transition: color .13s linear;<br />
color: lightblue;<br />
}<br />
body:not(.heimu_toggle_on) .heimu.off .new,<br />
body:not(.heimu_toggle_on) .heimu.off .new:hover,<br />
body:not(.heimu_toggle_on) .new:hover .heimu.off,<br />
body:not(.heimu_toggle_on) .heimu.off .new,<br />
body:not(.heimu_toggle_on) .heimu.off .new:hover,<br />
body:not(.heimu_toggle_on) .new:hover .heimu.off {<br />
transition: color .13s linear;<br />
color: #BA0000;<br />
}<br />
<br />
/* CJK */<br />
span[lang] {<br />
font-family: initial;<br />
font-feature-settings: "locl" on;<br />
-webkit-font-feature-settings: "locl" on;<br />
}<br />
[style*="font:" i] span[lang],<br />
[style*="font-family:" i] span[lang] {<br />
font-family: inherit;<br />
}<br />
<br />
/* Japanese Italic */<br />
@font-face {<br />
font-family: JapaneseItalic;<br />
src: local(meiryo);<br />
}<br />
i span[lang=ja i],<br />
span[lang=ja i] i,<br />
[style*=italic i] span[lang=ja i],<br />
span[lang=ja i] [style*=italic i] {<br />
font-family: JapaneseItalic, sans-serif;<br />
}<br />
[style*="font:" i] i span[lang=ja i],<br />
[style*="font-family:" i] i span[lang=ja i],<br />
[style*="font:" i] span[lang=ja i] i,<br />
[style*="font-family:" i] span[lang=ja i] i,<br />
[style*="font:" i] [style*=italic i] span[lang=ja i],<br />
[style*="font-family:" i] [style*=italic i] span[lang=ja i],<br />
[style*="font:" i] span[lang=ja i] [style*=italic i],<br />
[style*="font-family:" i] span[lang=ja i] [style*=italic i] {<br />
font-family: inherit;<br />
}</div>
SkyEye FAST
https://mh.wdf.ink/w/index.php?title=%E6%A8%A1%E5%9D%97:Documentation&diff=3220
模块:Documentation
2023-09-30T15:38:45Z
<p>SkyEye FAST:回退到SkyEye FAST在2023-09-30 15:12:38时制作的修订版本3211,通过popups</p>
<hr />
<div>local p = {}<br />
local defaultDocPage = 'doc'<br />
<br />
local getType = function( namespace, page )<br />
local pageType = 'template'<br />
if namespace == '模块' then<br />
pageType = 'module'<br />
elseif namespace == 'Widget' then<br />
pageType = 'widget'<br />
elseif page.fullText:gsub( '/' .. defaultDocPage .. '$', '' ):find( '%.css$' ) then<br />
pageType = 'stylesheet'<br />
elseif page.fullText:gsub( '/' .. defaultDocPage .. '$', '' ):find( '%.js$' ) then<br />
pageType = 'script'<br />
elseif namespace == 'MediaWiki' then<br />
pageType = 'message'<br />
end<br />
<br />
return pageType<br />
end<br />
<br />
local getTypeDisplay = function( pageType )<br />
local pageTypeDisplay = '模板'<br />
if pageType == 'module' then<br />
pageTypeDisplay = '模块'<br />
elseif pageType == 'widget' then<br />
pageTypeDisplay = '小工具'<br />
elseif pageType == 'stylesheet' then<br />
pageTypeDisplay = '样式表'<br />
elseif pageType == 'script' then<br />
pageTypeDisplay = '脚本'<br />
elseif pageType == 'message' then<br />
pageTypeDisplay = '界面信息'<br />
end<br />
<br />
return pageTypeDisplay<br />
end<br />
<br />
-- Creating a documentation page or transclution through {{subst:doc}}<br />
function p.create( f )<br />
local args = require( 'Module:ProcessArgs' ).norm()<br />
local page = mw.title.getCurrentTitle()<br />
local docPage = args.page or page.nsText .. ':' .. page.baseText .. '/' .. defaultDocPage<br />
<br />
local out<br />
if not args.content and tostring( page ) == docPage then<br />
local pageType = mw.ustring.lower( args.type or getType( page.nsText, page ) )<br />
local pageTypeDisplay = getTypeDisplay( pageType )<br />
out = f:preprocess( '{{subst:模板:Documentation/preload}}' )<br />
out = out:gsub( '$1' , pageTypeDisplay )<br />
else<br />
local templateArgs = {}<br />
for _, key in ipairs{ 'type', 'page', 'content' } do<br />
local val = args[key]<br />
if val then<br />
if key == 'content' then val = '\n' .. val .. '\n' end<br />
table.insert( templateArgs, key .. '=' .. val )<br />
end<br />
end<br />
<br />
out = '{{documentation|' .. table.concat( templateArgs, '|' ) .. '}}'<br />
out = out:gsub( '|}}', '}}' )<br />
<br />
if not args.content then<br />
out = out .. '\n<!-- 请将分类/语言链接放在文档页面 -->'<br />
end<br />
out = '<noinclude>'..out..'</noinclude>'<br />
end<br />
<br />
if not mw.isSubsting() then<br />
out = f:preprocess( out )<br />
if not args.nocat then<br />
out = out .. '[[分类:需要替换模板的页面]]'<br />
end<br />
end<br />
<br />
return out<br />
end<br />
<br />
-- Header on the documentation page<br />
function p.docPage( f )<br />
local args = require( 'Module:ProcessArgs' ).merge( true )<br />
local badDoc = args.baddoc<br />
<br />
local page = mw.title.getCurrentTitle()<br />
local namespace = page.nsText<br />
local pageType = mw.ustring.lower( args.type or getType( namespace, page ) )<br />
local pageTypeDisplay = getTypeDisplay( pageType )<br />
<br />
local body = mw.html.create( 'div' )<br />
body<br />
:attr( 'class', 'documentation-header documentation-docpage' .. ( badDoc and ' documentation-baddoc' or '' ) )<br />
:tag( 'div' )<br />
:addClass( 'links' )<br />
:wikitext( '[[', page:fullUrl( 'action=purge' ), ' 清除缓存]]' )<br />
:done()<br />
:wikitext(<br />
'这是文档页面,它',<br />
pageType == 'module' and '将' or '应该',<br />
'被放置到[[', namespace, ':',page.baseText,<br />
']]。查看[[模板:Documentation]]以获取更多信息。'<br />
)<br />
if badDoc then<br />
body:wikitext( "<br>'''此", pageTypeDisplay, "的文档页面需要改进或添加附加的信息。'''" )<br />
end<br />
if not ( args.nocat or namespace == 'User' ) then<br />
body:wikitext( '[[分类:文档页面]]' )<br />
end<br />
<br />
return body<br />
end<br />
<br />
-- Wrapper around the documentation on the main page<br />
function p.page( f )<br />
-- mw.text.trim uses mw.ustring.gsub, which silently fails on large strings<br />
local function trim( s )<br />
return string.gsub( s, '^[\t\r\n\f ]*(.-)[\t\r\n\f ]*$', '%1' )<br />
end<br />
local args = require( 'Module:ProcessArgs' ).merge( true )<br />
local page = mw.title.getCurrentTitle()<br />
local namespace = page.nsText<br />
local docText = trim( args.content or '' )<br />
if docText == '' then docText = nil end<br />
<br />
local docPage<br />
local noDoc<br />
if docText then<br />
docPage = page<br />
else<br />
docPage = mw.title.new( args.page or namespace .. ':' .. page.text .. '/' .. defaultDocPage )<br />
noDoc = args.nodoc or not docPage.exists<br />
end<br />
local badDoc = args.baddoc<br />
local pageType = mw.ustring.lower( args.type or getType( namespace, page ) )<br />
local pageTypeDisplay = getTypeDisplay( pageType )<br />
<br />
if not docText and not noDoc then<br />
docText = trim( f:expandTemplate{ title = ':' .. docPage.fullText } )<br />
<br />
docText = string.gsub( docText, '<div class="documentation%-header.-</div>\n' , '' )<br />
<br />
if docText == '' then<br />
docText = nil<br />
noDoc = 1<br />
end<br />
end<br />
if docText then<br />
docText = '\n' .. docText .. '\n'<br />
end<br />
<br />
local action = '编辑'<br />
local preload = ''<br />
local classes = ''<br />
local message<br />
local category<br />
if noDoc then<br />
action = '创建'<br />
preload = '&preload=模板:Documentation/preload&preloadparams%5b%5d=' .. pageTypeDisplay<br />
classes = ' documentation-nodoc'<br />
message = "'''此" .. pageTypeDisplay .. "没有文档页面。" ..<br />
"如果你知道此" .. pageTypeDisplay .. "的使用方法,请帮助为其创建文档页面。'''"<br />
if not ( args.nocat or namespace == 'User' ) then<br />
category = '没有文档的' .. pageTypeDisplay<br />
if not mw.title.new( '分类:' .. category ).exists then<br />
category = '没有文档的页面'<br />
end<br />
end<br />
elseif badDoc then<br />
classes = ' documentation-baddoc'<br />
message = "'''此" .. pageTypeDisplay .. "的文档页面需要改进或添加附加信息。'''\n"<br />
if not ( args.nocat or namespace == 'User' ) then<br />
category = '文档质量较低的' .. pageTypeDisplay<br />
if not mw.title.new( '分类:' .. category ).exists then<br />
category = '文档质量较低的页面'<br />
end<br />
end<br />
end<br />
<br />
local links = {<br />
'[' .. docPage:fullUrl( 'action=edit' .. preload ) .. ' ' .. action .. ']',<br />
'[' .. docPage:fullUrl( 'action=history' ) .. ' 历史]',<br />
'[' .. page:fullUrl( 'action=purge' ) .. ' 清除缓存]'<br />
}<br />
if not noDoc and page ~= docPage then<br />
table.insert( links, 1, '[[' .. docPage.fullText .. '|查看]]' )<br />
end<br />
links = mw.html.create( 'span' )<br />
:addClass( 'links' )<br />
:wikitext( mw.text.nowiki( '[' ), table.concat( links, ' | ' ), mw.text.nowiki( ']' ) )<br />
<br />
local body = mw.html.create( 'div' )<br />
body:attr( 'class', 'documentation' .. classes )<br />
<br />
local header = mw.html.create( 'div' ):addClass( 'documentation-header' )<br />
<br />
header<br />
:node( links )<br />
:tag( 'span' )<br />
:addClass( 'title' )<br />
:wikitext( '文档页面' )<br />
<br />
if not noDoc and pageType ~= 'template' and pageType ~= 'message' then<br />
header<br />
:tag( 'span' )<br />
:css( 'white-space', 'nowrap' )<br />
:wikitext( '[[#the-code|跳转至代码 ↴]]' )<br />
end<br />
<br />
body<br />
:node( header ):done()<br />
:wikitext( message )<br />
:wikitext( docText )<br />
<br />
if not noDoc and page ~= docPage then<br />
body<br />
:tag( 'div' )<br />
:addClass( 'documentation-footer' )<br />
:node( links )<br />
:wikitext( '上述文档引用自[[', docPage.fullText, ']]。' )<br />
end<br />
<br />
if category then<br />
body:wikitext( '[[分类:', category, ']]' )<br />
end<br />
<br />
local anchor = ''<br />
if not noDoc and pageType ~= 'template' and pageType ~= 'message' then<br />
anchor = mw.html.create( 'div' ):attr( 'id', 'the-code' )<br />
end<br />
<br />
return tostring( body ) .. tostring( anchor )<br />
end<br />
<br />
return p</div>
SkyEye FAST
https://mh.wdf.ink/w/index.php?title=MediaWiki:Common.css&diff=3219
MediaWiki:Common.css
2023-09-30T15:36:27Z
<p>SkyEye FAST://Edit via InPageEdit</p>
<hr />
<div>/* <br />
* 这里放置的CSS将应用于所有皮肤,仅对桌面版视图生效<br />
* 仅用于移动版视图请放置于[[MediaWiki:Mobile.css]]内<br />
* 同时用于桌面版和移动版请放置于[[MediaWiki:Gadget-site-styles.css]]内<br />
*/<br />
:root {<br />
--custom-background-blue: #ccf;<br />
--custom-background-cyan: #cef;<br />
--custom-background-green: #cfc;<br />
--custom-background-gray: #d2d2d2;<br />
--custom-background-grey: var(--custom-background-gray);<br />
--custom-background-magenta: #fdf;<br />
--custom-background-orange: #fdb;<br />
--custom-background-purple: #ecf;<br />
--custom-background-red: #fcc;<br />
--custom-background-yellow: #ffc;<br />
--custom-border-blue: #36e;<br />
--custom-border-cyan: #9df;<br />
--custom-border-green: #5d5;<br />
--custom-border-gray: #bbb;<br />
--custom-border-grey: var(--custom-border-gray);<br />
--custom-border-magenta: #f9f;<br />
--custom-border-orange: #f90;<br />
--custom-border-purple: #96c;<br />
--custom-border-red: #e44;<br />
--custom-border-yellow: #fc3;<br />
--custom-closed-topic-neutral: #eef;<br />
--custom-closed-topic-no: #fee;<br />
--custom-closed-topic-yes: #efe;<br />
--custom-documentation: #eaf4f9;<br />
--custom-documentation-baddoc: #f9f2ea;<br />
--custom-documentation-nodoc: #f9eaea;<br />
--custom-load-page-button-color: #fff8;<br />
--custom-main-page-background: #fcfcfc;<br />
--custom-main-page-border: var(--custom-border-gray);<br />
--custom-main-page-edition-subheader: #333;<br />
--custom-mcwiki-header-color: #bcd4f5;<br />
--custom-navbox-background: #fff;<br />
--custom-navbox-top: #ccc;<br />
--custom-navbox-middle: #ddd;<br />
--custom-navbox-thru: #eee;<br />
--custom-nbt-inherit-color: #e6e6fa;<br />
--custom-table-background: #f8f9fa;<br />
--custom-table-alternate-background: #f0f1f2;<br />
--custom-table-choice-always: #004100;<br />
--custom-table-choice-always-background: #5dcc5d;<br />
--custom-table-choice-default: #fff;<br />
--custom-table-choice-in-off-background: #060;<br />
--custom-table-choice-in-on-background: #0c0;<br />
--custom-table-choice-na: #000;<br />
--custom-table-choice-neutral: #9c6500;<br />
--custom-table-choice-neutral-background: #ffeb9c;<br />
--custom-table-choice-never: #700005;<br />
--custom-table-choice-never-background: #ff5757;<br />
--custom-table-choice-no: #9c0006;<br />
--custom-table-choice-no-background: #ffc7ce;<br />
--custom-table-choice-out-off-background: #900;<br />
--custom-table-choice-out-on-background: #f00;<br />
--custom-table-choice-partial: #8a7600;<br />
--custom-table-choice-partial-background: #ffd;<br />
--custom-table-choice-planned: #0131b7;<br />
--custom-table-choice-planned-background: #dfdfff;<br />
--custom-table-choice-rarely: #835400;<br />
--custom-table-choice-rarely-background: #fdce5e;<br />
--custom-table-choice-unknown: #222;<br />
--custom-table-choice-unknown-background: #ccc;<br />
--custom-table-choice-yes: #006100;<br />
--custom-table-choice-yes-background: #c6efce;<br />
--custom-table-header-background: #eaecf0;<br />
--custom-topic-30-days: #bbb;<br />
--custom-topic-7-days: #ddd;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.mw-wiki-logo, .mw-wiki-logo.fallback {<br />
display: block;<br />
background-size: 100%;<br />
}<br />
<br />
#p-logo a {<br />
background-size: 100%;<br />
}<br />
<br />
#siteSub:lang(zh),<br />
#p-logo-text:lang(zh) a,<br />
.mw-body:lang(zh) h1,<br />
.mw-body:lang(zh) h2,<br />
.mw-body:lang(zh) h3,<br />
.mw-body:lang(zh) h4,<br />
.mw-body:lang(zh) h5,<br />
.mw-body:lang(zh) h6,<br />
.mw-body:lang(zh) dt,<br />
#siteSub:lang(zh-hans),<br />
#p-logo-text:lang(zh-hans) a,<br />
.mw-body:lang(zh-hans) h1,<br />
.mw-body:lang(zh-hans) h2,<br />
.mw-body:lang(zh-hans) h3,<br />
.mw-body:lang(zh-hans) h4,<br />
.mw-body:lang(zh-hans) h5,<br />
.mw-body:lang(zh-hans) h6,<br />
.mw-body:lang(zh-hans) dt {<br />
font-family: 'Linux Libertine', 'Times New Roman', 'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman', '思源宋体', 'Noto Serif CJK SC', 'Source Han Serif SC', 'Noto Serif SC', 'Noto Serif', 'Times', serif;<br />
}<br />
<br />
#siteSub:lang(zh-hant),<br />
#p-logo-text:lang(zh-hant) a,<br />
.mw-body:lang(zh-hant) h1,<br />
.mw-body:lang(zh-hant) h2,<br />
.mw-body:lang(zh-hant) h3,<br />
.mw-body:lang(zh-hant) h4,<br />
.mw-body:lang(zh-hant) h5,<br />
.mw-body:lang(zh-hant) h6,<br />
.mw-body:lang(zh-hant) dt {<br />
font-family: 'Linux Libertine', 'Times New Roman', 'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman', 'Noto Serif CJK TC', 'Source Han Serif TC', 'Noto Serif TC', 'Times', serif;<br />
}<br />
<br />
#siteSub:lang(ja),<br />
#p-logo-text:lang(ja) a,<br />
.mw-body:lang(ja) h1,<br />
.mw-body:lang(ja) h2,<br />
.mw-body:lang(ja) h3,<br />
.mw-body:lang(ja) h4,<br />
.mw-body:lang(ja) h5,<br />
.mw-body:lang(ja) h6,<br />
.mw-body:lang(ja) dt {<br />
font-family: 'Linux Libertine', 'Times New Roman', 'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman', 'Noto Serif CJK', 'Source Han Serif', 'Noto Serif JP', 'Times', serif;<br />
}<br />
<br />
/* Reset italic styling set by user agent */<br />
cite, dfn {<br />
font-style: inherit;<br />
}<br />
<br />
/* Straight quote marks for <q> */<br />
q {<br />
quotes: '"' '"' "'" "'";<br />
}<br />
<br />
/* Style the sitenotice, avoid content jumping */<br />
#siteNotice {<br />
margin-bottom: 2px;<br />
text-align: center;<br />
}<br />
<br />
/* prevent sitenotice show/hide toggle from moving page contents down after pageload */<br />
.globalNotice .globalNoticeDismiss {<br />
float: right;<br />
}<br />
<br />
#siteNotice #localNotice, #siteNotice .globalNotice {<br />
background-color: transparent; <br />
border: none;<br />
}<br />
<br />
#localNotice .globalNoticeDismiss {<br />
display: none;<br />
}<br />
<br />
/** Template stylings **/<br />
/* [[Template:SimpleNavbox]] */<br />
.navbox {<br />
background: #FFF;<br />
border: 1px solid #CCC;<br />
margin: 1em auto 0;<br />
width: 100%;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.navbox table {<br />
background: #FFF;<br />
margin-left: -4px;<br />
margin-right: -2px;<br />
}<br />
.navbox table:first-child {<br />
margin-top: -2px;<br />
}<br />
.navbox table:last-child {<br />
margin-bottom: -2px;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.navbox .navbox-top {<br />
white-space: nowrap;<br />
background-color: #CCC;<br />
padding: 0 3px;<br />
text-align: center;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.navbox .navbox-middle {<br />
white-space: nowrap;<br />
background-color: #DDD;<br />
padding: 0 3px;<br />
text-align: center;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.navbox .navbox-thru {<br />
white-space: nowrap;<br />
background-color: #EEE;<br />
padding: 0 3px;<br />
text-align: center;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.navbox-navbar,<br />
.navbox-navbar-mini {<br />
float: left;<br />
font-size: 80%;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.navbox-title {<br />
padding: 0 10px;<br />
font-size: 110%;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.navbox th {<br />
background-color: #EEE;<br />
padding: 0 10px;<br />
white-space: nowrap;<br />
text-align: right;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.navbox td {<br />
width: 100%;<br />
padding: 0 0 0 2px;<br />
}<br />
<br />
/* [[Template:LoadBox]] with navbox */<br />
.loadbox-navbox {<br />
padding: 2px !important;<br />
margin: 1em 0 0 !important;<br />
clear: both;<br />
}<br />
#content .loadbox-navbox > p {<br />
background-color: #CCC;<br />
text-align: center;<br />
margin: 0;<br />
padding: 0 3px;<br />
}<br />
.loadbox-navbox > p > b {<br />
font-size: 110%;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.loadbox-navbox .navbox {<br />
margin: 0 -2px -2px;<br />
border: 0;<br />
}<br />
.loadbox-navbox > .load-page-content > .mw-parser-output > .navbox > tbody > tr:first-child {<br />
display: none;<br />
}<br />
<br />
/* [[Template:Hatnote]] */<br />
.dablink {<br />
padding-left: 2em;<br />
}<br />
<br />
/* Turn a list into a tree view style (See [[.minecraft]]) */<br />
.treeview {<br />
margin-top: 0.3em;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.treeview .treeview-header {<br />
padding-left: 3px;<br />
font-weight: bold;<br />
}<br />
.treeview .treeview-header:last-child {<br />
border-color: #636363 !important;<br />
border-left-style: dotted;<br />
}<br />
.treeview .treeview-header:not(:last-child)::before {<br />
content: none;<br />
}<br />
.treeview .treeview-header:last-child::before {<br />
border-bottom: 0;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.treeview ul,<br />
.treeview li {<br />
margin: 0;<br />
padding: 0;<br />
list-style-type: none;<br />
list-style-image: none;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.treeview li li {<br />
position: relative;<br />
padding-left: 13px;<br />
margin-left: 7px;<br />
border-left: 1px solid #636363;<br />
}<br />
.treeview li li::before {<br />
content: "";<br />
position: absolute;<br />
top: 0;<br />
left: -1px;<br />
width: 11px;<br />
height: 11px;<br />
border-bottom: 1px solid #636363;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.treeview li li:last-child:not(.treeview-continue) {<br />
border-color: transparent;<br />
}<br />
.treeview li li:last-child:not(.treeview-continue)::before {<br />
border-left: 1px solid #636363;<br />
width: 10px;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.nbttree-inherited {<br />
background-color: #E6E6FA;<br />
}<br />
<br />
/* Navbar styling when nested in infobox and navbox */<br />
.infobox .navbar {<br />
font-size: 100%;<br />
}<br />
<br />
/* Fix for hieroglyphs specificity issue in infoboxes ([[phab:T43869]]) */<br />
table.mw-hiero-table td {<br />
vertical-align: middle;<br />
}<br />
<br />
#siteSub {<br />
display: block; font-weight: normal; font-size: normal;<br />
}<br />
<br />
body.page-Main_Page.action-view #siteSub,<br />
body.page-Main_Page.action-submit #siteSub {<br />
display: none;<br />
}<br />
<br />
/* Simulate link styling for JS only links */<br />
.jslink {<br />
color: #0645AD;<br />
-webkit-user-select: none;<br />
-moz-user-select: none;<br />
-ms-user-select: none;<br />
user-select: none;<br />
}<br />
.jslink:hover {<br />
text-decoration: underline;<br />
cursor: pointer;<br />
}<br />
.jslink:active {<br />
color: #FAA700;<br />
}<br />
<br />
<br />
/* Mark internal links as plain */<br />
#content a.external[href^="https://mh.wdf.ink/wiki/"], {<br />
background: none;<br />
padding-right: 0;<br />
}</div>
SkyEye FAST
https://mh.wdf.ink/w/index.php?title=MediaWiki:Gadget-site-styles.css&diff=3218
MediaWiki:Gadget-site-styles.css
2023-09-30T15:36:05Z
<p>SkyEye FAST://Edit via InPageEdit</p>
<hr />
<div>/*<br />
* 这里放置的样式将同时应用到桌面版和移动版视图<br />
* 仅用于桌面版的样式请放置于[[MediaWiki:Common.css]]和其他皮肤对应样式表内<br />
* 仅用于移动版的样式请放置于[[MediaWiki:Mobile.css]]<br />
*/<br />
<br />
/* content mostly taken from [[adodoz:MediaWiki:Gadget-site-styles.css]], also from [[mcw:zh:MediaWiki:Gadget-site-styles.css]] & [[moe:zh:MediaWiki:Gadget-site-styles.css]] */<br />
<br />
/* 复制粘贴到别的地方的时候记得写原出处,而不要写这里。 */<br />
<br />
<br />
/* Element animator */<br />
#siteNotice .animated > *:not(.animated-active),<br />
#localNotice .animated > *:not(.animated-active),<br />
#bodyContent .animated > *:not(.animated-active),<br />
#bodyContent .animated > .animated-subframe > *:not(.animated-active) {<br />
display: none;<br />
}<br />
#bodyContent span.animated,<br />
#bodyContent span.animated.animated-visible > *,<br />
#bodyContent span.animated.animated-visible > .animated-subframe > * {<br />
display: inline-block;<br />
}<br />
#bodyContent div.animated.animated-visible > *,<br />
#bodyContent div.animated.animated-visible > .animated-subframe > * {<br />
display: block;<br />
}<br />
<br />
/* MD Icons */<br />
@font-face {<br />
font-family: 'Material Icons';<br />
font-style: normal;<br />
font-weight: 400;<br />
src: local('Material Icons'),<br />
local('MaterialIcons-Regular'),<br />
url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/materialicons/v70/flUhRq6tzZclQEJ-Vdg-IuiaDsNc.woff2) format('woff2'),<br />
url(//cdn.bootcss.com/material-design-icons/3.0.2/iconfont/MaterialIcons-Regular.woff2) format('woff2'),<br />
url(//cdn.bootcss.com/material-design-icons/3.0.2/iconfont/MaterialIcons-Regular.woff) format('woff'),<br />
url(//cdn.bootcss.com/material-design-icons/3.0.2/iconfont/MaterialIcons-Regular.ttf) format('truetype');<br />
<br />
}<br />
<br />
.material-icons {<br />
font-family: 'Material Icons';<br />
font-weight: normal;<br />
font-style: normal;<br />
font-size: 24px;<br />
/* Preferred icon size */<br />
display: inline-block;<br />
line-height: 1;<br />
text-transform: none;<br />
letter-spacing: normal;<br />
word-wrap: normal;<br />
white-space: nowrap;<br />
direction: ltr;<br />
<br />
/* Support for all WebKit browsers. */<br />
-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;<br />
/* Support for Safari and Chrome. */<br />
text-rendering: optimizeLegibility;<br />
<br />
/* Support for Firefox. */<br />
-moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale;<br />
<br />
/* Support for IE. */<br />
font-feature-settings: 'liga';<br />
<br />
vertical-align: bottom;<br />
}<br />
<br />
/* table fix on mobile */<br />
.content table.ambox {<br />
margin-left: 0;<br />
margin-right: 0;<br />
}<br />
<br />
<br />
/** Template stylings **/<br />
/* [[Template:Message box]] */<br />
.msgbox {<br />
display: grid;<br />
grid-template-columns: 1fr;<br />
gap: 0.6em;<br />
align-items: center;<br />
max-width: 80%;<br />
margin: 0.5em auto;<br />
padding: 0.3em 0.6em;<br />
border-left: 8px solid var(--custom-border-blue);<br />
background-color: var(--custom-table-background);<br />
}<br />
<br />
.msgbox.has-image {<br />
grid-template-columns: max-content 1fr;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.msgbox.msgbox-mini {<br />
gap: 0.3em;<br />
margin-left: 0;<br />
margin-right: 0;<br />
padding: 0 0.3em;<br />
max-width: max-content;<br />
}<br />
<br />
@media screen and (max-width: 720px) {<br />
.msgbox {<br />
max-width: 100%;<br />
}<br />
}<br />
<br />
.msgbox + .msgbox {<br />
margin-top: -0.5em;<br />
border-top: 1px solid var(--theme-border-color);<br />
}<br />
<br />
.msgbox.msgbox-default,<br />
.msgbox.msgbox-notice {<br />
background-color: var(--custom-table-background);<br />
border-left-color: var(--custom-border-blue);<br />
}<br />
<br />
.msgbox.msgbox-red,<br />
.msgbox.msgbox-warning {<br />
background-color: var(--custom-background-red);<br />
border-left-color: var(--custom-border-red);<br />
}<br />
<br />
.msgbox.msgbox-orange,<br />
.msgbox.msgbox-content {<br />
background-color: var(--custom-background-orange);<br />
border-left-color: var(--custom-border-orange);<br />
}<br />
<br />
.msgbox.msgbox-yellow,<br />
.msgbox.msgbox-style {<br />
background-color: var(--custom-background-yellow);<br />
border-left-color: var(--custom-border-yellow);<br />
}<br />
<br />
.msgbox.msgbox-green,<br />
.msgbox.msgbox-status {<br />
background-color: var(--custom-background-green);<br />
border-left-color: var(--custom-border-green);<br />
}<br />
<br />
.msgbox.msgbox-cyan,<br />
.msgbox.msgbox-version {<br />
background-color: var(--custom-background-cyan);<br />
border-left-color: var(--custom-border-cyan);<br />
}<br />
<br />
.msgbox.msgbox-magenta {<br />
background-color: var(--custom-background-magenta);<br />
border-left-color: var(--custom-border-magenta);<br />
}<br />
<br />
.msgbox.msgbox-purple,<br />
.msgbox.msgbox-move {<br />
background-color: var(--custom-background-purple);<br />
border-left-color: var(--custom-border-purple);<br />
}<br />
<br />
.msgbox.msgbox-grey,<br />
.msgbox.msgbox-protection {<br />
background-color: var(--custom-background-grey);<br />
border-left-color: var(--theme-border-color);<br />
}<br />
<br />
.msgbox-body.align-left {<br />
text-align: left;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.msgbox-body.align-center {<br />
text-align: center;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.msgbox-body.align-right {<br />
text-align: right;<br />
}<br />
<br />
#mw-content-text .msgbox-text p {<br />
margin: 0;<br />
}<br />
<br />
<br />
/* [[Template:Documentation]] */<br />
.documentation,<br />
.documentation-docpage.documentation-header {<br />
border: 1px solid var(--theme-border-color);<br />
}<br />
<br />
.documentation-docpage.documentation-header {<br />
margin-bottom: 0.8em;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.documentation .documentation-header {<br />
margin: -0.8em -1em 0.8em;<br />
border-bottom: inherit;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.documentation-header .links,<br />
.documentation-footer .links {<br />
float: right;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.documentation-header .title {<br />
margin-right: 1em;<br />
font-size: 130%;<br />
font-weight: bold;<br />
line-height: 1;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.documentation .documentation-footer {<br />
margin: 0.7em -1em -0.7em;<br />
border-top: inherit;<br />
clear: both;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.documentation {<br />
margin-top: 1em;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.documentation,<br />
.documentation-header,<br />
.documentation-footer {<br />
background-color: var(--custom-documentation);<br />
padding: 0.8em 1em 0.7em;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.documentation.documentation-nodoc {<br />
background-color: var(--custom-documentation-nodoc);<br />
}<br />
<br />
.documentation.documentation-baddoc {<br />
background-color: var(--custom-documentation-baddoc);<br />
}<br />
<br />
/* [[Template:Infobox]], [[模块:Infobox]] */<br />
.notaninfobox {<br />
position: relative;<br />
float: right;<br />
clear: right;<br />
width: 300px;<br />
margin: 0 0 0.6em 0.6em;<br />
font-size: 90%;<br />
border: 1px solid #CCC;<br />
background-color: #FFF;<br />
padding: 2px;<br />
overflow-x: auto;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.notaninfobox > div:not(:first-child) {<br />
padding-top: 2px;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.infobox-title {<br />
background-color: #d8ecff;<br />
font-weight: bold;<br />
font-size: 1.25em;<br />
text-align: center;<br />
padding: 0.25em 0;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.infobox-imagearea {<br />
text-align: center;<br />
padding: 0 4px;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.infobox-imagearea > div:not(:first-child) {<br />
margin-top: 0.8em;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.infobox-subheader {<br />
text-align: center;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.infobox-rows {<br />
display: grid;<br />
grid-template-columns: max-content 1fr;<br />
gap: 2px;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.infobox-row {<br />
display: contents;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.infobox-cell-header,<br />
.infobox-cell-data {<br />
padding: 2px;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.infobox-cell-data .subinfobox {<br />
margin: -2px;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.infobox-footer {<br />
font-size: 90%;<br />
margin-top: 0.2rem;<br />
}<br />
<br />
@media screen and (max-width: 720px) {<br />
.notaninfobox {<br />
position: static;<br />
float: none;<br />
clear: none;<br />
margin: 0.6em 0;<br />
width: calc(100% - 6px);<br />
}<br />
}<br />
<br />
.infobox-row:nth-child(2n) > .infobox-cell-data {<br />
background-color: #EEE;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.infobox-row:nth-child(2n+1) > .infobox-cell-data {<br />
background-color: #FFF;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.infobox-row > .infobox-cell-header {<br />
background-color: #DDF;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.subinfobox {<br />
background-color: #FFF;<br />
}<br />
<br />
/* [[Template:Shortcut]] */<br />
.shortcut-box {<br />
background-color: var(--custom-table-background);<br />
border: 1px solid var(--theme-border-color);<br />
max-width: 400px;<br />
min-width: 70px;<br />
padding: 0.3em 0.5em;<br />
}<br />
<br />
/* Horizontal list */<br />
#bodyContent .hlist ul {<br />
display: inline;<br />
margin: 0;<br />
padding: 0;<br />
}<br />
<br />
#bodyContent .hlist li {<br />
display: inline;<br />
}<br />
<br />
#bodyContent .hlist li:not(:last-child) {<br />
padding-right: 0.286em;<br />
}<br />
<br />
#bodyContent .hlist li:not(:last-child)::after {<br />
content: "";<br />
display: inline-block;<br />
position: relative;<br />
left: 0.286em;<br />
bottom: 0.214em;<br />
background-color: #000;<br />
height: 3px;<br />
width: 3px;<br />
}<br />
<br />
#bodyContent .hlist li > ul li:first-child::before {<br />
content: "(";<br />
}<br />
<br />
#bodyContent .hlist li > ul li:last-child::after {<br />
content: ")";<br />
}<br />
<br />
#bodyContent .hlist li li li {<br />
font-size: x-small;<br />
}<br />
<br />
/* [[Template:Sprite]] */<br />
.sprite {<br />
display: inline-block;<br />
vertical-align: text-top;<br />
height: 16px;<br />
width: 16px;<br />
background-repeat: no-repeat;<br />
}<br />
.sprite + .sprite-text {<br />
padding-left: 0.312em;<br />
}<br />
<br />
/* [[Template:CommentSprite]]: [[File:CommentCSS.png]] */<br />
.comment-sprite {<br />
background-image: url(/w/images/9/9c/CommentCSS.png);<br />
}<br />
<br />
<br />
/* To make images responsive */<br />
.res-img img {<br />
max-width:100%;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.stretch-img img {<br />
width:100%;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.pixel-img img {<br />
image-rendering: crisp-edges;<br />
}<br />
<br />
/* Generic nowrap class */<br />
.nowrap {<br />
white-space: nowrap;<br />
}<br />
<br />
/* Hide noscript only elements */<br />
.noscript {<br />
display: none;<br />
}<br />
<br />
/* Hide things on mobile (the extension is meant to do this automatically, but it doesn't work) */<br />
.skin-minerva .nomobile {<br />
display: none;<br />
}<br />
<br />
/* [[Template:Archive box]] */<br />
.archive-box {<br />
background-color: var(--custom-table-background);<br />
text-align: left;<br />
border: 1px solid var(--theme-border-color);<br />
margin-top: 3px;<br />
max-width: 16em;<br />
min-width: 8em;<br />
font-size: 90%;<br />
padding: 2px;<br />
}<br />
<br />
/* [[Template:Table Choice]] */<br />
.tc-always {<br />
background-color: var(--custom-table-choice-always-background);<br />
color: var(--custom-table-choice-always);<br />
}<br />
<br />
.tc-yes {<br />
background-color: var(--custom-table-choice-yes-background);<br />
color: var(--custom-table-choice-yes);<br />
}<br />
<br />
.tc-no {<br />
background-color: var(--custom-table-choice-no-background);<br />
color: var(--custom-table-choice-no);<br />
}<br />
<br />
.tc-never {<br />
background-color: var(--custom-table-choice-never-background);<br />
color: var(--custom-table-choice-never);<br />
}<br />
<br />
.tc-rarely {<br />
background-color: var(--custom-table-choice-rarely-background);<br />
color: var(--custom-table-choice-rarely);<br />
}<br />
<br />
.tc-neutral {<br />
background-color: var(--custom-table-choice-neutral-background);<br />
color: var(--custom-table-choice-neutral);<br />
}<br />
<br />
.tc-partial {<br />
background-color: var(--custom-table-choice-partial-background);<br />
color: var(--custom-table-choice-partial);<br />
}<br />
<br />
.tc-planned {<br />
background-color: var(--custom-table-choice-planned-background);<br />
color: var(--custom-table-choice-planned);<br />
}<br />
<br />
.tc-unknown {<br />
background-color: var(--custom-table-choice-unknown-background);<br />
color: var(--custom-table-choice-unknown);<br />
}<br />
<br />
.tc-in-off {<br />
background-color: var(--custom-table-choice-in-off-background);<br />
color: var(--custom-table-choice-default);<br />
}<br />
<br />
.tc-in-on {<br />
background-color: var(--custom-table-choice-in-on-background);<br />
color: var(--custom-table-choice-default);<br />
}<br />
<br />
.tc-out-off {<br />
background-color: var(--custom-table-choice-out-off-background);<br />
color: var(--custom-table-choice-default);<br />
}<br />
<br />
.tc-out-on {<br />
background-color: var(--custom-table-choice-out-on-background);<br />
color: var(--custom-table-choice-default);<br />
}<br />
<br />
.tc-na {<br />
background-color: var(--custom-table-choice-default);<br />
color: var(--custom-table-choice-na);<br />
<br />
/* [[Template:Quote]] */<br />
.quote {<br />
display: grid;<br />
gap: 0 4px;<br />
align-items: center;<br />
max-width: max-content;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.quote-mark {<br />
font: bold 3.3em Times, serif;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.quote-mark-start {<br />
align-self: start;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.quote-mark-end {<br />
line-height: 0.5;<br />
align-self: end;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.quote-attribution {<br />
grid-column: -3 / span 1;<br />
text-align: right;<br />
font-size: smaller;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.quote-content, .quote-content:lang(zh-Hans), .quote-content:lang(zh-Hans-CN) {<br />
font-size: 107.143%; <br />
font-family: Garamond, Optima, "Times New Roman", "Liberation Serif", "Kaiti SC", "AR PL UKai CN", "Adobe Kaiti Std", "AR PL UKai TW", KaiTi, STKaiti, BiauKai, DFKai-SB, sans-serif;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.quote-content:lang(zh-Hant), .quote-content:lang(zh-Hant-TW) {<br />
font-family: Garamond, Optima, "Times New Roman", "Liberation Serif", "Kaiti TC", "AR PL UKai TW", "Adobe Kaiti Std", "AR PL UKai CN", BiauKai, DFKai-SB, KaiTi, STKaiti, sans-serif;<br />
}<br />
<br />
/** Misc stuff **/<br />
/* The white header used throughout the wiki */<br />
.wiki-header {<br />
background: #EEE;<br />
border: 1px solid #CCC;<br />
border-bottom: 4px groove #BBB;<br />
border-right: 4px groove #BBB;<br />
padding: 5px;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.mainpage-header {<br />
display: flex;<br />
justify-content: center;<br />
align-items: center;<br />
flex-wrap: wrap;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.wordmark-container {<br />
display: flex;<br />
flex-direction: column;<br />
justify-content: center;<br />
}<br />
<br />
@media screen and (max-width: 850px), <br />
@media screen and (max-width: 1099px) and (min-width: 851px){<br />
.wordmark-description-container {<br />
display: flex;<br />
flex-direction: column;<br />
justify-content: center;<br />
align-items: center;<br />
}<br />
}<br />
<br />
.wordmark-description {<br />
font-size: 1.2em;<br />
}<br />
<br />
/* Collapsible elements ([[MediaWiki:Gadget-site.js]]) */<br />
.collapsible.collapsed > tr:not(:first-child),<br />
.collapsible.collapsed > tbody > tr:not(:first-child),<br />
.collapsible.collapsed > thead + tbody > tr:first-child,<br />
.collapsible.collapsed > tbody + tbody > tr:first-child,<br />
.collapsible.collapsed > tfoot > tr,<br />
.collapsible.collapsed > .collapsible-content {<br />
display: none;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.collapsetoggle {<br />
display: inline-block;<br />
font-weight: normal;<br />
font-style: normal;<br />
float: right;<br />
text-align: right;<br />
margin-left: 0.8em;<br />
}<br />
.collapsetoggle-left > tr > * > .collapsetoggle,<br />
.collapsetoggle-left > * > tr > * > .collapsetoggle,<br />
.collapsetoggle-left > * > .collapsetoggle,<br />
.collapsetoggle-left > .collapsetoggle {<br />
float: left;<br />
text-align: left;<br />
margin-right: 0.8em;<br />
margin-left: 0;<br />
}<br />
.collapse-button-none > * > tr > * > .collapsetoggle,<br />
.collapsetoggle-inline > tr > * > .collapsetoggle,<br />
.collapsetoggle-inline > * > tr > * > .collapsetoggle,<br />
.collapsetoggle-inline > * > .collapsetoggle,<br />
.collapsetoggle-inline > .collapsetoggle {<br />
float: none;<br />
text-align:left;<br />
}<br />
<br />
.collapsetoggle-custom {<br />
visibility: hidden;<br />
}<br />
<br />
/* [[Template:Keys]], [[Module:Keys]] */<br />
.keyboard-key {<br />
background-color: #f8f9fa;<br />
color: #222;<br />
font-size: 80%;<br />
font-family: inherit;<br />
font-weight: bold;<br />
border: 1px solid #c8ccd1;<br />
border-radius: 2px;<br />
box-shadow: 0 1px 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2), 0 0 0 2px #fff inset;<br />
padding: 0.1em 0.4em;<br />
text-shadow: 0 1px 0 #fff;<br />
text-align: center;<br />
}<br />
/* tooltip */<br />
abbr[title],.explain[title] {<br />
border: 1px solid #cccccc;<br />
border-radius: 2px;<br />
text-decoration: none<br />
}<br />
<br />
/* Comments */<br />
.comments-body > p:nth-child(2) {<br />
display: none;<br />
}<br />
<br />
select[name="TheOrder"] {<br />
background-color: #f8f9fa;<br />
min-height: 2.28571429em;<br />
border: 1px solid #a2a9b1;<br />
border-radius: 2px;<br />
padding: 6px 12px;<br />
line-height: 1;<br />
}<br />
#spy > p > a,<br />
.c-form-button > input {<br />
background-color: #f8f9fa;<br />
color: #202122;<br />
display: inline-block;<br />
box-sizing: border-box;<br />
min-height: 2.28571429em;<br />
padding: 6px 12px;<br />
border: 1px solid #a2a9b1;<br />
border-radius: 2px;<br />
cursor: pointer;<br />
font-weight: bold;<br />
margin: auto 0;<br />
font-size: 0.95em !important;<br />
}<br />
<br />
#spy > p {<br />
margin: 0;<br />
}<br />
.c-spy {<br />
font-size: 0.95em !important;<br />
}<br />
<br />
/* Heimu */<br />
span.heimu a.external,<br />
span.heimu a.external:visited,<br />
span.heimu a.extiw,<br />
span.heimu a.extiw:visited {<br />
color: #252525;<br />
}<br />
.heimu,<br />
.heimu a,<br />
a .heimu,<br />
.heimu a.new {<br />
background-color: #252525;<br />
color: #252525;<br />
text-shadow: none;<br />
}<br />
body:not(.heimu_toggle_on) .heimu:hover,<br />
body:not(.heimu_toggle_on) .heimu:active,<br />
body:not(.heimu_toggle_on) .heimu.off {<br />
transition: color .13s linear;<br />
color: white;<br />
}<br />
body:not(.heimu_toggle_on) .heimu:hover a,<br />
body:not(.heimu_toggle_on) a:hover .heimu,<br />
body:not(.heimu_toggle_on) .heimu.off a,<br />
body:not(.heimu_toggle_on) a:hover .heimu.off {<br />
transition: color .13s linear;<br />
color: lightblue;<br />
}<br />
body:not(.heimu_toggle_on) .heimu.off .new,<br />
body:not(.heimu_toggle_on) .heimu.off .new:hover,<br />
body:not(.heimu_toggle_on) .new:hover .heimu.off,<br />
body:not(.heimu_toggle_on) .heimu.off .new,<br />
body:not(.heimu_toggle_on) .heimu.off .new:hover,<br />
body:not(.heimu_toggle_on) .new:hover .heimu.off {<br />
transition: color .13s linear;<br />
color: #BA0000;<br />
}<br />
<br />
/* CJK */<br />
span[lang] {<br />
font-family: initial;<br />
font-feature-settings: "locl" on;<br />
-webkit-font-feature-settings: "locl" on;<br />
}<br />
[style*="font:" i] span[lang],<br />
[style*="font-family:" i] span[lang] {<br />
font-family: inherit;<br />
}<br />
<br />
/* Japanese Italic */<br />
@font-face {<br />
font-family: JapaneseItalic;<br />
src: local(meiryo);<br />
}<br />
i span[lang=ja i],<br />
span[lang=ja i] i,<br />
[style*=italic i] span[lang=ja i],<br />
span[lang=ja i] [style*=italic i] {<br />
font-family: JapaneseItalic, sans-serif;<br />
}<br />
[style*="font:" i] i span[lang=ja i],<br />
[style*="font-family:" i] i span[lang=ja i],<br />
[style*="font:" i] span[lang=ja i] i,<br />
[style*="font-family:" i] span[lang=ja i] i,<br />
[style*="font:" i] [style*=italic i] span[lang=ja i],<br />
[style*="font-family:" i] [style*=italic i] span[lang=ja i],<br />
[style*="font:" i] span[lang=ja i] [style*=italic i],<br />
[style*="font-family:" i] span[lang=ja i] [style*=italic i] {<br />
font-family: inherit;<br />
}</div>
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